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'''Gokul''' is a town in the [[Mathura district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located {{convert|15|km|mi}} south-east of [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]. | '''Gokul''' is a town in the [[Mathura district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located {{convert|15|km|mi}} south-east of [[Mathura, Uttar Pradesh|Mathura]]. | ||
[[File:Indischer Maler um 1640 001.jpg|thumb|Krishna dances over the subdued [[Kaliya]] Naag in river [[Yamuna]], while seen on the banks are people of Gokula, Krishna's father [[Nanda (mythology)|Nanda]] Baba and his brother [[Balarama]]]] | [[File:Indischer Maler um 1640 001.jpg|thumb|Krishna dances over the subdued [[Kaliya]] Naag in river [[Yamuna]], while seen on the banks are people of Gokula, Krishna's father [[Nanda (mythology)|Nanda]] Baba and his brother [[Balarama]]]] | ||
== | == History == | ||
In the [[Vishnu Purana|''Viṣṇu Purāṇa'']] and ''[[Bhāgavata Purāṇa]]'', the term "gokula" does not refer to any specific location, but rather simply a "cattle herd" or a temporary cowherd camp.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vaudeville |first=Charlotte |date=1976 |title=Braj, Lost and Found |journal=Indo-Iranian Journal |publisher=Brill |volume=18 |issue=3/4 |page=198}}</ref> According to the ''Bhāgavata Purāṇa'', Gokula is where [[Krishna|Kr̥ṣṇa]] performed most of his childhood [[Lila (Hinduism)|līlā]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barz |first=Richard |title=The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1992 |edition=3rd |pages=17 |orig-date=1976}}</ref> | |||
= | In pre-sixteenth century texts [[Mahaban|Mahāban]] and Gokul are identical, but starting in the late sixteenth century the two places became distinct.{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=427}} According to the vārtas of the [[Pushtimarg]], in 1550 [[Vallabha]] arrived in [[Braj]] and unsuccessfully searched for Gokul and Mahāban, which were at the time considered lost/disappeared locations. There the goddess [[Yamuna in Hinduism|Jamna]] appeared before Vallabha and pointed out to him the lost site of Gokula next to a Chomkar/[[Sami tree|Shami]] tree.{{Sfn|Vaudeville|1976|p=201-202}} | ||
According to the [[ | |||
== | Vallabha's son Viṭṭhalanātha set up his residence in Gokul, and expanded the town and established it as a religious center. He received imperial [[Firman|firmans]] in the name of [[Akbar]] that made Viṭṭhalanātha's landholdings in Gokul tax-exempt with state protection, and granted his cows the freedom to roam through state property and nobles' estates. Gokul was formerly the home of Navanitpriya and the [[Pushtimarg#Houses and Svarūpas in the Puṣtimārga|seven Pushtimarg svarups]].{{Sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=427}}<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Saha|first=Shandip |date=2004 |title=Creating a Community of Grace: A History of the Puṣṭi Mārga in Northern and Western India (1493-1905) |chapter=Tracing the History of the Puṣṭi Mārga (1493-1670) |publisher=University of Ottawa |page=128}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Roshen Dalal |title=Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=978-81-8475-277-9 |page=1375}}</ref> | ||
=== | |||
=== | == Transportation == | ||
Source:<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Reach Gokul by Road, Train & Airway? {{!}} Travel Information |url=https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarpradesh/how-reach-gokul.html |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=tour-my-india}}</ref> | |||
Gokul is conveniently located ten kilometers from Mathura, a well-known Hindu pilgrimage site. The pilgrimage site is well connected to every significant Indian city by air, train, and road. | |||
=== Road === | |||
Gokul has excellent road connections. Numerous buses are run by the [[Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] to and from Mathura and Gokul. Additionally, the town has a decent network of state and federal highways that pass close to Gokul, including the [[Yamuna Expressway]] and Taj Expressway. | |||
=== Rail === | |||
Mathura, which is 7 km from the town, has the [[Mathura Junction railway station|closest railway station]]. From the train station, you can reserve a cab to take you to Gokul. Other Indian cities including [[Delhi]], [[Lucknow]], and [[Mumbai]] are easily accessible from the Mathura railhead. | |||
=== Air === | |||
[[Agra]], which is 54 kilometers away from Gokul, has the closest airport. To go to Gokul from the [[Agra Airport|Agra airport]], you can arrange a taxi. With fewer flights, the air connection of the Agra airport is not the finest. As an alternative, you can travel 232 kms from the airport in [[Jaipur]] or 186 km from the [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]] in Delhi to get here. To get to Gokul from either airport, you can reserve a cab. | |||
== Demographics == | |||
According to the [[2001 census of India]], Gokul had a population of 4041. Males constituted 55% of the population and females 45%. The average literacy rate was 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 68%, and female literacy was 49%. 18% of the population was under 8 years of age.<ref>{{Citation |title=India - Census, Standards & Statistics |work=Foreign Law Guide |editor=Marci Hoffman |publisher=Brill |doi=10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_097161}}</ref> | |||
==Notable sites== | |||
===Govind ghat aka Thakurani ghat=== | |||
Govind Ghat is the main [[ghat]] of Gokul and is the ''baiṭhak'' where [[Vallabha]] initiated his first disciple.{{sfn|Entwistle|1987|p=427}} | |||
===Gokulanātha Haveli=== | |||
[[File:Painting of Shri Gokulnathji and sakhis.png|thumb|Mid 19th century painting of the svarūpa Gokulanātha flanked by Rādhā and Candrāvalī.]] | |||
The haveli of the svarūpa Gokulanātha is in Gokul. The haveli is maintained by the fourth house of the Puṣṭimārga (the descendants of [[Gokulanatha|Gokulanātha]], son of [[Vitthalanatha|Viṭṭhalanātha]]). The deity Gokulanātha was originally worshipped by the family of Vallabha's wife, and was bestowed upon Gokulanātha by Viṭṭhalanātha. During the reign of [[Aurangzeb]] the Vaishnav deities of Braj left, and Gokulanātha was eventually installed in Jaipur in the late 1700s, along with the deities Gokulacandramā and Madanamohana of the fifth and seventh houses of the Pushtimarg. At some point Gokulanātha was then taken back to Gokul.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barz |first=Richard |title=The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |year=1992 |edition=3rd |pages=54–55 |orig-date=First edition 1976}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Entwistle |first=Alan W. |title=Braj: A Center of Krishna Pilgrimage |publisher=Groingen |year=1987 |pages=164, 185, 222-223, 427}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nardi |first=Isabella |date=2023 |title=Mobility and Festivity: Krishna Icons and the Reunion of the Seven Svarūps of 1739–40 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=39 |issue=1|pages=21–34 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2023.2224621 |s2cid=259624329 }}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Mathura district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Mathura district]] | ||
[[Category:Krishna]] | [[Category:Krishna]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:57, 25 March 2026
Gokul | |
|---|---|
 A temple in Gokul | |
  Gokul Location in Uttar Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 27°27′N 77°43′E / 27.45°N 77.72°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Mathura |
| Elevation | 163 m (535 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 4,041 |
| Demonym | Gokul wasi |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Native | Braj Bhasha dialect |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-85 |
Gokul is a town in the Mathura district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-east of Mathura.
History[edit | edit source]
In the Viṣṇu Purāṇa and Bhāgavata Purāṇa, the term "gokula" does not refer to any specific location, but rather simply a "cattle herd" or a temporary cowherd camp.[1] According to the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, Gokula is where Kr̥ṣṇa performed most of his childhood līlā.[2]
In pre-sixteenth century texts Mahāban and Gokul are identical, but starting in the late sixteenth century the two places became distinct.[3] According to the vārtas of the Pushtimarg, in 1550 Vallabha arrived in Braj and unsuccessfully searched for Gokul and Mahāban, which were at the time considered lost/disappeared locations. There the goddess Jamna appeared before Vallabha and pointed out to him the lost site of Gokula next to a Chomkar/Shami tree.[4]
Vallabha's son Viṭṭhalanātha set up his residence in Gokul, and expanded the town and established it as a religious center. He received imperial firmans in the name of Akbar that made Viṭṭhalanātha's landholdings in Gokul tax-exempt with state protection, and granted his cows the freedom to roam through state property and nobles' estates. Gokul was formerly the home of Navanitpriya and the seven Pushtimarg svarups.[3][5][6]
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Source:[7]
Gokul is conveniently located ten kilometers from Mathura, a well-known Hindu pilgrimage site. The pilgrimage site is well connected to every significant Indian city by air, train, and road.
Road[edit | edit source]
Gokul has excellent road connections. Numerous buses are run by the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation to and from Mathura and Gokul. Additionally, the town has a decent network of state and federal highways that pass close to Gokul, including the Yamuna Expressway and Taj Expressway.
Rail[edit | edit source]
Mathura, which is 7 km from the town, has the closest railway station. From the train station, you can reserve a cab to take you to Gokul. Other Indian cities including Delhi, Lucknow, and Mumbai are easily accessible from the Mathura railhead.
Air[edit | edit source]
Agra, which is 54 kilometers away from Gokul, has the closest airport. To go to Gokul from the Agra airport, you can arrange a taxi. With fewer flights, the air connection of the Agra airport is not the finest. As an alternative, you can travel 232 kms from the airport in Jaipur or 186 km from the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi to get here. To get to Gokul from either airport, you can reserve a cab.
Demographics[edit | edit source]
According to the 2001 census of India, Gokul had a population of 4041. Males constituted 55% of the population and females 45%. The average literacy rate was 60%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 68%, and female literacy was 49%. 18% of the population was under 8 years of age.[8]
Notable sites[edit | edit source]
Govind ghat aka Thakurani ghat[edit | edit source]
Govind Ghat is the main ghat of Gokul and is the baiṭhak where Vallabha initiated his first disciple.[3]
Gokulanātha Haveli[edit | edit source]
The haveli of the svarūpa Gokulanātha is in Gokul. The haveli is maintained by the fourth house of the Puṣṭimārga (the descendants of Gokulanātha, son of Viṭṭhalanātha). The deity Gokulanātha was originally worshipped by the family of Vallabha's wife, and was bestowed upon Gokulanātha by Viṭṭhalanātha. During the reign of Aurangzeb the Vaishnav deities of Braj left, and Gokulanātha was eventually installed in Jaipur in the late 1700s, along with the deities Gokulacandramā and Madanamohana of the fifth and seventh houses of the Pushtimarg. At some point Gokulanātha was then taken back to Gokul.[9][10][11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Vaudeville, Charlotte (1976). "Braj, Lost and Found". Indo-Iranian Journal. 18 (3/4). Brill: 198.
- ↑ Barz, Richard (1992) [1976]. The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya (3rd ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. p. 17.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Entwistle 1987, p. 427.
- ↑ Vaudeville 1976, p. 201-202.
- ↑ Saha, Shandip (2004). "Tracing the History of the Puṣṭi Mārga (1493-1670)". Creating a Community of Grace: A History of the Puṣṭi Mārga in Northern and Western India (1493-1905) (Thesis). University of Ottawa. p. 128.
- ↑ Roshen Dalal (2014). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books. p. 1375. ISBN 978-81-8475-277-9.
- ↑ "How to Reach Gokul by Road, Train & Airway? | Travel Information". tour-my-india. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ↑ Marci Hoffman (ed.), "India - Census, Standards & Statistics", Foreign Law Guide, Brill, doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_097161
- ↑ Barz, Richard (1992) [First edition 1976]. The Bhakti Sect of Vallabhācārya (3rd ed.). Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 54–55.
- ↑ Entwistle, Alan W. (1987). Braj: A Center of Krishna Pilgrimage. Groingen. pp. 164, 185, 222–223, 427.
- ↑ Nardi, Isabella (2023). "Mobility and Festivity: Krishna Icons and the Reunion of the Seven Svarūps of 1739–40". South Asian Studies. 39 (1): 21–34. doi:10.1080/02666030.2023.2224621. S2CID 259624329.
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| Other relatives | ||
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| Holy sites | ||
| Epigraphy | ||
| Texts | ||
| See also | ||