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{{Infobox country | {{Infobox country | ||
|conventional_long_name = Mau-Paithan-Nurpur kingdom<ref>{{Cite book|title=History and Culture of Himalayan States Vol 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eExDAAAAYAAJ|first=Sukhdev Singh|last=Charak|publisher=Light and Life|year=1978|isbn=9780391011762|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> | | conventional_long_name = Mau-Paithan-Nurpur kingdom<ref>{{Cite book|title=History and Culture of Himalayan States Vol 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eExDAAAAYAAJ|first=Sukhdev Singh|last=Charak|publisher=Light and Life|year=1978|isbn=9780391011762|access-date=26 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
|common_name | | common_name = Pathania | ||
|year_start | | year_start = 1064 | ||
|year_end | | year_end = 1947 | ||
|date_start | | date_start = | ||
|date_end | | date_end = | ||
|event_start | | event_start = | ||
|event_end | | event_end = | ||
|p1 | | p1 = Ghaznavid Empire | ||
|flag_p1 | | flag_p1 = Ghaznavid_Empire_975_-_1187_(AD).PNG | ||
|p2 | | p2 = Trigarta Kingdom | ||
|flag_p2 | | flag_p2 = Seljuk Empire locator map.svg | ||
|s1 | | s1 = Sikh Empire | ||
|flag_s1 | | flag_s1 = Sikh_Empire_flag.svg | ||
|s2 | | s2 = | ||
|flag_s2 | | flag_s2 = | ||
|s3 | | s3 = | ||
|flag_s3 | | flag_s3 = | ||
|image_map_caption = | | image_map_caption = Detail of the territory of Nurpur from a map of the various Hill States of the Punjab Hills region, copied in 1852. Parts of its borders has not been fully demarcated on the map. | ||
|image_flag | | image_flag = | ||
|image_coat | | image_coat = | ||
|coa_size | | coa_size = | ||
|religion | | religion = [[Hinduism]], [[Sikhism]] | ||
|capital | | image_map = Detail of the main, continuous tract of territory of Nurpur from a map of the various Hill States of the Punjab Hills region, copied in 1852.jpg | ||
|government_type | | capital = [[Pathankot]] (1064s–1580)<br />Shahpurkandi (1650s–1781)<br />[[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]] (1580s–1815) | ||
|legislature | | government_type = [[Hereditary monarchy]] | ||
|title_leader | | legislature = | ||
|leader1 | | area_km2 = 180 | ||
|leader2 | | title_leader = Raja | ||
|year_leader1 | | leader1 = Raja Jhetpal (first) | ||
|year_leader2 | | leader2 = Raja Gagan Singh (last) | ||
|year_deputy1 | | year_leader1 = 1064–1098 | ||
|stat_year1 | | year_leader2 = 1898-1952 | ||
|stat_area1 | | year_deputy1 = | ||
|common_languages | | stat_year1 = 1064 est. | ||
| stat_area1 = | |||
| common_languages = [[Takri script]] <br />[[Dogri language|Dogri]] <br />[[Kangri language|Kangri]] <br />[[Chambeali]] <br />[[Urdu]] | |||
}} | |||
{{History of India}} | |||
'''Nurpur''' kingdom | '''Nurpur''' kingdom in the Himalayan foothills of India was founded in 1064 A.D at north-eastern [[Doaba|Bari Doab]]<ref>{{Cite book|title=Punjab Through the Ages|first=Rashmi Pathak|last=S.R Bakshi|year=2007|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=978-81-7625-738-1}}</ref> between the [[Ravi River|Ravi]] and the [[Beas River|Beas]] rivers at the fusion of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[Duggar (region)|Duggar]], [[Majha]], Dharab and [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]] areas which ended in 1815. The remnants of Nurpur kingdom exist as ruined forts, restored temples, water bodies, and canals in [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]] [[tehsil]], [[Fatehpur, Himachal Pradesh Assembly constituency|Fatehpur]] tehsil, [[Pathankot]] tehsil, [[Dhar Kalan]] tehsil, [[Jawali, Himachal Pradesh|Jawali]] tehsil, [[Indora]] tehsil, [[Bhattiyat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhattiyat tehsil]], and Sihunta tehsil.<ref name="IGI">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V19_238.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 232.]</ref> | ||
[[File:Godinscription.jpg 19.jpg|thumb|Relief work dedicated to Krishan Leela on foundation of ruined temple in Nurpur Fort]] | [[File:Godinscription.jpg 19.jpg|thumb|Relief work dedicated to Krishan Leela on foundation of ruined temple in Nurpur Fort]] | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The Nurpur kingdom, originally known as '''Dhameri''', was founded towards the middle of the 11th century by [[Tomara dynasty|Tomaras of Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |volume=1 |first=Mark |last=Brentnall |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2004 |pages=350–358 |isbn=978-8-17387-163-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&pg=PA350}}</ref> Jhetpal the founder of Nurpur Kingdom in 1064 A.D was the younger brother of [[Anangpal Tomar|Anangpal II]] of [[Tomara dynasty]] from King [[Arjuna]] of Mahabharata fame, 2250 years before him.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advanced History of Ancient India|first=Shiri Ram |last=Bakshi|pages=29}}</ref><ref>Annals of Rajasthan Annals of Mewar: The Annals of Mewar | The Nurpur kingdom, originally known as '''Dhameri''' (धमेरी/دھمیری/ਧਮੇਰੀ), was founded towards the middle of the 11th century by [[Tomara dynasty|Tomaras of Delhi]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh |volume=1 |first=Mark |last=Brentnall |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=2004 |pages=350–358 |isbn=978-8-17387-163-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&pg=PA350}}</ref> Jhetpal the founder of Nurpur Kingdom in 1064 A.D was the younger brother of [[Anangpal Tomar|Anangpal II]] of [[Tomara dynasty]] from the family of King [[Arjuna]] of Mahabharata fame, 2250 years before him.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Advanced History of Ancient India|first=Shiri Ram |last=Bakshi|pages=29}}</ref><ref>Annals of Rajasthan Annals of Mewar: The Annals of Mewar | ||
By James Tod, Tod Payne C. H, C H Payne,Asian Educational Services,p39</ref> King [[Vikramaditya]] who began the Vikrama Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas belonged to the same lineage.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palæographic, of the Late James Prinsep|first=James Prinsep, Edward Thomas|last= Henry Thoby Prinsep|publisher=J.Murray|year=1858|page=157}}</ref> The principal era to which the luni-solar system is exclusively adapted is that of Vikramaditya, called Samvat. The prince | By James Tod, Tod Payne C. H, C H Payne,Asian Educational Services,p39</ref> King [[Vikramaditya]] who began the Vikrama Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas belonged to the same lineage.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palæographic, of the Late James Prinsep|first=James Prinsep, Edward Thomas|last= Henry Thoby Prinsep|publisher=J.Murray|year=1858|page=157}}</ref> The principal era to which the luni-solar system is exclusively adapted is that of Vikramaditya, called Samvat. The prince for whom it was named was of the Tuár dynasty and is supposed to have reigned at Ujjain (Ujjáyini). | ||
Tomar Raja Mahipal a k.a Kunwar Pāla (1021-1051) of Delhi in 1043 defeated [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]'s grandson [[Mawdud of Ghazni]] and liberated the Nagarkot fort. [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]'s fifth son Abd al-Rashid (1049-1052) appointed Hastagin Hajib as the governor of Punjab and | Tomar Raja Mahipal a k.a Kunwar Pāla (1021-1051) of Delhi in 1043 defeated [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]'s grandson [[Mawdud of Ghazni]] and liberated the Nagarkot fort.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Medieval History of Himachal Pradesh|url=https://hpgeneralstudies.com/medieval-history-himachal-pradesh/|publisher=hpgeneralstudies|access-date=7 July 2022}}</ref> [[Mahmud of Ghazni]]'s fifth son Abd al-Rashid (1049-1052) appointed Hastagin Hajib as the governor of Punjab and recaptured liberated Nagarkot fort in 1052 after the death of Raja Mahipal.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Kangra Himachal Pradesh|url=https://www.aimsuccess.in/2021/07/history-of-kangra-himachal-pradesh-in.html?m=1|publisher=Aim Success|access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref> Late Raja Mahipal's brother Jhetpal Tomar led an expeditionary force to protect Trigarta king Jagdish Chand of [[Katoch]] dynasty and successfully recaptured the [[Kangra fort]] in 1060 AD.<ref>{{cite book |first=André |last=Wink |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquests 11th-13th centuries |volume=II |publisher=Brill |year=1997 |page=134}}</ref> In retaliation, [[Ibrahim of Ghazna]] (1059-1099) sent his son, Mahmud, with an army of ''ghazis'' consisting of 40,000 cavalry to raid [[Doab]] of [[Punjab region]], between 1063 and 1070.<ref>{{cite book |first=André |last=Wink |title=Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquests 11th-13th centuries |volume=II |publisher=Brill |year=1997|page=134}}</ref> Due to these constant attacks [[Trigarta Kingdom]] shifted its capital from [[Doab]] [[Jalandhar]] to [[Kangra Fort]] in 1070 A.D. and to double secure [[Kangra Fort]] Jhetpal Tomar overpowered the garrison of [[Ghaznavid]] [[Kiladar]] Kuzbak Khan stationed at Paithan Fort, [[Pathankot]] which was the gateway to [[Kangra Valley]] between [[River Ravi]] and [[River Beas]] from the plains of [[Doab|Badi doab]]. Raja Jhetpal, after the death of [[Ibrahim of Ghazna]] in 1099 <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Iranica |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghaznavids |title=Ghaznavids |first=C.E. |last=Bosworth |year=2007|page=81}}</ref> permanently stationed his garrison at Pathankot and the territorial surname [[Pathania]] became surname of clan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Mian Goverdhan|title=Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh|year=1999|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870941|page=34|edition=1999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgZFhkVINvkC&pg=PA34}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Chronology of Royal House of Pathania, Nurpur|first=A.N|last=Walia|year=2004|page=46|publisher=Languages and Culture Department, Shimla H.P}}</ref> | ||
[[Ibrahim of Ghazna]] (1059-1099) sent his son, Mahmud, with an army of ''ghazis'' consisting of 40,000 cavalry to raid [[Doab]] of [[Punjab region]], between 1063 and 1070 | |||
Nurpur reached its peak between 1580 and 1613 during the reign of Raja Basu Dev who built an impressive fort that can still be seen today but his son [[Suraj Mal of Nurpur]] was driven away by Mughals in 1618.<ref>{{cite web|url= | Nurpur reached its peak between 1580 and 1613 during the reign of Raja Basu Dev who built an impressive fort that can still be seen today but his son [[Suraj Mal of Nurpur]] was driven away by Mughals in 1618.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jameelcentre.ashmolean.org/collection/6980/9856/0/9900 |title=Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art |publisher=Jameelcentre.ashmolean.org |date=2012-04-22 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref name=jerath>{{cite book|first=Ashok|last=Jerath|title=Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya|year=2000|publisher=M L Gidwani, Indus Publishing Company|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2oZiyOqReoC&pg=PA27|accessdate=March 28, 2013|location=New Delhi|page=27|chapter=2 - Forts on the left side of Ravi|isbn=9788173871047}}</ref> | ||
In 1620 the change of name from Dhameri to Nurpur was done by [[Raja Jagat Singh]] to honour Mughal emperor and empress as 'Nur' was a common prefix to their names Nur-ud-din Muhammad [[Jahangir]] and [[Nur Jahan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=नूरजहां ने जलन के कारण इस किले में कटवा दी थी एक खूबसूरत नर्तकी की जीभ!|publisher=Navbharat Times|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/travel/interesting-facts-about-nurpur-fort-himachal-pradesh/photoshow/msid-75578125,picid-75578211.cms|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> Nurpur kingdom paid taxes after it came under Mughals. It rebelled when taxes were raised to 66% and the settlement took place after the War of Taragarh 1640–1642. | In 1620 the change of name from Dhameri to Nurpur was done by [[Raja Jagat Singh]] to honour Mughal emperor and empress as 'Nur' was a common prefix to their names Nur-ud-din Muhammad [[Jahangir]] and [[Nur Jahan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=नूरजहां ने जलन के कारण इस किले में कटवा दी थी एक खूबसूरत नर्तकी की जीभ!|publisher=Navbharat Times|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/photomazza/travel/interesting-facts-about-nurpur-fort-himachal-pradesh/photoshow/msid-75578125,picid-75578211.cms|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> Nurpur kingdom paid taxes after it came under Mughals. It rebelled when taxes were raised to 66% and the settlement took place after the War of Taragarh 1640–1642. | ||
Till 1739 kingdom remained a feudatory state of [[Mughal Empire]] and became independent during [[Campaigns of Nader Shah]]. During [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] from (1747-1767) Raja Fateh Singh survived the invader but Raja Prithvi Singh (1770-1805) expelled Muslim branch of [[Pathania]] (1650-1781) based at Shahpurkandi Fort near [[Shahpurkandi dam project]] colony, they migrated to Pakistan in 1947. Also, Prithvi Singh forced his brother Inder Singh ([[Rey Khas|Rey]] branch) whom he considered as claimant of Nurpur kingdom to take exile in 1779 at Mahal Moriyan Fort [[Kangra State]] (presently at Mehal Khas, [[Bhoranj]], [[Hamirpur | Till 1739 kingdom remained a feudatory state of [[Mughal Empire]] and became independent during [[Campaigns of Nader Shah]]. During [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani]] from (1747-1767) Raja Fateh Singh survived the invader but Raja Prithvi Singh (1770-1805) expelled Muslim branch of [[Pathania]] (1650-1781) based at Shahpurkandi Fort near [[Shahpurkandi dam project]] colony, they migrated to Pakistan in 1947. Also, Prithvi Singh forced his brother Inder Singh ([[Rey Khas|Rey]] branch) whom he considered as claimant of Nurpur kingdom to take exile in 1779 at Mahal Moriyan Fort [[Kangra State]] (presently at Mehal Khas, [[Bhoranj]], [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]), they later migrated to [[Rey khas|Rey]] in 1823 after the death of [[Sansar Chand]], [[Sikh Empire]] appointed Inder Singh's son Ishri Singh as courtier in the [[Sikh period in Lahore|Lahore durbar]] and awarded [[Rey khas|Rey]] jagir. Ishri Singh was also brother-in-law of [[Dhian Singh]], the longest reigning prime minister of [[Sikh Empire]] from 1818-1843.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walia|first=A N|title=History of Pathania Rajas of Nurpur, District Kangra|year=2002|publisher=Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla-9|page=60}}</ref> | ||
Raja Bhir Singh had to face threats from all sides bordering [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]], [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkhas]], [[Sansar Chand|Katoch]] and [[British East India Company|British]]. Ultimately after just 10 years of his reign [[Ranjit Singh]] the final winner of the contest annexed Nurpur kingdom in 1815.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Macintyre|first=Ben|title=The Man Who Would Be King: The First American in Afghanistan|year=2002|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-20178-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/manwhowouldbekin00benm|page= | Raja Bhir Singh had to face threats from all sides bordering [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]], [[Gorkha Kingdom|Gorkhas]], [[Sansar Chand|Katoch]] and [[British East India Company|British]]. Ultimately after just 10 years of his reign [[Ranjit Singh]] the final winner of the contest annexed Nurpur kingdom in 1815.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walia|first=A N|title=History of Pathania Rajas of Nurpur, District Kangra|year=2002|publisher=Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla-9|page=55}}</ref> Raja Bhir Singh retook the Nurpur in 1846 but died fighting at the gates of Nurpur Fort.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Macintyre|first=Ben|title=The Man Who Would Be King: The First American in Afghanistan|year=2002|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-20178-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/manwhowouldbekin00benm|page=58}}</ref> | ||
His struggle was continued by his son Raja Jaswant Singh Pathania and his uncle's son 'Bansein Wazira' [[:hi:राम सिंह पठानिया]], who resorted to [[guerilla]] warfare but was captured by deceit from [[Lakhanpur, Jammu]] Fort by [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]] which was under British control. The state was annexed by the [[British East India Company]] in 1849 and the last ruling monarch of Nurpur, was given Rs 5000/- [[financial compensation|financially compensated]] by the British for the loss of his state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wazir Ram Singh Pathania|url=https://pathaniajathere.com/nurpur/wazirramsinghpathania.html|publisher=Nag Mandir Jathare|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> | His struggle was continued by his son Raja Jaswant Singh Pathania and his uncle's son 'Bansein Wazira' [[:hi:राम सिंह पठानिया]], who resorted to [[guerilla]] warfare but was captured by deceit from [[Lakhanpur, Jammu]] Fort by [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)]] which was under British control. The state was annexed by the [[British East India Company]] in 1849 and the last ruling monarch of Nurpur, was given Rs 5000/- [[financial compensation|financially compensated]] by the British for the loss of his state.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wazir Ram Singh Pathania|url=https://pathaniajathere.com/nurpur/wazirramsinghpathania.html|publisher=Nag Mandir Jathare|access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> | ||
== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Tomaras of Delhi]] | |||
* [[Tomaras of Gwalior]] | |||
* [[Beja State|Tomaras of Beja]] | |||
*[[Kangra painting]] | *[[Kangra painting]] | ||
| Line 131: | Line 77: | ||
[[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]] | [[Category:History of Himachal Pradesh]] | ||
[[Category:Nurpur kingdom]] | |||
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1947]] | |||
Latest revision as of 10:57, 11 March 2026
Mau-Paithan-Nurpur kingdom[1] | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1064–1947 | |||||||||||
 Detail of the territory of Nurpur from a map of the various Hill States of the Punjab Hills region, copied in 1852. Parts of its borders has not been fully demarcated on the map. | |||||||||||
| Capital | Pathankot (1064s–1580) Shahpurkandi (1650s–1781) Nurpur (1580s–1815) | ||||||||||
| Common languages | Takri script Dogri Kangri Chambeali Urdu | ||||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism, Sikhism | ||||||||||
| Government | Hereditary monarchy | ||||||||||
| Raja | |||||||||||
• 1064–1098 | Raja Jhetpal (first) | ||||||||||
• 1898-1952 | Raja Gagan Singh (last) | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1064 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1947 | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
• Total | 180 km2 (69 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| History of India |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
Nurpur kingdom in the Himalayan foothills of India was founded in 1064 A.D at north-eastern Bari Doab[2] between the Ravi and the Beas rivers at the fusion of Kangra, Duggar, Majha, Dharab and Chamba areas which ended in 1815. The remnants of Nurpur kingdom exist as ruined forts, restored temples, water bodies, and canals in Nurpur tehsil, Fatehpur tehsil, Pathankot tehsil, Dhar Kalan tehsil, Jawali tehsil, Indora tehsil, Bhattiyat tehsil, and Sihunta tehsil.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
The Nurpur kingdom, originally known as Dhameri (धमेरी/دھمیری/ਧਮੇਰੀ), was founded towards the middle of the 11th century by Tomaras of Delhi.[4] Jhetpal the founder of Nurpur Kingdom in 1064 A.D was the younger brother of Anangpal II of Tomara dynasty from the family of King Arjuna of Mahabharata fame, 2250 years before him.[5][6] King Vikramaditya who began the Vikrama Samvat era in 57 BCE after defeating the Shakas belonged to the same lineage.[7] The principal era to which the luni-solar system is exclusively adapted is that of Vikramaditya, called Samvat. The prince for whom it was named was of the Tuár dynasty and is supposed to have reigned at Ujjain (Ujjáyini).
Tomar Raja Mahipal a k.a Kunwar Pāla (1021-1051) of Delhi in 1043 defeated Mahmud of Ghazni's grandson Mawdud of Ghazni and liberated the Nagarkot fort.[8] Mahmud of Ghazni's fifth son Abd al-Rashid (1049-1052) appointed Hastagin Hajib as the governor of Punjab and recaptured liberated Nagarkot fort in 1052 after the death of Raja Mahipal.[9] Late Raja Mahipal's brother Jhetpal Tomar led an expeditionary force to protect Trigarta king Jagdish Chand of Katoch dynasty and successfully recaptured the Kangra fort in 1060 AD.[10] In retaliation, Ibrahim of Ghazna (1059-1099) sent his son, Mahmud, with an army of ghazis consisting of 40,000 cavalry to raid Doab of Punjab region, between 1063 and 1070.[11] Due to these constant attacks Trigarta Kingdom shifted its capital from Doab Jalandhar to Kangra Fort in 1070 A.D. and to double secure Kangra Fort Jhetpal Tomar overpowered the garrison of Ghaznavid Kiladar Kuzbak Khan stationed at Paithan Fort, Pathankot which was the gateway to Kangra Valley between River Ravi and River Beas from the plains of Badi doab. Raja Jhetpal, after the death of Ibrahim of Ghazna in 1099 [12] permanently stationed his garrison at Pathankot and the territorial surname Pathania became surname of clan.[13][14]
Nurpur reached its peak between 1580 and 1613 during the reign of Raja Basu Dev who built an impressive fort that can still be seen today but his son Suraj Mal of Nurpur was driven away by Mughals in 1618.[15][16]
In 1620 the change of name from Dhameri to Nurpur was done by Raja Jagat Singh to honour Mughal emperor and empress as 'Nur' was a common prefix to their names Nur-ud-din Muhammad Jahangir and Nur Jahan.[17] Nurpur kingdom paid taxes after it came under Mughals. It rebelled when taxes were raised to 66% and the settlement took place after the War of Taragarh 1640–1642.
Till 1739 kingdom remained a feudatory state of Mughal Empire and became independent during Campaigns of Nader Shah. During Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani from (1747-1767) Raja Fateh Singh survived the invader but Raja Prithvi Singh (1770-1805) expelled Muslim branch of Pathania (1650-1781) based at Shahpurkandi Fort near Shahpurkandi dam project colony, they migrated to Pakistan in 1947. Also, Prithvi Singh forced his brother Inder Singh (Rey branch) whom he considered as claimant of Nurpur kingdom to take exile in 1779 at Mahal Moriyan Fort Kangra State (presently at Mehal Khas, Bhoranj, Hamirpur), they later migrated to Rey in 1823 after the death of Sansar Chand, Sikh Empire appointed Inder Singh's son Ishri Singh as courtier in the Lahore durbar and awarded Rey jagir. Ishri Singh was also brother-in-law of Dhian Singh, the longest reigning prime minister of Sikh Empire from 1818-1843.[18]
Raja Bhir Singh had to face threats from all sides bordering Sikhs, Gorkhas, Katoch and British. Ultimately after just 10 years of his reign Ranjit Singh the final winner of the contest annexed Nurpur kingdom in 1815.[19] Raja Bhir Singh retook the Nurpur in 1846 but died fighting at the gates of Nurpur Fort.[20]
His struggle was continued by his son Raja Jaswant Singh Pathania and his uncle's son 'Bansein Wazira' hi:राम सिंह पठानिया, who resorted to guerilla warfare but was captured by deceit from Lakhanpur, Jammu Fort by Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) which was under British control. The state was annexed by the British East India Company in 1849 and the last ruling monarch of Nurpur, was given Rs 5000/- financially compensated by the British for the loss of his state.[21]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Charak, Sukhdev Singh (1978). History and Culture of Himalayan States Vol 1. Light and Life. ISBN 9780391011762. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
- ↑ S.R Bakshi, Rashmi Pathak (2007). Punjab Through the Ages. Sarup & Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-738-1.
- ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 19, p. 232.
- ↑ Brentnall, Mark (2004). The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1. Indus Publishing. pp. 350–358. ISBN 978-8-17387-163-4.
- ↑ Bakshi, Shiri Ram. Advanced History of Ancient India. p. 29.
- ↑ Annals of Rajasthan Annals of Mewar: The Annals of Mewar By James Tod, Tod Payne C. H, C H Payne,Asian Educational Services,p39
- ↑ Henry Thoby Prinsep, James Prinsep, Edward Thomas (1858). Essays on Indian Antiquities, Historic, Numismatic, and Palæographic, of the Late James Prinsep. J.Murray. p. 157.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ "Medieval History of Himachal Pradesh". hpgeneralstudies. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
- ↑ "History of Kangra Himachal Pradesh". Aim Success. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
- ↑ Wink, André (1997). Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquests 11th-13th centuries. Vol. II. Brill. p. 134.
- ↑ Wink, André (1997). Al-Hind the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquests 11th-13th centuries. Vol. II. Brill. p. 134.
- ↑ Bosworth, C.E. (2007). "Ghaznavids". Encyclopedia Iranica. p. 81.
- ↑ Singh, Mian Goverdhan (1999). Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh (1999 ed.). Indus Publishing. p. 34. ISBN 9788173870941.
- ↑ Walia, A.N (2004). Chronology of Royal House of Pathania, Nurpur. Languages and Culture Department, Shimla H.P. p. 46.
- ↑ "Ashmolean − Eastern Art Online, Yousef Jameel Centre for Islamic and Asian Art". Jameelcentre.ashmolean.org. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ↑ Jerath, Ashok (2000). "2 - Forts on the left side of Ravi". Forts and Palaces of the Western Himalaya. New Delhi: M L Gidwani, Indus Publishing Company. p. 27. ISBN 9788173871047. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
- ↑ "नूरजहां ने जलन के कारण इस किले में कटवा दी थी एक खूबसूरत नर्तकी की जीभ!". Navbharat Times. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ↑ Walia, A N (2002). History of Pathania Rajas of Nurpur, District Kangra. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla-9. p. 60.
- ↑ Walia, A N (2002). History of Pathania Rajas of Nurpur, District Kangra. Department of Language and Culture, Himachal Pradesh, Shimla-9. p. 55.
- ↑ Macintyre, Ben (2002). The Man Who Would Be King: The First American in Afghanistan. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-374-20178-4.
- ↑ "Wazir Ram Singh Pathania". Nag Mandir Jathare. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
