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{{Short description|Extinct Sino-Tibetan language of India}} | {{Short description|Extinct Sino-Tibetan language of India}} | ||
{{Redirect|Loi language|text=Loi is also the name of a dialect of the [[Ngiri language]] of Congo}} | |||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name=Chakpa | | name = Chakpa | ||
|altname=Loi | | altname = Loi | ||
|states=[[India]] | | states = [[India]] | ||
|region=[[Manipur]] | | region = [[Manipur]] | ||
|ethnicity= | | ethnicity = | ||
|extinct= | | extinct = by 1950s | ||
| ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Atlas of the world's languages in danger|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000187026|website=[[UNESCO]]|page=202|date=2010|access-date=2024-12-28|author1=Christopher Moseley|author2=Alexandre Nicolas}}</ref> | |||
|ref=<ref | | familycolor = Sino-Tibetan | ||
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan | | fam2 = [[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]] | ||
|fam2=[[Sal languages|Sal]] | | fam3 = [[Sal languages|Sal]] | ||
| | | fam4 = [[Jingpho–Luish languages|Jingpho–Luish]] | ||
| | | fam5 = [[Luish languages|Luish]] | ||
| | | dia1 = Andro | ||
|iso3= | | dia2 = Sengmai (Sekmai) | ||
|glotto=andr1245 | | dia3 = Phayeng | ||
|glottorefname=Chakpa | | dia4 = Chairel | ||
| dia5 = Khurkhul | |||
| iso3 = none | |||
| glotto = andr1245 | |||
| glottorefname = Chakpa | |||
| isoexception = dialect | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Chakpa''' ([[Meitei language|Meitei]] | '''Chakpa''' ([[Meitei language|Meitei]]) is a [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language]] that was spoken in the [[Imphal]] valley of [[Manipur]], [[India]]. It belonged to the [[Luish languages|Luish]] branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Chakpa speakers have been shifted to that of [[Meitei language]].<ref name="Huziwara 2020">{{Cite journal |last=Huziwara |first=Keisuke |date=2020 |title=On the Genetic Position of Chakpa Within Luish Languages |journal=Himalayan Linguistics |language=en |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=44–55 |doi=10.5070/H91150999 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Varieties of the language included Sengmai and Andro.<ref name="Matisoff 2013">{{harvp|Matisoff|2013}}</ref> | ||
Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, and Chairel, all of which are now Meitei-speaking villages.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" /> | Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, Khurkhul and Chairel, all of which are now Meitei-speaking villages.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" /> | ||
==Other names== | ==Other names== | ||
{{further|Loi}} | {{further|Loi}} | ||
''[[Loi]]'' (or ''Lui''; hence "[[Luish languages|Luish]]") is a [[Meithei language| | ''[[Loi]]'' (or ''Lui''; hence "[[Luish languages|Luish]]") is a [[Meithei language|Meitei]] [[endonym and exonym|exonym]] that includes Chakpa. Although Chakpa are typically considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa. For example, [[Kakching]] and Kwakta are Loi villages that are not Chakpa.<ref name="Huziwara 2020" /> | ||
==Documentation== | ==Documentation== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 46: | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last=Huziwara |first=Keisuke 藤原 敬介 |date=2012 |title=Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete |script-title=ja:ルイ祖語の再構にむけて |trans-title=Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish |journal=Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū |language=ja |volume=31 |pages= | * {{Cite journal |last=Huziwara |first=Keisuke 藤原 敬介 |date=2012 |title=Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete |script-title=ja:ルイ祖語の再構にむけて |trans-title=Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish |journal=Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū |language=ja |volume=31 |pages=25–131 |doi=10.14989/182194 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free |script-journal=ja:京都大学言語学研究 |hdl=2433/182194}} | ||
* {{Cite journal |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |date=2013 |title=Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship |url=http://sealang.net/archives/ltba/pdf/LTBA-36.2.15.pdf |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=15–95}} | * {{Cite journal |last=Matisoff |first=James A. |date=2013 |title=Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship |url=http://sealang.net/archives/ltba/pdf/LTBA-36.2.15.pdf |journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area |language=en |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=15–95}} | ||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
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{{Sino-Tibetan languages}} | {{Sino-Tibetan languages}} | ||
{{Sal languages}} | {{Sal languages}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | |||
[[Category:Sal languages]] | [[Category:Sal languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages of Myanmar]] | [[Category:Languages of Myanmar]] | ||
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]] | |||
Latest revision as of 01:03, 24 February 2026
| Chakpa | |
|---|---|
| Loi | |
| Native to | India |
| Region | Manipur |
| Extinct | by 1950s[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | andr1245 |
Chakpa (Meitei) is a Sino-Tibetan language that was spoken in the Imphal valley of Manipur, India. It belonged to the Luish branch of the Sino-Tibetan family. Chakpa speakers have been shifted to that of Meitei language.[2] Varieties of the language included Sengmai and Andro.[3]
Chakpa was spoken in villages such as Andro, Sekmai (Sengmai), Phayeng, Khurkhul and Chairel, all of which are now Meitei-speaking villages.[2]
Other names[edit | edit source]
Loi (or Lui; hence "Luish") is a Meitei exonym that includes Chakpa. Although Chakpa are typically considered to be Loi, not all Loi are Chakpa. For example, Kakching and Kwakta are Loi villages that are not Chakpa.[2]
Documentation[edit | edit source]
Chakpa is preserved in written manuscripts that are recited by religious scholars during traditional ceremonies, such as those of the Lai Haraoba festival.[2]
Chakpa word lists can be found in McCulloch (1859)[4] and Basanta (1998).[5]
The Chairel variety is documented in a word list by McCulloch (1859).[4]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Christopher Moseley; Alexandre Nicolas (2010). "Atlas of the world's languages in danger". UNESCO. p. 202. Retrieved 2024-12-28.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Huziwara, Keisuke (2020). "On the Genetic Position of Chakpa Within Luish Languages". Himalayan Linguistics. 19 (2): 44–55. doi:10.5070/H91150999.
- ↑ Matisoff (2013)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 McCulloch, W. (1859). Account of the Valley of Munnipore and of the Hill Tribes: With a Comparative Vocabulary of the Munnipore and Other Languages. Calcutta: Bengal Printing Company.
- ↑ Basanta, Ningombam (2008). Modernisation, Challenge and Response: A Study of the Chakpa Community of Manipur. New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Huziwara, Keisuke 藤原 敬介 (2012). "Rui sogo no saikou ni mukete" ルイ祖語の再構にむけて [Toward a Reconstruction of Proto-Luish]. Kyōtodaigaku gengogaku kenkyū 京都大学言語学研究 (in 日本語). 31: 25–131. doi:10.14989/182194. hdl:2433/182194.
- Matisoff, James A. (2013). "Re-Examining the Genetic Position of Jingpho: Putting Flesh on the Bones of the Jingpho/Luish Relationship" (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area. 36 (2): 15–95.