Barak 8: Difference between revisions

Barak 8 / LR-SAM / MR-SAM
Barak 8 / LR-SAM / MR-SAM
	Scale-model of the Barak-8ER concept unveiled at the 2009 Paris Air Show. Visible below is the addition of a large diameter 1st stage booster.
Type	surface-to-air missile (medium and long range)
Place of origin	India, Israel
Service history
In service	2016−present
Used by	Indian Navy ; Indian Air Force ; Indian Army; Israeli Navy; Azerbaijan Air Force
Production history
Designer	Israel Aerospace Industries; Defence Research and Development Organisation
Manufacturer	Bharat Dynamics Limited ; Bharat Electronics Limited; Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
Produced	2017−present
Specifications
Mass	275 kg (606 lb)(w/out booster)
Length	4.5 m (180 in)(w/out booster)
Diameter	0.225 m (8.9 in) at main missile body; 0.54 m (1 ft 9 in) initial-stage rocket motor, Barak-8ER version;
Warhead	60 kg
Detonation; mechanism	hard kill
Engine	smokeless dual pulsed rocket motor; 1-stage or 2-stage rocket variants
Wingspan	0.94 m (3 ft 1 in)
Operational; range	0.5 km-70 km(single-stage rocket) version: Barak-8 MRSAM, Barak LRAD"; 0.5 km-100 km (single stage rocket) version: Barak-8 LRSAM"; ?km-150 km(2-stage rocket) version: Barak ER;
Flight ceiling	16 km (9.9 mi)Template:Need citation; 20 km (12 mi): Barak LRAD & MRAD'; 30 km (19 mi) Barak ER;
Maximum speed	Mach 2 (LRSAM variant); Mach 3+ (MRSAM variant);
Guidance; system	2-way datalink w/ WCS; Active radar homing; Infrared Homing GuidanceTemplate:Need citation;
Launch; platform	8 cell VLS module; 8 cell, double stacked land launcher;

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Revision as of 19:30, 8 December 2022

Barak 8 (Hebrew: בָּרָק‎, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or as MR-SAM,^[9]^[10]^[11] is an Indo-Israeli jointly developed surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, anti-ship missiles, and UAVs as well as ballistic missiles,^[12] cruise missiles and combat jets.^[13] Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist.^[14]

Barak 8 was jointly developed by India's Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). The Barak 8 missile defence system is produced by Israel's Directorate of Research and Development (DDR&D), Elta Systems, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and India's Bharat Dynamics limited (BDL).^[15]

Background

Barak 8 is loosely based on the original Barak 1 missile and is expected to feature a more advanced seeker, alongside range extensions that will move it closer to medium range naval systems like the RIM-162 ESSM or even the SM-2 Standard. Israel successfully tested the improved Barak II missile on July 30, 2009. The radar system provides 360 degree coverage and the missiles can take down an incoming missile as close as 500 meters away from the ship. Each Barak system (missile container, radar, computers and installation) costs about $24 million.^[16] In November 2009 Israel signed a $1.1 billion contract to supply an upgraded tactical Barak 8 air defence system to India.^[17] In May 2017, India placed an order of $630 million for four ships of the Indian Navy.^[18] In September 2018, MDL and GRSE awarded Bharat Electronics Limited with a $1.28 billion contract to supply seven Barak-8 air defence systems for Project 17A-class frigates. In October 2018, Bharat Electronics Limited signed a $777 million deal with Israel Aerospace Industries to help fulfil the Barak-8 order.^[19] Parallel to the Barak-8, IAI has completed development and is manufacturing the Barak MX system that broadens the Barak into a multi-layered air defense system employing unified smart launchers carrying Short, Medium, and Extended-Range interceptors. The Smart Launcher supports flexible deployment architecture for land and naval applications. Unlike the Barak-8 system, the interceptors, and sensors were developed exclusively by IAI to meet specific requirements from domestic and foreign customers.^[20]

The missile is expected to equip the Indian Navy's future Visakhapatnam-class destroyers and Nilgiri-class frigate.^[21]^[22]

Design (LRSAM)

The Barak 8 has a length of about 4.5 meters, a diameter of 0.225 meters at missile body, and 0.54 meters at the booster stage, a wingspan of 0.94 meters and weighs 275 kg including a 60 kg warhead which detonates at proximity. The missile has maximum speed of Mach 2^[4] with a maximum operational range of 70 km,^[13]^[23]^[24] which was later increased to ~90km,^[25] which was later further increased to 100 km.^[6]^[7] Barak 8 features a dual pulse rocket motor as well as thrust vector control,^[1] and possesses high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range. A second motor is fired during the terminal phase, at which stage the active radar seeker is activated to home in on to the enemy track. Barak 8 has been designed to counter a wide variety of airborne threats, such as anti-ship missiles, aircraft, UAVs drones and supersonic missiles.^[26] When coupled with a modern air-defence system and multi-function surveillance track and guidance radars, such as the EL/M-2248 MF-STAR AESA on board Kolkata-class destroyers, Barak 8 enables the capability to simultaneously engage multiple targets during saturation attacks.^[8]

Israel Aerospace Industries describe Barak 8 as "an advanced, long-range missile defense and air defense system" with its main features being:^[8]^[27]

Long Range
Two way data link (GPS S band)
Active Radar Seeker Missile
360 degree coverage
Smokeless propulsion
Thrust vector control
Dual pulse propulsion
Vertical Launch
Multiple Simultaneous Engagements
Point defence anti-ballistic missile^[12]

MRSAM

MRSAM is the land based configuration of the missile. It consists of a command and control system, tracking radar, missile and mobile launcher systems. Each launcher will have eight such missiles in two stacks and are launched in a canister configuration. The system is also fitted with an advanced radio frequency (RF) Seeker. It has a range of 70Kms.^[28]^[11]

In a 1 July 2010 report, replying to a query on the Indo-Israeli joint venture to develop a medium range surface-to-air missile, DRDO chief V. K. Saraswat told The Economic Times "More than 70 per cent of the content in the missile being developed with Israel would be indigenous."^[29]

The Indian Army ordered five regiments (40 launchers) of this version, which consists of 8 launcher vehicles each, and 200 missiles for ₹17,000 crore (US$2.4 billion).^[11]^[30]^[31]^[32]

In July 2019, the Indian Army and Air Force awarded a $100 million contract to produce 1,000 MRSAM to Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems (KRAS), a joint venture between the Kalyani Group and Rafael.^[33]^[34] The missiles are manufactured at Kalyani Rafael's plant in Hyderabad, Telangana, and then sent to Bharat Dynamics Limited for further integration. KRAS announced that it had begun delivery of the first batch of MRSAM on 16 March 2021 to the Indian Air Force. The Air Force has placed order for 18 squadrons with 3 launcher vehicles, carrying 8 missiles each.^[35]^[36]

On 23 November 2020, the missile was successfully tested when a Banshee unmanned air vehicle (UAV) was hit mid-air. The entire mission trajectory from the launch to plunging into the sea was monitored by various radars and electro-optico instruments.^[37]

On 27 March 2022, DRDO carried out two test of MRSAM at ITR Balasore. The test was against the high speed aerial target at long range. The missile destroyed the target in a direct hit. The first test was of medium altitude at long range target and second launch was for the capability of a low altitude at short range target.^[38]^[39]^[40] The test was the user trial for the Indian Army.^{[citation needed]}

Barak-8ER & Barak-ER

An ER (extended range) variant of the Barak 8 is under development, which will see the missiles maximum range increased to 150 km. Designed to engage multiple beyond visual range threats, the low launch signature Barak-8ER is understood to retain the same autopilot/inertial navigation system and active radar seeker guidance as the Barak-8, although some modifications to the software and to the missile control surfaces are likely. The booster increases the length of the missile at launch from its current 4.5 m to nearly 6 m, although the length in flight after the booster has been jettisoned may be slightly less than the base Barak-8 missile, if a TVC is not present. The missile diameter and fin spans are thought to be the same as the base Barak-8. The booster weight is currently unknown, although the missile's weight after the booster has been jettisoned is the same as that for the current Barak-8 configuration. Levy said that initial operational capability (IOC) for Barak-8ER will first be declared for the naval variant, followed by IOC for the land variant. He declined to comment on a launch customer for Barak-8ER, but noted "existing Barak-8 customers will be interested in this configuration because it offers additional capability to their current system".^[1]

Flight tests

On 14 May 2010, the LRSAM (also called Barak-II during that time) was successfully test fired at an electronic target and met its initial objectives.^[41] The second test of the missile was planned to be held in India sometime later that same year, stated on that same report.
On 10 November 2014, the Barak 8 was successfully test fired in Israel with all integrated operational components for both marine and land systems. "The current test validated all components of the weapon system to the satisfaction of the customer representatives," the statement said. It was the first involving a full operational scenario, the company said in a statement.^[42] The scenario began with launching the target. After being detected by the system's radar, the weapon system calculated the optimal interception point, launched the Barak 8 missile into its operational trajectory that acquired the target, and successfully intercepted it. All the weapon system's components met the test's goals successfully.^[43]
On 26 November 2015, a successful test was conducted against a fast-moving jet-powered drone by the Israeli Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Lahav. This was also the first test done from a naval ship, and also confirmed the range extension from the previous 70km to ~100km.^[44]^[6]
On 29 and 30 December 2015, the Indian Navy successfully test-fired Barak 8 LRSAM from INS Kolkata (D63).^[45]^[46] Two missiles were fired at high speed targets, during naval exercises undertaken in the Arabian Sea.^[47]^[48]

On 30 June 2016, India test-fired a land based version of the Barak 8 surface-to-air missile for the first time from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha, successfully hitting the target pilotless target aircraft (PTA) at 8:15 AM IST.^[49] the missile was again test fired for second time around noon where it again successfully hit a pilotless target aircraft over the Bay of Bengal. The test-firing of the missile was jointly carried out by Indian defence personnel, DRDO and IAI.^[50]^[51]^[52]^[53]
On 1 July 2016 the MR SAM (land based version) was tested for the third time from the ITR at Chandipur, at 10:26 AM IST and the missile successfully hit a pilotless target aircraft, proving its reliability.^[54]
On 20 September 2016, India successfully test fired the Barak-8. The long range missile was launched from a mobile launcher at the ITR in Chandipur at around 10:13 AM IST.^[55]
On 25 December 2016, Azerbaijan successfully tested the missile.^[56]
On 10 February 2017, Israel Aerospace Industries test fired the missile at sea to verify its capabilities.^[57]^[58]
On 16 May 2017, the Indian Navy successfully test fired the MRSAM variant from INS Kochi (D64).^[59]^[60]
On 29 November 2017, the Indian Navy test fired again the MRSAM from INS Kochi (D64).^[61]

INS *Kochi* firing a Barak-8 MRSAM variant

On 25 January 2019, the Indian Navy test fired the LRSAM from INS Chennai (D65) against an incoming aerial target flying at a low altitude.^[62]
In 2019 May 15, the MRSAM variant was first operated in their full Joint Taskforce Coordinating (JTC) mode by the Indian Navy via their 2 Kolkata-class destroyers: INS Kochi (D64) and INS Chennai (D65). The JTC mode implements the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) of the Barak-8 MRSAM system. Both ships launched the missiles but only 1 was doing the actual engagement role. The demonstration was done on India's western seaboard.^[5]
On 22 March 2021, Israel Aerospace Industries successfully test fired Barak ER (extended range) interceptor with 150 km range and 30 km altitude.
On 27 March 2022, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) conducted two successful flight tests of the Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha. The first launch was to intercept a medium altitude long range target and second launch was for proving the capability of a low altitude short range target.^[63]
On 30 March 2022, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) again conducted two successful flight tests of the Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha within 3 days. The launches were carried out establishing the accuracy and reliability of the weapon system against targets covering the sea skimming and high altitude functionality within the envelope. With the conclusion of flight trials for different ranges and scenarios, the system has completed its development trials.^[64]
In November 2022 the first successful test from a Sa’ar 6-class corvette was made.^[65]

Deployment

The Israeli Navy has commenced equipping its Sa'ar 5 corvettes with the system, the first re-fitted vessel being the INS Lahav. The Sa'ar 4.5 flotilla will be next for the upgrade.^[66] The Indian Navy has already deployed the missiles on Kolkata class-class destroyer, Visakhapatnam-class destroyers,^[46] and aircraft carrier INS Vikramaditya.^{[citation needed]}

Middle East Eye quoted an unnamed official from an unnamed country stating that a Barak 8 operated by the Azerbaijani Armed Forces intercepted an Iskander missile shot by Armenia towards Baku towards the end of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, adding that the firing of the Iskander convinced the Azerbaijan government to accept a ceasefire.^[67] Whether Armenia used any Iskanders during the war is disputed: there were reports on social media of Armenia using the Iskander, but Russia's defense ministry said Armenia didn't fire any Iskanders, and Azerbaijan stated it didn't detect any Iskander launches during the war.^[68]

The Indian Air Force got the first MRSAM system on 9 September 2021 which guards the Jaisalmer Air Force Station.^[69]

On 2 July 2022, Barak 8 missiles launched from the Sa'ar 5-class corvette INS Eilat shot down two reconnaissance UAVs operated by Hezbollah over the Israeli off-shore Karish gas field in the Mediterranean sea.^[70]

Operators

Current operators

Azerbaijan – Azerbaijan bought 12 Barak 8 missiles systems along with 75 missiles.^[71]^[72]^[73]
India – India has bought $5 billion worth of Barak 8 missiles for its Air Force, Navy and Army.^[74] Kolkata-class destroyers, Visakhapatnam-class destroyers,^[46] INS Vikramaditya, INS Vikrant and Nilgiri-class frigates^[75]^[76]
Israel – Israel's Sa'ar 5-class corvettes carry the newer Barak 8 missile system, instead of Barak 1. To that end, INS Lahav, a Sa'ar 5-class corvette live-fired the Barak 8 missile system, during a trial in late 2015. Subsequently, the navy will convert lighter Sa'ar 4.5-class corvettes in two to three years.^[66]
Morocco – confirmed $500 million contract for Barak MX air defense missile systems.^[77]

Potential operators

References

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External links

Barak 8 on the IAI website
Jane's Naval Weapons: Barak 1/2/8
Defense Industry Daily - India & Israel Introducing MR-SAM
Defense Update - Barak-8 MR-SAM program
The Indian Express (Oct 12/06) - What CBI does not say: Trishul a DRDO dud, that's why Barak deal
Barak SAM
IAI Barak 8 Video
Israel First Interception Test - Video
Indian Navy Barak 8 Test - Video 1
Indian Navy Barak 8 Test - Video 2

Template:IAI aircraft

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Infobox weapon
-| name               = Barak 8/ LR-SAM/ MR-SAM
+| name               = Barak 8 / LR-SAM / MR-SAM
 | image              = Salon du Bourget 20090619 077.jpg
 | image_size         =
 | alt                =
-| caption            =
+| caption            = Scale-model of the Barak-8ER concept unveiled at the 2009 Paris Air Show. Visible below is the addition of a large diameter 1st stage booster.<ref name="IAI enroute to Barak-8ER"/>
-| type               = Long-range [[surface-to-air missile]]
+| type               = [[surface-to-air missile]] (medium and long range)
-<!-- Type selection -->| service            = 2016−present<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-most-advanced-warship-to-get-the-missiles-that-were-missin-47266.html|title=India's most-advanced warship to get the missing Missiles|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926170943/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-most-advanced-warship-to-get-the-missiles-that-were-missin-47266.html|archive-date=26 September 2016}}</ref>
+<!-- Type selection -->| service            = 2016−present<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-most-advanced-warship-to-get-the-missiles-that-were-missin-47266.html|title=India's most-advanced warship to get the missing Missiles|date=5 February 2015 |access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926170943/http://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-most-advanced-warship-to-get-the-missiles-that-were-missin-47266.html|archive-date=26 September 2022}}</ref>
 | wars               = <!-- Production history -->
-| designer           = [[Israel Aerospace Industries]]<!-- for IAI --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/WATCH-IAI-carries-out-successful-trial-of-Barak-8-air-and-missile-defense-system-381342|title=WATCH: IAI carries out successful trial of Barak 8 air and missile defense system|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802120652/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/WATCH-IAI-carries-out-successful-trial-of-Barak-8-air-and-missile-defense-system-381342|archive-date=2 August 2016}}</ref><br/>[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]<!-- Infobox weapon now allows design groups in the designer section -->
+| designer           = [[Israel Aerospace Industries]]<!-- for IAI --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/WATCH-IAI-carries-out-successful-trial-of-Barak-8-air-and-missile-defense-system-381342|title=WATCH: IAI carries out successful trial of Barak 8 air and missile defense system|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802120652/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/WATCH-IAI-carries-out-successful-trial-of-Barak-8-air-and-missile-defense-system-381342|archive-date=2 August 2022}}</ref><br/>[[Defence Research and Development Organisation]]<!-- Infobox weapon now allows design groups in the designer section -->
 | number             =
 | spec_label         =
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 | height             =
 | diameter           = *{{cvt|0.225|m}} ''at main missile body''
-*{{cvt|0.54|m}}<ref name="flightglobal.com"/> ''1st stage rocket motor''
+*{{cvt|0.54|m}}<ref name="flightglobal.com"/> ''initial-stage rocket motor, Barak-8ER version''<ref name="IAI enroute to Barak-8ER"/>
 | passengers         =
 | origin             = [[India]], [[Israel]]
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 | production_date    = 2017−present
 | variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
-| weight             = {{convert|275|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite news |last1=Egozi |first1=Arie |title=Polish navy tests Barak-8 missile |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/ariel-view/2014/09/barak-8-missile-offered-polish-navy/ |work=Aerial View |publisher=Flightglobal |date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912073648/http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/ariel-view/2014/09/barak-8-missile-offered-polish-navy/ |archive-date=12 September 2014}}</ref>(w/out booster)
+| weight             = {{convert|275|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="flightglobal.com">{{cite news |last1=Egozi |first1=Arie |title=Polish navy tests Barak-8 missile |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/ariel-view/2014/09/barak-8-missile-offered-polish-navy/ |work=Aerial View |publisher=Flightglobal |date=4 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912073648/http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/ariel-view/2014/09/barak-8-missile-offered-polish-navy/ |archive-date=12 September 2022}}</ref>(w/out booster)
 | part_length        =
 | crew               =
-| detonation         = hard kill<ref name="Defense-Update"/>
+| detonation         = hard kill<ref name="1st JTC mode MRSAM demo, DefenseUpdate"/>
 | filling            = 60 kg<ref name="flightglobal.com"/>
 <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             =
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 | clearance          =
 | fuel_capacity      =
-| vehicle_range      = *{{cvt|0.5|&ndash;|70|km}}<ref name="Defense-Update"/> (single-stage rocket) version: ''Barak-8 MRSAM, Barak LRAD (IAI version)''
+| vehicle_range      = *0.5 km-70 km<ref name="1st JTC mode MRSAM demo, DefenseUpdate"/>(single-stage rocket) version: ''Barak-8 MRSAM, Barak LRAD"
-*0.5km-100 km<ref name="The Telegraph"/><ref name="The Times of India"/> (single stage rocket) version: ''Barak-8 LRSAM (IAI-DRDO version)''
+*0.5 km-100 km<ref name="The Telegraph"/><ref name="The Times of India"/> (single stage rocket) version: ''Barak-8 LRSAM"
-*?km-150 km<ref name="Defense-Update"/>version (2-stage rocket): ''Barak ER (IAI version)''
+*?km-150 km<ref name="1st JTC mode MRSAM demo, DefenseUpdate"/>(2-stage rocket) version: ''Barak ER''
-| speed              = * Mach 2<ref name="flightglobal.com"/>
+| speed              = * Mach 2<ref name="flightglobal.com"/> (LRSAM variant)
+* Mach 3+ <ref name="1st JTC mode MRSAM demo, DefenseUpdate"/> (MRSAM variant)
 | guidance           = *2-way datalink w/ WCS<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8"/>
-*Active [[Active radar homing|RF]] seeker<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8"/>
+*[[Active radar homing]]<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8"/>
-*INFRARED HOMING GUIDENCE{{Need citation|date=February 2020}}
+*Infrared Homing Guidance{{Need citation|date=February 2022}}
 | steering           = <!-- Missiles only -->
 | wingspan           = {{cvt|0.94|m}}<ref name="flightglobal.com"/>
 | propellant         =
-| ceiling            = *{{cvt|16|km}}{{Need citation|date=February 2020}}
+| ceiling            = *{{cvt|16|km}}{{Need citation|date=February 2022}}
-*{{cvt|20|km}}: ''Barak LRAD & MRAD (IAI versions)''
+*{{cvt|20|km}}: ''Barak LRAD & MRAD'
-*{{cvt|30|km}} ''Barak ER (IAI version)''
+*{{cvt|30|km}} ''Barak ER''
 | altitude           =
 | depth              =
@@ Line 64: / Line 65: @@
 }}
-'''Barak 8''' ({{lang-he|בָּרָק}}, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or as MR-SAM,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM)|url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lr-sam.htm|website = www.globalsecurity.org|access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122061754/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lr-sam.htm|archive-date = 2015-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Indo-Israeli LR Sam Test Fired Aboard Indian Warship|url = http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/international/asia-pacific/2015/12/30/indo-israeli-lr-sam-test-fired-aboard-indian-warship/78073524/|website = Defense News|access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160911/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4825492%2C00.html|archive-date = 2016-08-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2017/2/23/indias-modi-approves-25-billion-missile-deal-with-israel|title=India's Modi approves $2.5 billion missile deal with Israel|newspaper=JNS.org|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224133617/http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2017/2/23/indias-modi-approves-25-billion-missile-deal-with-israel|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref> is an Indo-Israeli jointly developed [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, [[anti-ship missile]]s, and [[unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]] as well as [[ballistic missile]]s,<ref name="Next-Gen: Barak-8">[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/india-israel-introducing-mr-sam-03461/ Next-Gen: Barak-8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223205006/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/india-israel-introducing-mr-sam-03461/ |date=2010-02-23 }}, defenseindustrydaily.com, Accessed 25 November 2014</ref> cruise missiles and combat jets.<ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/navy-successfully-test-fires-barak-8-long-range-missile-from-ins-kolkata/|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires Barak-8 long range missile from INS Kolkata|agency=The Indian Express|ref=Indianexpress|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190413/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/navy-successfully-test-fires-barak-8-long-range-missile-from-ins-kolkata/|archive-date=1 January 2016}}</ref> Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bourne|first1=Jason|title=The Barak Connection- India and Israel|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/the-barak-connection--india-and-israel/15774020.shtml|access-date=16 November 2014|publisher=merinews|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035431/http://www.merinews.com/article/the-barak-connection--india-and-israel/15774020.shtml|archive-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
+'''Barak 8''' ({{lang-he|בָּרָק}}, lit. "Lightning"), also known as LR-SAM or as MR-SAM,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM)|url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lr-sam.htm|website = www.globalsecurity.org|access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151122061754/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/lr-sam.htm|archive-date = 2015-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Indo-Israeli LR Sam Test Fired Aboard Indian Warship|url = http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/international/asia-pacific/2015/12/30/indo-israeli-lr-sam-test-fired-aboard-indian-warship/78073524/|website = Defense News| date=30 December 2015 |access-date = 2016-01-16|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160911/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4825492%2C00.html|archive-date = 2016-08-11}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2017/2/23/indias-modi-approves-25-billion-missile-deal-with-israel|title=India's Modi approves $2.5 billion missile deal with Israel|newspaper=JNS.org|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224133617/http://www.jns.org/news-briefs/2017/2/23/indias-modi-approves-25-billion-missile-deal-with-israel|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref> is an Indo-Israeli jointly developed [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) system, designed to defend against any type of airborne threat including aircraft, helicopters, [[anti-ship missile]]s, and [[unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]] as well as [[ballistic missile]]s,<ref name="Next-Gen: Barak-8">[http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/india-israel-introducing-mr-sam-03461/ Next-Gen: Barak-8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223205006/http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/india-israel-introducing-mr-sam-03461/ |date=2010-02-23 }}, defenseindustrydaily.com, Accessed 25 November 2014</ref> cruise missiles and combat jets.<ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/navy-successfully-test-fires-barak-8-long-range-missile-from-ins-kolkata/|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires Barak-8 long range missile from INS Kolkata|agency=The Indian Express|ref=Indianexpress|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101190413/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/navy-successfully-test-fires-barak-8-long-range-missile-from-ins-kolkata/|archive-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> Both maritime and land-based variants of the system exist.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bourne|first1=Jason|title=The Barak Connection- India and Israel|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/the-barak-connection--india-and-israel/15774020.shtml|access-date=16 November 2014|publisher=merinews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035431/http://www.merinews.com/article/the-barak-connection--india-and-israel/15774020.shtml|archive-date=29 November 2022}}</ref>
 Barak 8 was jointly developed by India's [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research & Development Organisation]] (DRDO)  and [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] (IAI). The Barak 8 missile defence system is produced by Israel's ''Directorate of Research and Development'' (DDR&D), [[Elta Systems]], [[Rafael Advanced Defense Systems]] and India's [[Bharat Dynamics Limited|Bharat Dynamics limited]] (BDL).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/indiaisrael-codeveloped-mrsam-missile-successfully-testfired-1467289609-1|title=India-Israel co-developed Barak-8 missile successfully test-fired|date=2016-06-30|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=2019-09-24}}</ref>
@@ Line 70: / Line 71: @@
 ==Background==
 Barak 8 is loosely based on the original [[Barak 1]] missile and is expected to feature a more advanced seeker, alongside range extensions that will move it closer to medium range naval systems like the [[RIM-162 ESSM]] or even the [[SM-2 Standard]]. Israel successfully tested the improved Barak II missile on July 30, 2009. The radar system provides 360 degree coverage and the missiles can take down an incoming missile as close as 500 meters away from the ship. Each Barak system (missile container, radar, computers and installation) costs about $24 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=India, Israel tie up on next-gen Barak missiles in 2000 |author=Shiv Aroor |publisher=ExpressIndia.com |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=62510 |date=2006-02-07 |access-date=2008-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510052719/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=62510 |archive-date=2008-05-10 }}</ref> In November 2009 Israel signed a $1.1 billion contract to supply an upgraded tactical Barak 8 air defence system to India.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-43809220091109 | work=Reuters | title=India buys upgraded Israeli air defences for $1.1bn | date=2009-11-09 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307020658/http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-43809220091109 | archive-date=2010-03-07 }}</ref> In May 2017, India placed an order of $630 million for four ships of the Indian Navy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-aerospace-gets-630m-missile-defense-deal-for-indian-navy/|title=Israel Aerospace gets $630m missile defense deal for Indian Navy|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=2017-05-21|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521143031/http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-aerospace-gets-630m-missile-defense-deal-for-indian-navy/|archive-date=2017-05-21}}</ref> In September 2018, [[Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited|MDL]] and [[Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers|GRSE]] awarded [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] with a $1.28 billion contract to supply seven Barak-8 air defence systems for [[Project 17A-class frigate]]s. In October 2018, Bharat Electronics Limited signed a $777 million deal with Israel Aerospace Industries to help fulfil the Barak-8 order.<ref name="iai-bel-order">{{cite news |last1=Dominguez |first1=Gabriel |title=IAI wins USD777 million contract to supply additional Barak-8 LRSAM systems for Indian Navy |url=https://www.janes.com/article/84016/iai-wins-usd777-million-contract-to-supply-additional-barak-8-lrsam-systems-for-indian-navy/ |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024175410/https://www.janes.com/article/84016/iai-wins-usd777-million-contract-to-supply-additional-barak-8-lrsam-systems-for-indian-navy/ |archive-date=24 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-Parallel to the Barak-8, IAI has completed development and is manufacturing the Barak MX system that broadens the Barak into a multi-layered air defense system employing unified smart launchers carrying Short, Medium, and Extended-Range interceptors. The Smart Launcher supports flexible deployment architecture for land and naval applications. Unlike the Barak-8 system, the interceptors, and sensors were developed exclusively by IAI to meet specific requirements from domestic and foreign customers.<ref name="Barak MX System">{{cite news |title=Barak MX System https://www.iai.co.il/p/barak-mx-system/ }}</ref>
+Parallel to the Barak-8, IAI has completed development and is manufacturing the Barak MX system that broadens the Barak into a multi-layered air defense system employing unified smart launchers carrying Short, Medium, and Extended-Range interceptors. The Smart Launcher supports flexible deployment architecture for land and naval applications. Unlike the Barak-8 system, the interceptors, and sensors were developed exclusively by IAI to meet specific requirements from domestic and foreign customers.<ref name="Barak MX System">{{cite web |title=Barak MX System |url=https://www.iai.co.il/p/barak-mx-system/ |website=IAI}}</ref>
-==Design==
+The missile is expected to equip the Indian Navy's future [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class destroyer]]s and [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|''Nilgiri''-class frigate]].<ref>[http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles/ Naval Barak-8 Missiles, Israel, India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808005150/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles |date=2012-08-08 }}, naval-technology.com, Accessed 25 November 2014</ref><ref>[http://defense-update.com/20111121_barak-8-mr-sam-test-program-to-begin-in-early-2012.html#.VHSJeousV-6 Barak 8 / MR-SAM Test Program to Begin in Early 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216151237/http://defense-update.com/20111121_barak-8-mr-sam-test-program-to-begin-in-early-2012.html |date=2014-12-16 }}, {{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/ |title=Defense Update - Military and Defense Technology News |access-date=2012-01-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129135320/http://defense-update.com/ |archive-date=2012-01-29 }}, 21 November 2011</ref>
+==Design (LRSAM)==
 [[File:Barak 8 launcher.jpg|thumb|Barak 8 launcher module]]
-The Barak 8 has a length of about 4.5 meters, a diameter of 0.225 meters at missile body, and 0.54 meters at the booster stage, a wingspan of 0.94 meters and weighs 275&nbsp;kg including a 60&nbsp;kg warhead which detonates at proximity. The missile has maximum speed of Mach 3 <ref name="Defense-Update">{{cite news|url=https://defense-update.com/20190517_indian-navy-demonstrates-mrsam-cooperative-engagement-capability.html|title=Indian Navy Demonstrates 'MRSAM 'Cooperative Engagement' Capability |website=defense-update.com |date=May 17, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> with a maximum operational range of 70&nbsp;km,<ref name="IndianExpress"/><ref name="NDTVBarak8">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/barak-8-missile-to-be-test-fired-this-month-1202954|title=Barak 8 Missile to Be Test-Fired This Month|date=2 August 2015|agency=NDTV|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072656/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/barak-8-missile-to-be-test-fired-this-month-1202954|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="IHSJanesBarak8">{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/article/48810/indian-navy-to-start-fitting-barak-8-naval-sam-by-end-of-year|title=Indian Navy to start fitting Barak-8 naval SAM by end of year|date=8 February 2015|agency=IHS Janes|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806105535/http://www.janes.com/article/48810/indian-navy-to-start-fitting-barak-8-naval-sam-by-end-of-year|archive-date=6 August 2015}}</ref> which was later increased to ~90km,<ref name=IHSJanesBarak82015>{{cite news|title=India commissions second Kolkata-class destroyer|url=http://www.janes.com/article/54950/india-commissions-second-kolkata-class-destroyer|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|date=29 September 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123044942/http://www.janes.com/article/54950/india-commissions-second-kolkata-class-destroyer|archive-date=23 January 2016}}</ref> which ''again'' was later ''further increased'' to 100&nbsp;km.<ref name="The Telegraph">[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp#.VoO8K0vraSE Israel ship missile test for India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104040421/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp |date=2016-11-04 }}, The Telegraph, 28 November 2015</ref><ref name="The Times of India">[http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms Gen Next missile defence shield built by Israel and India clears first hurdle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202081522/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms |date=2015-12-02 }}, The Times of India, 28 November 2015</ref> Barak 8 features a dual pulse rocket motor as well as [[Thrust vector control]],<ref name="janes.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/53532/iai-en-route-to-extended-range-barak-8er|title=IAI en route to extended range Barak-8ER - IHS Jane's 360|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808031154/http://www.janes.com/article/53532/iai-en-route-to-extended-range-barak-8er|archive-date=8 August 2016}}</ref> and possesses high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range. A second motor is fired during the terminal phase, at which stage the [[active radar seeker]] is activated to home in on to the enemy track. Barak 8 has been designed to counter a wide variety of air-borne threats, such as; anti-ship missiles, aircraft, UAVs drones and supersonic missiles<ref>{{Cite web|url =http://www.iai.co.il/2013/34408-36713-en/IAI.aspx|title =Naval Barak-8|url-status =live|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150427133217/http://www.iai.co.il/2013/34408-36713-en/IAI.aspx|archive-date =2015-04-27}}</ref> When coupled with a modern air-defence system and multi-function surveillance track and guidance radars, (such as the [[EL/M-2248 MF-STAR]] [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] on board the [[Kolkata-class destroyer]]s) Barak 8 enables the capability to simultaneously engage multiple targets during saturation attacks.<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8">[http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf IAI PDF - Barak 8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706174836/http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf |date=2015-07-06 }}, iai.co.il</ref>
+The Barak 8 has a length of about 4.5 meters, a diameter of 0.225 meters at missile body, and 0.54 meters at the booster stage, a wingspan of 0.94 meters and weighs 275&nbsp;kg including a 60&nbsp;kg warhead which detonates at proximity. The missile has maximum speed of Mach 2<ref name="flightglobal.com"/> with a maximum operational range of 70&nbsp;km,<ref name="IndianExpress"/><ref name="NDTVBarak8">{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/barak-8-missile-to-be-test-fired-this-month-1202954|title=Barak 8 Missile to Be Test-Fired This Month|date=2 August 2015|agency=NDTV|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072656/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/barak-8-missile-to-be-test-fired-this-month-1202954|archive-date=4 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="IHSJanesBarak8">{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/article/48810/indian-navy-to-start-fitting-barak-8-naval-sam-by-end-of-year|title=Indian Navy to start fitting Barak-8 naval SAM by end of year|date=8 February 2015|agency=IHS Janes|access-date=30 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806105535/http://www.janes.com/article/48810/indian-navy-to-start-fitting-barak-8-naval-sam-by-end-of-year|archive-date=6 August 2022}}</ref> which was later increased to ~90km,<ref name=IHSJanesBarak82015>{{cite news|title=India commissions second Kolkata-class destroyer|url=http://www.janes.com/article/54950/india-commissions-second-kolkata-class-destroyer|work=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|publisher=Jane's Information Group|date=29 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123044942/http://www.janes.com/article/54950/india-commissions-second-kolkata-class-destroyer|archive-date=23 January 2022}}</ref> which was later further increased to 100&nbsp;km.<ref name="The Telegraph">[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp#.VoO8K0vraSE Israel ship missile test for India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104040421/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1151128/jsp/nation/story_55591.jsp |date=2016-11-04 }}, The Telegraph, 28 November 2015</ref><ref name="The Times of India">[http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms Gen Next missile defence shield built by Israel and India clears first hurdle] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202081522/http://m.timesofindia.com/india/Gen-Next-missile-defence-shield-built-by-Israel-and-India-clears-first-hurdle/articleshow/49955127.cms |date=2015-12-02 }}, The Times of India, 28 November 2015</ref> Barak 8 features a dual pulse rocket motor as well as [[thrust vector control]],<ref name="IAI enroute to Barak-8ER"/> and possesses high degrees of maneuverability at target interception range. A second motor is fired during the terminal phase, at which stage the [[active radar seeker]] is activated to home in on to the enemy track. Barak 8 has been designed to counter a wide variety of airborne threats, such as anti-ship missiles, aircraft, UAVs drones and supersonic missiles.<ref>{{Cite web|url =http://www.iai.co.il/2013/34408-36713-en/IAI.aspx|title =Naval Barak-8|url-status =live|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150427133217/http://www.iai.co.il/2013/34408-36713-en/IAI.aspx|archive-date =2015-04-27}}</ref> When coupled with a modern air-defence system and multi-function surveillance track and guidance radars, such as the [[EL/M-2248 MF-STAR]] [[Active electronically scanned array|AESA]] on board [[Kolkata-class destroyer|''Kolkata''-class destroyer]]s, Barak 8 enables the capability to simultaneously engage multiple targets during saturation attacks.<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8">[http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf IAI PDF - Barak 8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706174836/http://www.iai.co.il/sip_storage/FILES/2/35042.pdf |date=2015-07-06 }}, iai.co.il</ref>
 [[Israel Aerospace Industries]] describe Barak 8 as "an advanced, long-range missile defense and air defense system" with its main features being:<ref name="IAI PDF - Barak 8"/><ref>[http://www.iai.co.il/34408-36713-en/BusinessAreas_NavalSystems_NavalBarak8.aspx IAI - Naval Barak 8] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207202525/http://www.iai.co.il/34408-36713-en/BusinessAreas_NavalSystems_NavalBarak8.aspx |date=2012-02-07 }} [[Israel Aerospace Industries]]</ref>
@@ Line 89: / Line 92: @@
 == MRSAM ==
-''MRSAM'' is the land based configuration of the missile. It consists of a command and control system, tracking radar, missile and mobile launcher systems. Each launcher will have eight such missiles in two stacks and are launched in a canister configuration. The system is also fitted with an advanced radio frequency (RF) seeker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pm-modi-clears-deal-india-army-acquire-vital-air-defence-systems-israel-soon-717125|title=India clears deal; army to acquire air defence systems from Israel soon|last=Bhat|first=Aditya|newspaper=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224011717/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pm-modi-clears-deal-india-army-acquire-vital-air-defence-systems-israel-soon-717125|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
+MRSAM is the land based configuration of the missile. It consists of a command and control system, tracking radar, missile and mobile launcher systems. Each launcher will have eight such missiles in two stacks and are launched in a canister configuration. The system is also fitted with an advanced radio frequency (RF) Seeker. It has a range of 70Kms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pm-modi-clears-deal-india-army-acquire-vital-air-defence-systems-israel-soon-717125|title=India clears deal; army to acquire air defence systems from Israel soon|last=Bhat|first=Aditya|newspaper=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224011717/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/pm-modi-clears-deal-india-army-acquire-vital-air-defence-systems-israel-soon-717125|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref name=":1" />
-The Indian Army ordered five regiments of this version, which consists of about 40 launchers and 200 missiles for {{INRConvert|17000|c}}. It is expected to be deployed by 2023 with first deliveries commencing in 2020. It has a range between 50 km to 70 km.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/indias-modi-approves-nis-9-4-billion-missile-deal-with-israel/|title=India's Modi approves NIS 9.4 billion missile deal with Israel|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224024405/http://www.timesofisrael.com/indias-modi-approves-nis-9-4-billion-missile-deal-with-israel/|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/69434/india-signs-mrsam-deal|title=India signs MRSAM deal {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2017-04-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101222/http://www.janes.com/article/69434/india-signs-mrsam-deal|archive-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/boost-to-armys-air-power-to-get-medium-range-missile-by-2020/articleshow/60244300.cms|title=Boost to Army's air power; to get medium range missile by 2020 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece|archive-date=2017-08-27}}</ref>
+In a 1 July 2010 report, replying to a query on the Indo-Israeli joint venture to develop a '''medium''' range surface-to-air missile, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] chief V. K. Saraswat told ''[[The Economic Times]]'' "More than 70 per cent of the content in the missile being developed with Israel would be indigenous."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6115479.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Politics/Nation | date=2010-07-01 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811214042/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6115479.cms | archive-date=2010-08-11 }}</ref>
-In July 2019, the Indian Army and Air Force awarded a $100 million contract to produce 1,000 MR-SAMs to [[Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems]] (KRAS), a joint venture between the [[Kalyani Group]] and Rafael.<ref name="1000barak">{{cite web |title=Kalyani Rafael gets $100-million order for BARAK-8 missile kits |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2019/07/11/kalyani-rafael-gets-100-million-order-barak-8-missiles-kits.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rafael.co.il/press/kras-receives-100-m-order-from-rafael-to-supply-barak-8-mrsam-missile-kits-for-the-indian-army-and-air-force/ |title=KRAS receives $100 M Order from RAFAEL to supply Barak-8/ MRSAM missile kits for the Indian Army and Air Force|date= 19 July 2019|access-date=2022-01-27 |website=www.rafael.co.il}}</ref> The missiles are manufactured at Kalyani Rafael's plant in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, and then sent to Bharat Dynamics Limited for further integration. KRAS announced that it had begun delivery of the first batch of MR-SAMs on 16 March 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaliawala |first=Nehal |title=Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems rolls out the first batch of indigenous missiles for Indian Army |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/kalyani-rafael-advanced-systems-rolls-out-the-first-batch-of-indigenous-missiles-for-indian-army/articleshow/81534091.cms |access-date=2022-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=KRAS making advanced defence systems |url=https://telanganatoday.com/kras-making-advanced-defence-systems |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
+The Indian Army ordered five regiments (40 launchers) of this version, which consists of 8 launcher vehicles each, and 200 missiles for {{INRConvert|17000|c}}.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/indias-modi-approves-nis-9-4-billion-missile-deal-with-israel/|title=India's Modi approves NIS 9.4 billion missile deal with Israel|newspaper=The Times of Israel|access-date=2017-02-24|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224024405/http://www.timesofisrael.com/indias-modi-approves-nis-9-4-billion-missile-deal-with-israel/|archive-date=2017-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/69434/india-signs-mrsam-deal|title=India signs MRSAM deal {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2017-04-18|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419101222/http://www.janes.com/article/69434/india-signs-mrsam-deal|archive-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/boost-to-armys-air-power-to-get-medium-range-missile-by-2020/articleshow/60244300.cms|title=Boost to Army's air power; to get medium range missile by 2020 - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-08-27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221431/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/more-akash-systems-for-army/article18620841.ece|archive-date=2017-08-27}}</ref>
-On 23rd November 2020, It was successfully tested, An unmanned air vehicle (UAV), [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] was hit mid-air accurately. The entire mission trajectory from the launch to plunging into the sea was monitored by various radars and electro-optico instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-successfully-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-off-odisha-coast-120122300912_1.html|title=India successfully test-fires surface-to air missile off Odisha coast|work=Business Standard}}</ref>
+In July 2019, the Indian Army and Air Force awarded a $100 million contract to produce 1,000 MRSAM to [[Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems]] (KRAS), a joint venture between the [[Kalyani Group]] and Rafael.<ref name="1000barak">{{cite web |title=Kalyani Rafael gets $100-million order for BARAK-8 missile kits |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/2019/07/11/kalyani-rafael-gets-100-million-order-barak-8-missiles-kits.html |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rafael.co.il/press/kras-receives-100-m-order-from-rafael-to-supply-barak-8-mrsam-missile-kits-for-the-indian-army-and-air-force/ |title=KRAS receives $100 M Order from RAFAEL to supply Barak-8/ MRSAM missile kits for the Indian Army and Air Force|date= 19 July 2019|access-date=2022-01-27 |website=www.rafael.co.il}}</ref> The missiles are manufactured at Kalyani Rafael's plant in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, and then sent to Bharat Dynamics Limited for further integration. KRAS announced that it had begun delivery of the first batch of MRSAM on 16 March 2021 to the Indian Air Force. The Air Force has placed order for 18 squadrons with 3 launcher vehicles, carrying 8 missiles each.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chaliawala |first=Nehal |title=Kalyani Rafael Advanced Systems rolls out the first batch of indigenous missiles for Indian Army |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/kalyani-rafael-advanced-systems-rolls-out-the-first-batch-of-indigenous-missiles-for-indian-army/articleshow/81534091.cms |access-date=2022-01-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-16 |title=KRAS making advanced defence systems |url=https://telanganatoday.com/kras-making-advanced-defence-systems |access-date=2022-01-27 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref>
-On 27th March 2022, DRDO carried out two test of MRSAM at ITR Balasore. The test was against the high speed aerial target at long range. The missile destroyed the target in a direct hit. The first test was of medium altitude at long range target and second launch was for the capability of a low altitude at short range target.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1810241|title=DRDO successfully flight tests Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile off Odisha coast|date=27 March 2022|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://m.timesofindia.com/india/army-successfully-testfires-mrsam-air-defence-missile-scores-direct-hit-at-target/amp_articleshow/90473147.cms|title=Army successfully testfires MRSAM air defence missile, scores direct hit at target|website=Times of India|date= 27 March 2022|access-date= 27 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-tests-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-destroys-target-in-direct-hit-101648366434983-amp.html|title=India tests medium-range surface-to-air missile, destroys target in direct hit|date=27 March 2022|website= Hindustan Times| access-date= 27 March 2022}}</ref> The test was user trial for the Indian Army.
+On 23 November 2020, the missile was successfully tested when a [[Meggitt Banshee|Banshee]] unmanned air vehicle (UAV) was hit mid-air. The entire mission trajectory from the launch to plunging into the sea was monitored by various radars and electro-optico instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-successfully-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-off-odisha-coast-120122300912_1.html|title=India successfully test-fires surface-to air missile off Odisha coast|work=Business Standard|date=23 December 2020 }}</ref>
-==LRSAM (Barak-8ER)==
+On 27 March 2022, DRDO carried out two test of MRSAM at ITR Balasore. The test was against the high speed aerial target at long range. The missile destroyed the target in a direct hit. The first test was of medium altitude at long range target and second launch was for the capability of a low altitude at short range target.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1810241|title=DRDO successfully flight tests Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile off Odisha coast|date=27 March 2022|access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://m.timesofindia.com/india/army-successfully-testfires-mrsam-air-defence-missile-scores-direct-hit-at-target/amp_articleshow/90473147.cms|title=Army successfully testfires MRSAM air defence missile, scores direct hit at target|website=Times of India|date= 27 March 2022|access-date= 27 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-tests-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-destroys-target-in-direct-hit-101648366434983-amp.html|title=India tests medium-range surface-to-air missile, destroys target in direct hit|date=27 March 2022|website= Hindustan Times| access-date= 27 March 2022}}</ref> The test was the user trial for the Indian Army.{{Cn|date=December 2022}}
-{{Update|section|date = November 2019}}
-An ER (extended range) variant of the Barak 8 is under development, which will see the missiles maximum range increased to 150&nbsp;km.<ref name="janes.com"/> Designed to engage multiple beyond visual range threats, the low launch signature Barak-8ER is understood to retain the same autopilot/inertial navigation system and active radar seeker guidance as the Barak-8, although some modifications to the software and to the missile control surfaces are likely. The booster increases the length of the missile at launch from its current 4.5 m to nearly 6 m, although the length in flight after the booster has been jettisoned may be slightly less than the base Barak-8 missile, if a [[Thrust_vector_control|TVC]] is not present. The missile diameter and fin spans are thought to be the same as the base Barak-8. The booster weight is currently unknown, although the missile's weight after the booster has been jettisoned is the same as that for the current Barak-8 configuration.
-Levy said that initial operational capability (IOC) for Barak-8ER will first be declared for the naval variant, followed by IOC for the land variant. He declined to comment on a launch customer for Barak-8ER, but noted "existing Barak-8 customers will be interested in this configuration because it offers additional capability to their current system".<ref name="janes.com"/> The missile is expected to equip the Indian Navy's future [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer]]s and [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|Nilgiri-class frigate]].<ref>[http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles/ Naval Barak-8 Missiles, Israel, India] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808005150/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/naval-barak-8-surface-air-missiles |date=2012-08-08 }}, naval-technology.com, Accessed 25 November 2014</ref><ref>[http://defense-update.com/20111121_barak-8-mr-sam-test-program-to-begin-in-early-2012.html#.VHSJeousV-6 Barak 8 / MR-SAM Test Program to Begin in Early 2012] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216151237/http://defense-update.com/20111121_barak-8-mr-sam-test-program-to-begin-in-early-2012.html |date=2014-12-16 }}, {{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-01-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129135320/http://defense-update.com/ |archive-date=2012-01-29 }}, 21 November 2011</ref>
+==Barak-8ER & Barak-ER==
+{{Update|section|date = November 2022}}
-Israel has completed the test of a new Barak 8 Extended-range interceptor that can destroy a target 150 km away on 22 March, 2021. The extended range interceptor reaches an altitude of 30 kilometers (18.6 miles). “The combination of several interceptors in a unified launcher and the inherent modularity of the Barak system provide an optimal response for the future battlefield,” IAI president and CEO Boaz Levy said in a statement after the test. The missile has been designed to shoot down aircraft, helicopters, drones, anti-ship missiles, ballistic missiles, and cruise missiles.
+An ER (extended range) variant of the Barak 8 is under development, which will see the missiles maximum range increased to 150&nbsp;km. Designed to engage multiple beyond visual range threats, the low launch signature Barak-8ER is understood to retain the same autopilot/inertial navigation system and active radar seeker guidance as the Barak-8, although some modifications to the software and to the missile control surfaces are likely. The booster increases the length of the missile at launch from its current 4.5 m to nearly 6 m, although the length in flight after the booster has been jettisoned may be slightly less than the base Barak-8 missile, if a [[Thrust_vector_control|TVC]] is not present. The missile diameter and fin spans are thought to be the same as the base Barak-8. The booster weight is currently unknown, although the missile's weight after the booster has been jettisoned is the same as that for the current Barak-8 configuration. Levy said that initial operational capability (IOC) for Barak-8ER will first be declared for the naval variant, followed by IOC for the land variant. He declined to comment on a launch customer for Barak-8ER, but noted "existing Barak-8 customers will be interested in this configuration because it offers additional capability to their current system".<ref name="IAI enroute to Barak-8ER">{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/article/53532/iai-en-route-to-extended-range-barak-8er |title=IAI en route to extended range Barak-8ER - IHS Jane's 360 |date=2015-08-10 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808031154/http://www.janes.com/article/53532/iai-en-route-to-extended-range-barak-8er|archive-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>
 ==Flight tests==
-[[File:INS Kolkata firing a Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile.png|thumb|[[INS Kolkata]] firing a Barak 8 missile]]
+* On 14 May 2010, the LRSAM (also called ''Barak-II'' during that time) was successfully test fired at an [[electronic target]] and met its initial objectives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/99283/India/Indo-Israeli%20missile%20successfully%20test-fired:%20DRDO%20chief.html|title=Indo-Israeli missile successfully test-fired: DRDO chief |website=India Today |date=2010-05-28}}</ref> The second test of the missile was planned to be held in India sometime later that same year, stated on that same report.
-[[File:INS Kochi test fires a Medium Range Surface to Air Missile, 2019 (1).jpg|thumb|[[INS Kochi]] firing a Barak 8 missile]]
+* On 10 November 2014, the Barak 8 was successfully test fired in Israel with all integrated operational components for both marine and land systems. "The current test validated all components of the weapon system to the satisfaction of the customer representatives," the statement said. It was the first involving a full operational scenario, the company said in a statement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/successful_comprehensive_trial_for_iais_barak-8_defense_missile_system_.html |title=Successful comprehensive trial for IAI's Barak-8 defense missile system |website=www.armyrecognition.com |date=2014-11-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114022235/http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/successful_comprehensive_trial_for_iais_barak-8_defense_missile_system_.html |archive-date=November 14, 2014 }}</ref> The scenario began with launching the target. After being detected by the system's radar, the weapon system calculated the optimal interception point, launched the Barak 8 missile into its operational trajectory that acquired the target, and successfully intercepted it. All the weapon system's components met the test's goals successfully.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/november-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2169-israel-aerospace-industries-iai-successfully-tested-the-barak-8-air-a-missile-defense-system.html |title=Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Successfully Tested the Barak-8 Air & Missile Defense System |website=www.navyrecognition.com|date=2014-11-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022831/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/november-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2169-israel-aerospace-industries-iai-successfully-tested-the-barak-8-air-a-missile-defense-system.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 }}</ref>
-* In May 2010, the Barak-II missile was successfully test fired at an [[electronic target]] and met its initial objectives. The second test of the missile was to be held in India later in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/99283/India/Indo-Israeli%20missile%20successfully%20test-fired:%20DRDO%20chief.html|title=Indo-Israeli missile successfully test-fired: DRDO chief|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160911/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4825492%2C00.html|archive-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>  "More than 70 per cent of the content in the [[Missile]] being developed with [[Israel]] would be indigenous." [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|DRDO]] chief V. K. Saraswat told [[The Economic Times]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6115479.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Politics/Nation | date=2010-07-01 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811214042/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6115479.cms | archive-date=2010-08-11 }}</ref>
+*On 26 November 2015, a successful test was conducted against a fast-moving jet-powered drone by the Israeli Sa'ar 5-class corvette [[INS Lahav|INS ''Lahav'']]. This was also the first test done from a naval ship, and also confirmed the range extension from the previous 70km to ~100km.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/israel-tests-barak-8-missile-co-developed-with-india/|title=Israel tests Barak-8 missile co-developed with India|date=27 November 2015|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404025643/http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/israel-tests-barak-8-missile-co-developed-with-india/|archive-date=4 April 2022}}</ref><ref name="The Telegraph"/>
-* On 10 November 2014 the Barak 8 was successfully test fired in Israel with all integrated operational components for both the marine & land system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/successful_comprehensive_trial_for_iais_barak-8_defense_missile_system_.html |title=Successful comprehensive trial for IAI's Barak-8 defense missile system |date=November 11, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114022235/http://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/successful_comprehensive_trial_for_iais_barak-8_defense_missile_system_.html |archive-date=November 14, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/november-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2169-israel-aerospace-industries-iai-successfully-tested-the-barak-8-air-a-missile-defense-system.html |title=Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) Successfully Tested the Barak-8 Air & Missile Defense System |date=November 13, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022831/http://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/year-2014-news/november-2014-navy-naval-forces-maritime-industry-technology-security-global-news/2169-israel-aerospace-industries-iai-successfully-tested-the-barak-8-air-a-missile-defense-system.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 }}</ref>
+* On 29 and 30 December 2015, the Indian Navy successfully test-fired Barak 8 LRSAM from [[INS Kolkata|INS ''Kolkata'' (D63)]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Indian Navy test-fires surface-to-air missile developed with Israel|url = http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-navy-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-developed-with-israel/16815191|website = mid-day| date=29 December 2015 |access-date = 2015-12-29|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080236/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-navy-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-developed-with-israel/16815191|archive-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title = Indian Navy test-fires missile developed with Israel| newspaper=Business Standard India | date=29 December 2015 |url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-navy-test-fires-missile-developed-with-israel-115122900967_1.html|access-date = 2015-12-29|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151231220739/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-navy-test-fires-missile-developed-with-israel-115122900967_1.html|archive-date = 2015-12-31}}</ref> Two missiles were fired at high speed targets, during naval exercises undertaken in the Arabian Sea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires surface-to-air missile Barak-8 |url=http://www.brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navy-successfully-test-fires-surfacetoair-missile-Barak8/14524/1/10.html |website=www.brahmand.com |access-date=2015-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108204419/http://brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navy-successfully-test-fires-surfacetoair-missile-Barak8/14524/1/10.html |archive-date=2016-01-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Proud Moment. Indian Navy Tests The Most Formidable Missile In Its Arsenal|url = http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/proud-moment-indian-navy-tests-the-most-formidable-missile-in-its-arsenal-248917.html|website = indiatimes.com| date=30 December 2015 |access-date = 2015-12-30|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151230233030/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/proud-moment-indian-navy-tests-the-most-formidable-missile-in-its-arsenal-248917.html|archive-date = 2015-12-30}}</ref>
-*In 2015 November 26, a successful test was conducted against a fast-moving jet-powered drone by an Israeli Sa'ar5-type corvette [[INS Lahav]]. This was also the first test done from a naval ship, and also confirmed the range extension from the previous 70km to ~100km.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/israel-tests-barak-8-missile-co-developed-with-india/|title=Israel tests Barak-8 missile co-developed with India|date=27 November 2015|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404025643/http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/israel-tests-barak-8-missile-co-developed-with-india/|archive-date=4 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="The Telegraph"/>
+[[File:INS Kolkata firing a Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile.png|thumb|[[INS Kolkata|INS ''Kolkata'']] firing a Barak 8 LRSAM]]
-* In 2015 December 29 & 30, the Indian Navy successfully test-fired Barak 8 from [[INS Kolkata]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Indian Navy test-fires surface-to-air missile developed with Israel|url = http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-navy-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-developed-with-israel/16815191|website = mid-day|access-date = 2015-12-29|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080236/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/indian-navy-test-fires-surface-to-air-missile-developed-with-israel/16815191|archive-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Indian Navy test-fires missile developed with Israel|url = http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-navy-test-fires-missile-developed-with-israel-115122900967_1.html|access-date = 2015-12-29|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151231220739/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-navy-test-fires-missile-developed-with-israel-115122900967_1.html|archive-date = 2015-12-31}}</ref> Two missiles were fired at high speed targets, during naval exercises being undertaken in the Arabian Sea.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires surface-to-air missile Barak-8 |url=http://www.brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navy-successfully-test-fires-surfacetoair-missile-Barak8/14524/1/10.html |website=www.brahmand.com |access-date=2015-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108204419/http://brahmand.com/news/Indian-Navy-successfully-test-fires-surfacetoair-missile-Barak8/14524/1/10.html |archive-date=2016-01-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Proud Moment. Indian Navy Tests The Most Formidable Missile In Its Arsenal|url = http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/proud-moment-indian-navy-tests-the-most-formidable-missile-in-its-arsenal-248917.html|website = indiatimes.com|access-date = 2015-12-30|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151230233030/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/proud-moment-indian-navy-tests-the-most-formidable-missile-in-its-arsenal-248917.html|archive-date = 2015-12-30}}</ref>
+* On 30 June 2016, India test-fired a land based version of the Barak 8 surface-to-air missile for the first time from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in [[Chandipur, Odisha]], successfully hitting the target pilotless target aircraft (PTA) at 8:15 AM IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/barak-8-missile-test-fired-from-chandipur-153434/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160724182809/http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/barak-8-missile-test-fired-from-chandipur-153434/|title=Barak-8 missile test-fired from Chandipur|archive-date=July 24, 2022}}</ref> the missile was again test fired for second time around noon where it again successfully hit a pilotless target aircraft over the Bay of Bengal. The test-firing of the missile was jointly carried out by Indian defence personnel, DRDO and IAI.<ref name="successful test">{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/indias-newly-developed-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-launched-off-odisha-coast_1901785.html|title=India's newly developed surface-to-air missile 'Barak- 8' successfully test-fired off Odisha coast|date=2016-06-30|access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701142620/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/indias-newly-developed-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-launched-off-odisha-coast_1901785.html|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/20160630_successful-tests-for-indo-israeli-land-based-air-defense-system.html|title=Successful Tests for Indo-Israeli Land-Based Air Defense System {{!}} Defense Update|last=Eshel|first=Tamir|website=defense-update.com|date=30 June 2016 |access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701135243/http://defense-update.com/20160630_successful-tests-for-indo-israeli-land-based-air-defense-system.html|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-iais-barak-8-undergoes-successful-indian-trials-1001136601|title=Israel Aerospace Barak 8 undergoes successful Indian trials - Globes English|website=Globes|date=30 June 2016 |access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130707/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-iais-barak-8-undergoes-successful-indian-trials-1001136601|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pragativadi.com/site/details?nid=828|title=India Test Fires Barack-8 Missile, An Indo-Israel Project|website=pragativadi.com|access-date=2016-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701140740/http://www.pragativadi.com/site/details?nid=828|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref>
-* On 30 June 2016, India test-fired a land based version of the Barak 8 surface-to-air missile for the first time from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in [[Chandipur, Odisha]], successfully hitting the target pilotless target aircraft (PTA) at 8:15 AM IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/barak-8-missile-test-fired-from-chandipur-153434/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160724182809/http://odishatv.in/odisha/body-slider/barak-8-missile-test-fired-from-chandipur-153434/|url-status=dead|title=Barak-8 missile test-fired from Chandipur|archive-date=July 24, 2016}}</ref> the missile was again test fired for second time around noon where it again successfully hit a pilotless target aircraft over the Bay of Bengal. The test-firing of the missile was jointly carried out by Indian defence personnel, DRDO and IAI.<ref name="successful test">{{Cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/indias-newly-developed-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-launched-off-odisha-coast_1901785.html|title=India's newly developed surface-to-air missile 'Barak- 8' successfully test-fired off Odisha coast|date=2016-06-30|access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701142620/http://zeenews.india.com/news/india/indias-newly-developed-surface-to-air-missile-successfully-test-launched-off-odisha-coast_1901785.html|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/20160630_successful-tests-for-indo-israeli-land-based-air-defense-system.html|title=Successful Tests for Indo-Israeli Land-Based Air Defense System {{!}} Defense Update|last=Eshel|first=Tamir|website=defense-update.com|access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701135243/http://defense-update.com/20160630_successful-tests-for-indo-israeli-land-based-air-defense-system.html|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-iais-barak-8-undergoes-successful-indian-trials-1001136601|title=Israel Aerospace Barak 8 undergoes successful Indian trials - Globes English|website=Globes|access-date=2016-06-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701130707/http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-iais-barak-8-undergoes-successful-indian-trials-1001136601|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pragativadi.com/site/details?nid=828|title=India Test Fires Barack-8 Missile, An Indo-Israel Project|website=pragativadi.com|access-date=2016-07-01|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701140740/http://www.pragativadi.com/site/details?nid=828|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref>
 * On 1 July 2016 the MR SAM (land based version) was tested for the third time from the ITR at Chandipur, at 10:26 AM IST and the missile successfully hit a pilotless target aircraft, proving its reliability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/07/india-successfully-test-fires-surface.html?m=1|title=MR SAM hits target successfully for the second time in two days proving its reliability.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820212950/http://www.indiandefensenews.in/2016/07/india-successfully-test-fires-surface.html?m=1|archive-date=2016-08-20}}</ref>
-* On 20 September 2016, India successfully test fired the Barak-8. The long range missile was launched from a mobile launcher at the ITR in Chandipur at around 10:13 AM IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200916/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-barak-8.html|title=India successfully test fires surface-to-air missile Barak-8|access-date=2016-09-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921055954/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200916/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-barak-8.html|archive-date=2016-09-21}}</ref>
+* On 20 September 2016, India successfully test fired the Barak-8. The long range missile was launched from a mobile launcher at the ITR in Chandipur at around 10:13 AM IST.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200916/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-barak-8.html|title=India successfully test fires surface-to-air missile Barak-8|date=20 September 2016 |access-date=2016-09-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921055954/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200916/india-successfully-test-fires-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-barak-8.html|archive-date=2016-09-21}}</ref>
 * On 25 December 2016, Azerbaijan successfully tested the missile.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/azerbaijan-successfully-test-fires-israeli-produced-barak-8-missile-system/2016/12/26/|title=Azerbaijan Successfully Test-fires Israeli-Produced Barak-8 Missile System|last=Julian|first=Hana Levi|date=2016-12-26|newspaper=The Jewish Press|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-24|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202085112/http://www.jewishpress.com/news/breaking-news/azerbaijan-successfully-test-fires-israeli-produced-barak-8-missile-system/2016/12/26/|archive-date=2017-02-02}}</ref>
 * On 10 February 2017, Israel Aerospace Industries test fired the missile at sea to verify its capabilities.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/02/10/IAIs-Barak-8-test-fired-at-sea/5551486755284/|title=IAI's Barak-8 test-fired at sea|newspaper=UPI|access-date=2017-02-12|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211211144/http://www.upi.com/Defense-News/2017/02/10/IAIs-Barak-8-test-fired-at-sea/5551486755284/|archive-date=2017-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/18452/Israel_Test_Fires_Barak_8_Missile|title=Israel Test Fires Barak-8 Missile|website=www.defenseworld.net|access-date=2017-02-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211124648/http://www.defenseworld.net/news/18452/Israel_Test_Fires_Barak_8_Missile|archive-date=2017-02-11}}</ref>
-* On 16 May 2017, the Indian Navy successfully test fired the missile from [[INS Kochi]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/may/18/indian-navy-successfully-test-fires-mrsam-from-ins-kochi-1606000.html|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires MRSAM from INS Kochi|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-05-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221702/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/may/18/indian-navy-successfully-test-fires-mrsam-from-ins-kochi-1606000.html|archive-date=2017-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/navy-successfully-test-fires-mr-sam-from-ins-kochi-2437570.html|title=Navy successfully test fires MR-SAM from INS Kochi|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517151956/http://www.oneindia.com/india/navy-successfully-test-fires-mr-sam-from-ins-kochi-2437570.html|archive-date=2017-05-17}}</ref>
+* On 16 May 2017, the Indian Navy successfully test fired the MRSAM variant from [[INS Kochi|INS ''Kochi'' (D64)]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/may/18/indian-navy-successfully-test-fires-mrsam-from-ins-kochi-1606000.html|title=Indian Navy successfully test fires MRSAM from INS Kochi|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2017-05-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827221702/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2017/may/18/indian-navy-successfully-test-fires-mrsam-from-ins-kochi-1606000.html|archive-date=2017-08-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.oneindia.com/india/navy-successfully-test-fires-mr-sam-from-ins-kochi-2437570.html|title=Navy successfully test fires MR-SAM from INS Kochi|work=www.oneindia.com|access-date=2017-05-17|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517151956/http://www.oneindia.com/india/navy-successfully-test-fires-mr-sam-from-ins-kochi-2437570.html|archive-date=2017-05-17}}</ref>
-* On 29 November 2017, the Indian Navy test fired the missile from INS Kochi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citytoday.news/indian-navy-conducts-successful-mrsam-firing-from-ins-kochi/|title=Indian Navy conducts successful MRSAM firing from INS Kochi - Mysuru Today|date=2017-11-29|work=Mysuru Today|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
+* On 29 November 2017, the Indian Navy test fired again the MRSAM from INS ''Kochi'' (D64).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citytoday.news/indian-navy-conducts-successful-mrsam-firing-from-ins-kochi/|title=Indian Navy conducts successful MRSAM firing from INS Kochi - Mysuru Today|date=2017-11-29|work=Mysuru Today|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
-*On 25 January 2019, the Indian Navy test fired the missile from INS Chennai against an incoming aerial target flying at a low altitude.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/International/India-successfully-tests-Barak-8-long-range-surface-to-air-missile-578631|title=India successfully tests Barak 8 long-range surface-to-air missile - International news - Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>
+[[File:INS Kochi test fires a Medium Range Surface to Air Missile, 2019 (1).jpg|thumb|[[INS Kochi|INS ''Kochi'']] firing a Barak-8 MRSAM variant]]
-* On 22 March 2021, Israel Aerospace Industries successfully test fired Barak ER (extended range) interceptor with 150 km range & 30 km altitude.
+* On 25 January 2019, the Indian Navy test fired the LRSAM from INS ''Chennai'' (D65) against an incoming aerial target flying at a low altitude.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/International/India-successfully-tests-Barak-8-long-range-surface-to-air-missile-578631|title=India successfully tests Barak 8 long-range surface-to-air missile - International news - Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|access-date=2019-01-25}}</ref>
+* In 2019 May 15, the MRSAM variant was first operated in their full Joint Taskforce Coordinating (JTC) mode by the Indian Navy via their 2 ''Kolkata''-class destroyers: INS ''Kochi'' (D64) and INS ''Chennai'' (D65). The JTC mode implements the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) of the Barak-8 MRSAM system. Both ships launched the missiles but only 1 was doing the actual engagement role. The demonstration was done on India's western seaboard.<ref name="1st JTC mode MRSAM demo, DefenseUpdate">{{cite news|url=https://defense-update.com/20190517_indian-navy-demonstrates-mrsam-cooperative-engagement-capability.html|title=Indian Navy Demonstrates 'MRSAM 'Cooperative Engagement' Capability |website=defense-update.com |date=2019-05-17}}</ref>
+* On 22 March 2021, Israel Aerospace Industries successfully test fired Barak ER (extended range) interceptor with 150 km range and 30 km altitude.
 * On 27 March 2022, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) conducted two successful flight tests of the Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha. The first launch was to intercept a medium altitude long range target and second launch was for proving the capability of a low altitude short range target.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=1810241|title=DRDO successfully flight tests Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile off Odisha coast|publisher=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2022-03-27}}</ref>
 * On 30 March 2022, [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) again conducted two successful flight tests of the Indian Army version of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile (MRSAM) at Integrated Test Range, Chandipur off the coast of Odisha within 3 days. The launches were carried out establishing the accuracy and reliability of the weapon system against targets covering the sea skimming and high altitude functionality within the envelope. With the conclusion of flight trials for different ranges and scenarios, the system has completed its development trials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1811377|title=Army variant of Medium Range Surface-to-Air Missile system completes development trials|publisher=Press Information Bureau|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>
+* In November 2022 the first successful test from a Sa’ar 6-class corvette was made.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Frantzman |first1=Seth J. |title=Watch Israel test its anti-missile Barak weapon at sea |url=https://www.defensenews.com/training-sim/2022/12/01/watch-israel-test-its-anti-missile-barak-weapon-at-sea/ |website=defensenews.com |publisher=Defense News |access-date=7 December 2022}}</ref>
 == Deployment ==
-The Israeli Navy has commenced equipping its [[Sa'ar 5]] corvettes with the system, the first re-fitted vessel being the [[INS Lahav|INS ''Lahav'']]. The [[Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat|Sa'ar 4.5]] flotilla will be next for the upgrade.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/57950/israeli-navy-to-begin-installing-barak-8-on-sa-ar-4-5-corvettes|title=Israeli Navy to begin installing Barak 8 on Sa'ar 4.5 corvettes {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2016-02-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213151049/http://www.janes.com/article/57950/israeli-navy-to-begin-installing-barak-8-on-sa-ar-4-5-corvettes|archive-date=2016-02-13}}</ref> The Indian Navy has already deployed the missiles on [[Kolkata-class destroyer|''Kolkata class''-class destroyer]], [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class destroyers]], <ref name=":0" /> [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'']].
+The Israeli Navy has commenced equipping its [[Sa'ar 5]] corvettes with the system, the first re-fitted vessel being the [[INS Lahav|INS ''Lahav'']]. The [[Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat|Sa'ar 4.5]] flotilla will be next for the upgrade.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/57950/israeli-navy-to-begin-installing-barak-8-on-sa-ar-4-5-corvettes|title=Israeli Navy to begin installing Barak 8 on Sa'ar 4.5 corvettes {{!}} IHS Jane's 360|website=www.janes.com|access-date=2016-02-14|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213151049/http://www.janes.com/article/57950/israeli-navy-to-begin-installing-barak-8-on-sa-ar-4-5-corvettes|archive-date=2016-02-13}}</ref> The Indian Navy has already deployed the missiles on [[Kolkata-class destroyer|''Kolkata class''-class destroyer]], [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class destroyers]],<ref name=":0" /> and aircraft carrier [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'']].{{Cn|date=December 2022}}
+''[[Middle East Eye]]'' quoted an unnamed official from an unnamed country stating that a Barak 8 operated by the [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]] intercepted an [[9K720 Iskander|Iskander]] missile shot by Armenia towards [[Baku]] towards the end of the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]], adding that the firing of the Iskander convinced the Azerbaijan government to accept a ceasefire.<ref name=iskander>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=The Moscow|date=2021-03-02|title=Israeli Defense System Shot Down Russian Missile in Karabakh War – Reports|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/03/02/israeli-defense-system-shot-down-russian-missile-in-karabakh-war-reports-a73116|access-date=2021-03-04|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}</ref> Whether Armenia used any Iskanders during the war is disputed: there were reports on social media of Armenia using the Iskander, but Russia's defense ministry said Armenia didn't fire any Iskanders, and Azerbaijan stated it didn't detect any Iskander launches during the war.<ref>{{cite news|title=Russia Shows Off Footage Of Iskander Missile Hitting A Hospital In Highlight Reel Meant To Defend The Weapon's Effectiveness|author=Sebastian Roblin|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sebastienroblin/2021/03/01/moscow-assures-world-its-iskander-missile-can-precisely-hit-a-hospital/?sh=5b7cba3187c5|date=2021-03-21}}</ref>
-A Barak 8 operated by the [[Azerbaijani Armed Forces]] is said to have successfully intercepted an [[9K720 Iskander|Iskander]] operated by Armenia during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times|first=The Moscow|date=2021-03-02|title=Israeli Defense System Shot Down Russian Missile in Karabakh War – Reports|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/03/02/israeli-defense-system-shot-down-russian-missile-in-karabakh-war-reports-a73116|access-date=2021-03-04|website=The Moscow Times|language=en}}</ref>
+The Indian Air Force got the first MRSAM system on 9 September 2021 which guards the [[Jaisalmer Air Force Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chowdhury|first=Srinjoy|date=8 September 2021|title=First Medium Range Surface to Air Missile developed jointly by IAI & DRDO to be handed over to IAF tomorrow|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/first-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-developed-jointly-by-iai-drdo-to-be-handed-over-to-iaf-tomorrow/809492 |access-date=2021-09-09|website=Times Now News|language=en}}</ref>
-The Indian Air Force got the first MRSAM system on 9 September 2021 which guards the [[Jaisalmer Air Force Station]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chowdhury|first=Srinjoy|date=8 September 2021|title=First Medium Range Surface to Air Missile developed jointly by IAI & DRDO to be handed over to IAF tomorrow|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/first-medium-range-surface-to-air-missile-developed-jointly-by-iai-drdo-to-be-handed-over-to-iaf-tomorrow/809492|url-status=live|access-date=2021-09-09|website=Times Now News|language=en}}</ref>
+On 2 July 2022, Barak 8 missiles launched from the [[Sa'ar 5]]-class corvette [[INS Eilat (501)|INS ''Eilat'']] shot down two reconnaissance [[UAV]]s operated by [[Hezbollah]] over the Israeli off-shore [[Karish gas field]] in the Mediterranean sea.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-says-it-shot-down-3-hezbollah-drones-heading-for-karish-gas-field/ IDF shoots down 3 Hezbollah drones heading for Karish gas field]</ref>
 ==Operators==
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 ===Current operators===
-*{{AZE}} – Azerbaijan bought 12 Barak-8 missiles systems along with 75 missiles.<ref name="az">{{cite web |url=http://news.az/articles/politics/57003 |title=List of ammunition purchased by Azerbaijan made public |website=news.az |date=2012-03-27 |access-date=2012-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330062654/http://www.news.az/articles/politics/57003 |archive-date=2012-03-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/azerbaijan_has_successfully_test-fired_israeli-made_barak-8_long-range_surface-to-air_missile_12812163.html |title=Azerbaijan has successfully test-fired Israeli-made Barak-8 long-range surface-to-air missile |publisher=Army Recognition |date=2016-12-28 |access-date=2016-12-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230224819/http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/azerbaijan_has_successfully_test-fired_israeli-made_barak-8_long-range_surface-to-air_missile_12812163.html |archive-date=2016-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=GDC|date=2021-07-10|title=Israeli IAI sold 12 Barak-8 SAM Systems And 75 Missiles to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/10/israeli-iai-sold-12-barak-8-sam-systems-to-azerbaijan/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref>
+*{{AZE}} – Azerbaijan bought 12 Barak 8 missiles systems along with 75 missiles.<ref name="az">{{cite web |url=http://news.az/articles/politics/57003 |title=List of ammunition purchased by Azerbaijan made public |website=news.az |date=2012-03-27 |access-date=2012-03-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330062654/http://www.news.az/articles/politics/57003 |archive-date=2012-03-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/azerbaijan_has_successfully_test-fired_israeli-made_barak-8_long-range_surface-to-air_missile_12812163.html |title=Azerbaijan has successfully test-fired Israeli-made Barak-8 long-range surface-to-air missile |publisher=Army Recognition |date=2016-12-28 |access-date=2016-12-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230224819/http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/azerbaijan_has_successfully_test-fired_israeli-made_barak-8_long-range_surface-to-air_missile_12812163.html |archive-date=2016-12-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=GDC|date=2021-07-10|title=Israeli IAI sold 12 Barak-8 SAM Systems And 75 Missiles to Azerbaijan|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/10/israeli-iai-sold-12-barak-8-sam-systems-to-azerbaijan/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref>
-*{{IND}} – India has use worth of $5 billion Barak-8 missiles for its Air Force, Navy and Army.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GDC|date=2021-07-17|title=India Bought Barak-8 Missiles Worth $5 Billion|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/18/india-bought-barak-8-missiles-worth-5-billion/|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kolkata-class destroyer|''Kolkata''-class destroyers]], [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class destroyers]], <ref name=":0" /> [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'']], [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'']] and [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|''Nilgiri''-class frigates]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/india-israel-conclude-2-billion-missile-deal/|title=India, Israel Conclude $2 Billion Missile Deal|last=Diplomat|first=Franz-Stefan Gady, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-04-18|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419102202/https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/india-israel-conclude-2-billion-missile-deal/|archive-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/article/84016/iai-wins-usd777-million-contract-to-supply-additional-barak-8-lrsam-systems-for-indian-navy/|title=IAI wins USD777 million contract to supply additional Barak-8 LRSAM systems for Indian Navy}} </ref>
+*{{IND}} – India has bought $5 billion worth of Barak 8 missiles for its Air Force, Navy and Army.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GDC|date=2021-07-17|title=India Bought Barak-8 Missiles Worth $5 Billion|url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2021/07/18/india-bought-barak-8-missiles-worth-5-billion/|access-date=2021-07-18|website=Global Defense Corp|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Kolkata-class destroyer|''Kolkata''-class destroyers]], [[Visakhapatnam-class destroyer|''Visakhapatnam''-class destroyers]],<ref name=":0" /> [[INS Vikramaditya|INS ''Vikramaditya'']], [[INS Vikrant (2013)|INS ''Vikrant'']] and [[Nilgiri-class frigate (2019)|''Nilgiri''-class frigates]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/india-israel-conclude-2-billion-missile-deal/|title=India, Israel Conclude $2 Billion Missile Deal|last=Diplomat|first=Franz-Stefan Gady, The|work=The Diplomat|access-date=2017-04-18|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419102202/https://thediplomat.com/2017/04/india-israel-conclude-2-billion-missile-deal/|archive-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.janes.com/article/84016/iai-wins-usd777-million-contract-to-supply-additional-barak-8-lrsam-systems-for-indian-navy/|title=IAI wins USD777 million contract to supply additional Barak-8 LRSAM systems for Indian Navy}} </ref>
-*{{ISR}} – By February 2017, Israel's [[Sa'ar 5-class corvette]]s to carry the newer Barak 8 missile system, instead of Barak 1. To that end, INS ''Lahav'', a [[Sa'ar 5-class corvette]] live-fired the Barak 8 missile system, during a trial in late 2015. Subsequently, the navy will convert lighter [[Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat|Sa'ar 4.5-class corvettes]] in two to three years.<ref name="auto"/>
+*{{ISR}} – Israel's [[Sa'ar 5-class corvette]]s carry the newer Barak 8 missile system, instead of Barak 1. To that end, INS ''Lahav'', a [[Sa'ar 5-class corvette]] live-fired the Barak 8 missile system, during a trial in late 2015. Subsequently, the navy will convert lighter [[Sa'ar 4.5-class missile boat|Sa'ar 4.5-class corvettes]] in two to three years.<ref name="auto"/>
 *{{MAR}} – confirmed $500 million contract for Barak MX air defense missile systems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_february_2022_global_security_army_industry/iai_from_israel_validates_contract_with_morocco_to_deliver_barak_mx_air_defense_missile_systems.html|title=IAI from Israel validates contract with Morocco to deliver Barak MX air defense missile systems|website=www.armyrecognition.com}}</ref>
@@ Line 145: / Line 150: @@
 *{{COL}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3130659/fuerza-aerea-colombia-selecciona-barak-8-defensa-antiaerea|title=La Fuerza Aérea de Colombia selecciona al Barak-8 para su defensa antiaérea|website=Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa}}</ref>
 *{{FIN}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://puolustusvoimat.fi/-/1950813/ilmatorjunnan-korkeatorjuntakyvyn-rakentaminen-etenee?languageId=en_US|access-date=5 March 2022|title=High-altitude capability for ground-based air defence to progress|work=puolustusvoimat.fi}}</ref>
-*{{GER}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4825492,00.html|title=Watch: India tests Barak 8 missile|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160911/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4825492%2C00.html|archive-date=11 August 2016}}</ref>
+*{{GER}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4825492,00.html|title=Watch: India tests Barak 8 missile|access-date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811160911/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-4825492%2C00.html|archive-date=11 August 2022}}</ref>
-*{{POL}} – In 2014, the Polish Navy evaluated the Barak 8 missile system for potential use on its ships.{{cn|date=June 2022}}
+*{{POL}}<ref name="flightglobal.com"/>
 *{{KSA}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2021/09/saudi-arabia-considering-israeli-made-missile-defense-systems/amp/?__twitter_impression=true|access-date=14 September 2021|title=Saudi Arabia Considering Israeli-Made Missile Defense Systems|work=breakingdefense.com}}</ref>
 *{{UAE}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2022/01/amid-attacks-uae-quietly-asks-israel-about-defense-systems-sources/|access-date=27 January 2022|title=Amid attacks, UAE quietly asks Israel about defense systems: Sources|work=breakingdefense.com}}</ref>
+*{{VNM}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2022-08-18/ty-article/.premium/vietnam-eyes-purchase-of-israeli-air-defense-system/00000182-b1d5-d5c6-a59f-b9dfb5f90000|title=Vietnam Eyes Purchase of Israeli Air-defense System|access-date=19 August 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819083832/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2022-08-18/ty-article/.premium/vietnam-eyes-purchase-of-israeli-air-defense-system/00000182-b1d5-d5c6-a59f-b9dfb5f90000|archive-date=19 August 2022}}</ref>
 ==See also==
+{{Portal|Israel|India|Rocketry}}
 *[[Tor missile system]]
 *[[Bavar-373]]