725
edits
no edit summary
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
[[File:Street Hierarchy and Accessibility.png|thumb|Street Hierarchy and Accessibility]] | [[File:Street Hierarchy and Accessibility.png|thumb|Street Hierarchy and Accessibility]] | ||
Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive approach, the incremental approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy approach, the equity approach, the radical approach, and the humanist or phenomenological approach.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Whittmore |first=Andrew |date=2 February 2015 |title=How Planners Use Planning Theory |publisher=Planetizen | url = http://www.planetizen.com/node/73570/how-planners-use-planning-theory | access-date =24 April 2015}} ''citing'' {{Cite journal|last=Whittemore |first=Andrew H. |year=2014 |title=Practitioners Theorize, Too Reaffirming Planning Theory in a Survey of Practitioners' Theories |journal=Journal of Planning Education and Research |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=76–85 |doi=10.1177/0739456X14563144|s2cid=144888493 }})</ref> Some other conceptual planning theories include [[Ebenezer Howard]]'s The Three Magnets theory that he envisioned for the future of British settlement, also his [[Garden Cities of To-morrow|Garden Cities]], the Concentric Model Zone also called the Burgess Model by sociologist [[Ernest Burgess]], the Radburn Superblock that encourages pedestrian movement, the Sector Model and the Multiple Nuclei Model among others.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohd Nazim Saifi|date=2017-03-04|title=Town planning theories concept and models|url=https://www.slideshare.net/archndzyn/town-planning-theories-concept-and-models}}</ref> | Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are eight procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the rational-comprehensive approach, the incremental approach, the transactive approach, the communicative approach, the advocacy approach, the equity approach, the radical approach, and the humanist or phenomenological approach.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Whittmore |first=Andrew |date=2 February 2015 |title=How Planners Use Planning Theory |publisher=Planetizen | url = http://www.planetizen.com/node/73570/how-planners-use-planning-theory | access-date =24 April 2015}} ''citing'' {{Cite journal|last=Whittemore |first=Andrew H. |year=2014 |title=Practitioners Theorize, Too Reaffirming Planning Theory in a Survey of Practitioners' Theories |journal=Journal of Planning Education and Research |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=76–85 |doi=10.1177/0739456X14563144|s2cid=144888493 }})</ref> Some other conceptual planning theories include [[Ebenezer Howard]]'s The Three Magnets theory that he envisioned for the future of British settlement, also his [[Garden Cities of To-morrow|Garden Cities]], the Concentric Model Zone also called the Burgess Model by sociologist [[Ernest Burgess]], the Radburn Superblock that encourages pedestrian movement, the Sector Model and the Multiple Nuclei Model among others.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohd Nazim Saifi|date=2017-03-04|title=Town planning theories concept and models|url=https://www.slideshare.net/archndzyn/town-planning-theories-concept-and-models}}</ref> | ||
==Technical aspects== | |||
{{Further|Technical aspects of urban planning|}} | |||
Technical aspects of urban planning involve the application of scientific, technical processes, considerations and features that are involved in planning for [[land use]], [[urban design]], [[natural resource]]s, [[transport]]ation, and [[infrastructure]]. Urban planning includes techniques such as: predicting [[population growth]], [[zoning]], geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing park space, surveying the [[water supply]], identifying transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands, allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the impact of land use. | |||
In order to predict how cities will develop and estimate the effects of their interventions, planners use various models. These models can be used to indicate relationships and patterns in demographic, geographic, and economic data. They might deal with short-term issues such as how people move through cities, or long-term issues such as land use and growth.<ref>{{Cite book|first=John D. |last=Landis |year=2012 |chapter=Modeling Urban Systems| editor1-last=Weber |editor1-first=Rachel |editor2-last=Crane |editor2-first=Randall |title=The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning |location=Oxford, England |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=323–350 |isbn=978-0-19-537499-5}}</ref> One such model is the [[Geographic information system|Geographic Information System]] (GIS) that is used to create a model of the existing planning and then to project future impacts on the society, economy and environment. | |||
[[Building code]]s and other regulations dovetail with urban planning by governing how cities are constructed and used from the individual level.<ref>''Codes, rules, and standards are part of a matrix of relations that influence the practice of urban planning and design. These forms of regulation provide an important and inescapable framework for development, from the laying out of subdivisions to the control of stormwater runoff. The subject of regulations leads to the source of how communities are designed and constructed—defining how they can and can't be built—and how codes, rules, and standards continue to shape the physical space where we live and work.'' {{Cite book|last=Ben-Joseph |first=Eran |year=2012 |chapter=Codes and Standards in Urban Planning and Design | editor1-last=Weber |editor1-first=Rachel |editor2-last=Crane |editor2-first=Randall |title=The Oxford Handbook of Urban Planning |location=Oxford, England |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=352–370 |isbn=978-0-19-537499-5}}</ref> Enforcement methodologies include governmental [[zoning]], [[planning permission]]s, and [[building code]]s,<ref name="WIUP" /> as well as private [[easements]] and [[restrictive covenant]]s.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Smit|first1=Anneke|title=Public Interest, Private Property: Law and Planning Policy in Canada|last2=Valiante|first2=Marcia|publisher=[[University of British Columbia Press]]|year=2015|isbn=978-0-7748-2931-1|editor1-last=Smit|editor1-first=Anneke|location=Vancouver, British Columbia|pages=1–36, page 10|chapter=Introduction|editor2-last=Valiante|editor2-first=Marcia}}</ref> | |||