Ashoka Chakra (military decoration): Difference between revisions

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{{short description|India's highest peacetime military decoration}}
{{about|the military decoration|the symbol|Ashoka Chakra}}
{{about|the military decoration|the symbol|Ashoka Chakra}}
{{short description|India's highest peacetime military decoration}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Infobox award
{{Infobox military award
| name            = Ashoka Chakra
| name            = Ashoka Chakra
| image            = [[File:Ashoka-chakra.png|350px]]<br/><br/>[[Image:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|150px]]
| image            = [[File:Ashoka-chakra.png|350px]]<br/><br/>[[Image:Ashoka Chakra ribbon.svg|150px]]
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| eligibility      = *Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces.
| eligibility      = *Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces.
*Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces.
*Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces.
*Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway protection Force.<ref name=army>http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=p6xUHC5yMgV3Tyuw9ZIb6w==&ParentID=tFRV4t12pKRhSFm2sMq5yQ==</ref>
*Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway protection Force.<ref name=army>http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=p6xUHC5yMgV3Tyuw9ZIb6w==&ParentID=tFRV4t12pKRhSFm2sMq5yQ== {{Dead link|date=August 2022}}</ref>
| awarded_for              = Awarded for most conspicuous bravery, or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.<ref name=army/>
| awarded_for              = Awarded for most conspicuous bravery, or some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the enemy.<ref name=army/>
| campaign        =  
| campaign        =  
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| firstawarded      = 1952
| firstawarded      = 1952
| lastawarded      = 2021
| lastawarded      = 2021
| total_awarded            = 86 <small>(As of 2021)</small><ref name="gallantryawards.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees-0|title=Awardees - Gallantry Awards|website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/martyred-corporal-jyoti-prakash-nirala-joins-elite-iaf-club-tomorrow/articleshow/62647401.cms</ref>
| total_awarded            = 86 <small>(As of 2021)</small><ref name="gallantryawards.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://gallantryawards.gov.in/awardees-0|title=Awardees - Gallantry Awards|website=gallantryawards.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/martyred-corporal-jyoti-prakash-nirala-joins-elite-iaf-club-tomorrow/articleshow/62647401.cms|title=Martyred Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala joins elite IAF club tomorrow &#124; India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| total_awarded_posthumously      = 68
| total_awarded_posthumously      = 68
| total_recipients      =86  
| total_recipients      =86  
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| individual      =  
| individual      =  
| higher          = [[File:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Bharat Ratna]]
| higher          = [[File:Bharat Ratna Ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Bharat Ratna]]
| same            = [[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Param Vir Chakra]]{{efn|Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the PVC in order of wear, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra (or [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]).<ref name="Awards Warb">{{cite web|title=Awards Warb|url=http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]|access-date=5 September 2016|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035719/http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=40}}<ref name="Precedence Of Medals">{{cite web|title=Precedence of Medals|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA==&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A/bXA7u5dbrJQ==|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=17 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023351/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA%3D%3D&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A%2FbXA7u5dbrJQ%3D%3D|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=precedence>{{cite web|title=Precedence Of Medals |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg== |work=indianarmy.nic.in/ |publisher=Indian Army |access-date=9 September 2014}}</ref>
| same            = [[File:Param-Vir-Chakra-ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Param Vir Chakra]]{{efn|Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the PVC in order of wear, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra (or [[Param Vir Chakra|PVC]]).<ref name="Awards Warb">{{cite web|title=Awards Warb|url=http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|website=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]|access-date=5 September 2016|page=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035719/http://www.warb-mha.gov.in/pdf/awards.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}{{Sfn|Chakravorty|1995|p=40}}<ref name="Precedence of Medals">{{cite web|title=Precedence of Medals|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA==&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A/bXA7u5dbrJQ==|publisher=Indian Army|access-date=17 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023351/http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA%3D%3D&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A%2FbXA7u5dbrJQ%3D%3D|archive-date=4 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=precedence>{{cite web|title=Precedence of Medals |url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=zCQHR1MODtMw0EJ0MUc5CA==&ParentID=XRRy6fl/Yj1c0bK0sve+Pg== |work=indianarmy.nic.in/ |publisher=Indian Army |access-date=9 September 2022}}</ref>
| lower            = [[File:IND_Padma_Vibhushan_BAR.png|55px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA==&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A/bXA7u5dbrJQ==|title=Precedence Of Medals|publisher=Indian Army, Govt of India official website}}</ref>
| lower            = [[File:Padma Vibhushan Ribbon.svg|55px]] [[Padma Vibhushan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=BXcX5hxppEZqCOXb6hqedA==&ParentID=4KygHdsq1A/bXA7u5dbrJQ==|title=Precedence of Medals|publisher=Indian Army, Govt of India official website}}</ref>
| related          =  
| related          =  
| image2          =  
| image2          =  
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}}
}}


The '''Ashoka Chakra''' (alternative spelling: '''Ashok Chakra''') is India's highest peacetime [[military decoration]] awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the [[Param Vir Chakra]] (PVC), and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" other than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilian personnel.
The '''Ashoka Chakra''' (alternative spelling: '''Ashok Chakra''') is India's highest peacetime [[military decoration]] awarded for valor, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the [[Param Vir Chakra]] (PVC) and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" other than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilian personnel.


[[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Narbahadur Thapa]], [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]] and [[Flight lieutenant|Flight Lieutenant]] [[Suhas Biswas]] were the first recipients of the Ashoka Chakra.<!--wasn't he the first person of any description?  why single out the air force?--> Subsequent awards of the Ashoka Chakra are recognized by a bar to the medal ribbon. A recipient can be awarded the [[Kirti Chakra]] or [[Shaurya Chakra]] in addition for separate acts of gallntary.
[[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Narbahadur Thapa]], [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]] and [[Flight lieutenant|Flight Lieutenant]] [[Suhas Biswas]] were the first recipients of the Ashoka Chakra.<!--wasn't he the first person of any description?  why single out the air force?--> Subsequent awards of the Ashoka Chakra are recognized by a bar to the medal ribbon. A recipient can be awarded the [[Kirti Chakra]] or [[Shaurya Chakra]] in addition to separate acts of gallantry.


== History ==
== History ==


The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I" as the first step of a three-class sequence of non-combatant bravery decorations. In 1967, these decorations were removed from the "class-based" system and renamed as the Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. This is an important point in understanding the independent Indian view of decorations. It would also lead to changes in the Padma Vibhushan series, the distinguished service medal series, the life saving medal series, and the Defence Security Corps medal series.
The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I" as the first step of a three-class sequence of non-combatant bravery decorations. In 1967, these decorations were removed from the "class-based" system and renamed as the Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. This is an important point in understanding the independent Indian view of decorations. It would also lead to changes in the Padma Vibhushan series, the distinguished service medal series, the life-saving medal series, and the Defence Security Corps medal series.


From 1 February 1999, the central government instituted a monthly stipend for Ashoka Chakra recipients of Rs. 1400. Jammu and Kashmir awarded a cash award of Rs. 1500 for recipients of this award.
From 1 February 1999, the central government instituted a monthly stipend for Ashoka Chakra recipients of Rs. 1400. Jammu and Kashmir awarded a cash award of Rs. 1500 for recipients of this award.
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== Overview ==
== Overview ==


'''Obverse:''' Circular gold gilt, 1-3/8&nbsp;inches in diameter. In the center, the chakra (wheel) of Ashoka, surrounded by a lotus wreath and with an ornate edge. Suspended by a straight bar suspender. The medal is named on the edge.
'''Obverse:''' Circular gold gilt, 1-3/8&nbsp;inches in diameter. In the center, the chakra (wheel) of Ashoka, is surrounded by a lotus wreath with an ornate edge. Suspended by a straight bar suspender. The medal is named on the edge.


'''Reverse:''' Blank in the center, with "Ashoka Chakra" in [[Hindi]] along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim. On either side is a lotus design. The center is blank, perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there. There is no indication of the class on the pre-1967 awards, and, in fact, there is no difference between these medals & the post-1967 awards.
'''Reverse:''' Blank in the center, with "Ashoka Chakra" in [[Hindi]] along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim. On either side is a lotus design. The center is blank, perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there. There is no indication of the class on the pre-1967 awards, and, in fact, there is no difference between these medals & the post-1967 awards.
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|2021
|2021
|[[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Assistant Sub-Inspector]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Babu Ram]] *
|[[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Assistant Sub-Inspector]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Babu Ram]] *
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Police]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/as-jammu-and-kashmir-police-bags-gallantry-medals-dgp-heaps-praises-101628948167153-amp.html|title=As Jammu and Kashmir Police bags gallantry medals, DGP heaps praises|date=14 August 2021|publisher=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|[[Jammu and Kashmir Police]]||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/as-jammu-and-kashmir-police-bags-gallantry-medals-dgp-heaps-praises-101628948167153-amp.html|title=As Jammu and Kashmir Police bags gallantry medals, DGP heaps praises|date=14 August 2021|work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2019  
| 2019  
|[[Lance naik|Lance Naik]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Nazir Ahmad Wani]] *
|[[Lance naik|Lance Naik]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Nazir Ahmad Wani]] *
|[[Indian Army]]||<ref>{{cite web|title=411 Republic Day Gallantry and Other Defence Decorations Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=187777|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>
|[[Territorial Army (India)|Territorial Army]] ([[Indian Army]]) ||<ref>{{cite web|title=411 Republic Day Gallantry and Other Defence Decorations Announced|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=187777|website=pib.nic.in}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2018  
| 2018  
|[[Corporal]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Jyoti Prakash Nirala]] *
|[[Corporal]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Jyoti Prakash Nirala]] *
|[[Indian Air Force]]||<ref name="AC2009-2018"/<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/martyred-corporal-jyoti-prakash-nirala-joins-elite-iaf-club-tomorrow/articleshow/62647401.cms</ref>
|[[Indian Air Force]]||<ref name="AC2009-2018"/<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/martyred-corporal-jyoti-prakash-nirala-joins-elite-iaf-club-tomorrow/articleshow/62647401.cms|title=Martyred Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala joins elite IAF club tomorrow &#124; India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2017  
| 2017  
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|-
|-
|[[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[K. Prasad Babu]] *
|[[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[K. Prasad Babu]] *
|[[Andhra Pradesh Police]]||<ref>{{cite web|title=The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee giving away the highest gallantry award Ashok Chakra to Shri K. Venkatraman father of the Reserve Inspector, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Shri K.L.V.S.S.H.N.V. Prasad Babu, (Posthumous), during the 65th Republic Day Parade 2014, in New Delhi on January 26, 2014.|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/photoright.aspx?phid=52360|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=18 January 2017|date=26 January 2014}}</ref>
|[[Andhra Pradesh Police]]||<ref>{{cite web|title=The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee giving away the highest gallantry award Ashok Chakra to Shri K. Venkatraman father of the Reserve Inspector, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Shri K.L.V.S.S.H.N.V. Prasad Babu, (Posthumous), during the 65th Republic Day Parade 2014, in New Delhi on January 26, 2014.|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/photoright.aspx?phid=52360|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=18 January 2017|date=26 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 2012  
| 2012  
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|-
|-
|[[Major]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Mohit Sharma (soldier)|Mohit Sharma]] *
|[[Major]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Mohit Sharma (soldier)|Mohit Sharma]] *
|[[Indian Army]]||<ref name="AC2009-2016">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg%3d%3d&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg%3d%3d|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (2009–16)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
|[[Indian Army]]||<ref name="AC2009-2016">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg%3d%3d&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg%3d%3d|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (2009–16)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
| rowspan="11" | 2009
| rowspan="11" | 2009
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|-
|-
|[[Colonel]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Jojan Thomas]] *
|[[Colonel]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Jojan Thomas]] *
|[[Indian Army]]||<ref name="AC2009">{{cite press release|title=Ashoka Chakra awardees and their saga of gallantry|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=46980|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=18 January 2017|date=25 January 2009}}</ref>
|[[Indian Army]]||<ref name="AC2009">{{cite press release|title=Ashoka Chakra awardees and their saga of gallantry|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=46980|publisher=Press Information Bureau, India|access-date=18 January 2017|date=25 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;" |[[R. P. Diengdoh]] *
|[[Deputy Superintendent of Police]]|| style="background:#e3d9ff;" |[[R. P. Diengdoh]] *
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|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Rakesh Singh (soldier)|Rakesh Singh]] *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Rakesh Singh (soldier)|Rakesh Singh]] *
|[[Indian Army]]
|[[Indian Army]]
|<ref name="AC1993-2009">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg%3d%3d&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg%3d%3d|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1993–2009)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
|<ref name="AC1993-2009">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg%3d%3d&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg%3d%3d|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1993–2009)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
| 1992  
| 1992  
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|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Takhat Singh *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Takhat Singh *
|Civilian
|Civilian
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LjjDAAAQBAJ&q=Takhat+Singh+ashok+chakra&pg=PT63|title=Ashoka Chakra Recipient|last1=Aggarwal|first1=Rashmi|date=January 0101|section=Sri Takhat Singh|accessdate=12 June 2021}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LjjDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT63|title=Ashoka Chakra Recipients|last1=Aggarwal|first1=Rashmi|year=2021|section=Sri Takhat Singh|page=63}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Shri]]
|[[Shri]]
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| rowspan="4" |1965
| rowspan="4" |1965
|[[Shri]]
|[[Shri]]
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Tej Singh (Ashoka Chakra)|Tej Singh]] *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Tej Singh *
|Civilian
|Civilian
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shri]]
|[[Shri]]
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Lajja Ram (Ashoka Chakra)|Lajja Ram]] *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Lajja Ram *
|Civilian
|Civilian
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shri]]
|[[Shri]]
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Chaman Lal (Ashoka Chakra)|Chaman Lal]] *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Chaman Lal *
|Civilian
|Civilian
|
|
|-
|-
|[[Shri]]
|[[Shri]]
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|[[Purshottam (Ashoka Chakra)|Purshottam]] *
|style="background:#e3d9ff;"|Purshottam *
|Civilian
|Civilian
|<ref name="AC1952-92" />
|<ref name="AC1952-92" />
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|[[Narbahadur Thapa]]  
|[[Narbahadur Thapa]]  
|[[Indian Army]]
|[[Indian Army]]
|<ref name="AC1952-92">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg==&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg==|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1952–92)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>
|<ref name="AC1952-92">{{cite web|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=Zb02lKANjvkVUclnaE1NSg==&ParentID=xvMfYnM+Kb8YsPT0gtXYmg==|title=Ashoka Chakra recipients (1952–92)|publisher=Indian Army Web Portal|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Havildar]]
|[[Havildar]]
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==Superlatives==
==Superlatives==
{{trivia|section|date=August 2021}}
{{trivia|section|date=August 2021}}
* [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]], [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Narbahadur Thapa]], were the first recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
* [[Havildar]] [[Bachittar Singh (soldier)|Bachittar Singh]], [[Naik (military rank)|Naik]] [[Narbahadur Thapa]], were the first recipients of the Ashoka Chakra.
 
*Shri Amrat Lal Mehra was first youngest recipient of Ashoka Chakra from Madhya Pradesh
* [[Flight lieutenant|Flight Lieutenant]] [[Suhas Biswas]] was the first recipient of the Ashoka Chakra from [[Indian Air Force]].
* [[Flight lieutenant|Flight Lieutenant]] [[Suhas Biswas]] was the first recipient of the Ashoka Chakra from [[Indian Air Force]].
* [[Paratrooper]] [[Sanjog Chhetri]] (aged 20 when posthumously awarded) was the youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
* [[Paratrooper]] [[Sanjog Chhetri]] (aged 20 when posthumously awarded) was the youngest recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
 
* [[Colonel]] [[Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair]] was awarded both Ashoka Chakra and [[Kirti Chakra]].
* [[Colonel]] [[Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair]] was awarded both Ashoka Chakra and [[Kirti Chakra]].  
* Damodar Kashinath Jatar, a pilot who was the first civilian recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
 
* [[Colonel]] [[Yuri Malyshev (cosmonaut)|Yury Malyshev]] and [[Flight engineer|Flight Engineer]] [[Gennadi Strekalov]] from Russia were the first foreign recipients of the Ashoka Chakra. (both were astronauts)
* Damodar Kashinath Jatar, a pilot who was the first civilian recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.  
* [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] [[Rakesh Sharma]] is the first Indian astronaut to be awarded the Ashoka Chakra.
 
* [[Colonel]] [[Yuri Malyshev (cosmonaut)|Yury Malyshev]] and [[Flight engineer|Flight Engineer]] [[Gennadi Strekalov]] from Russia were the first foreigners recipient of the Ashoka Chakra. (both were astronauts)  
 
* [[Wing commander (rank)|Wing Commander]] [[Rakesh Sharma]] is the first Indian astronaut to be awarded with the Ashoka Chakra.  
 
* [[Neerja Bhanot]], a flight attendant of PAN AM who was the first female recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
* [[Neerja Bhanot]], a flight attendant of PAN AM who was the first female recipient of the Ashoka Chakra.
* [[Kamlesh Kumari]], a constable of [[CRPF]] who was the first recipient of the Ashoka Chakra from [[Central Armed Police Forces]].
* [[Kamlesh Kumari]], a constable of [[CRPF]] who was the first recipient of the Ashoka Chakra from [[Central Armed Police Forces]].
 
* [[Bhure Lal]], a constable from [[Madhya Pradesh Police]] who is the first state policeman to be awarded the Ashoka Chakra. (Note that Shankar Lal Shrivastava, a retired head constable from [[Madhya Pradesh Police]] was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 1967.)
* [[Bhure Lal]], a constable from [[Madhya Pradesh Police]] who is the first state policeman to be awarded with the Ashoka Chakra. (Note that Shankar Lal Shrivastava, a retired head constable from [[Madhya Pradesh Police]] was posthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra in 1967.)
* Lt. Col. Harsh Uday Singh Gaur,10 Bihar Regiment. On November 29, 1994. https://www.mynation.com/news/saluting-lt-col-harsh-uday-singh-gaur-ashok-chakra-posthumous--pj04mf


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Memorials to Ashoka]]
[[Category:Memorials to Ashoka]]
[[Category:Ashoka Chakra]]
[[Category:Ashoka Chakra]]
[[Category:Courage awards]]

Revision as of 08:21, 13 December 2022


This article is about the military decoration. For the symbol, see Ashoka Chakra.
Ashoka Chakra


Ashoka Chakra and its ribbon
TypeMedal
Awarded forIndia's highest peacetime military decoration
CountryIndia India
Presented byIndia Republic of India
Eligibility
  • Officers, men and women of all ranks of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force, of any of the Reserve Forces, of the Territorial Army, Militia and of any other lawfully constituted forces.
  • Members of the Nursing Services of the Armed Forces.
  • Civilian Citizens of either sex in all walks of life and members of Police Forces including Central Para-Military Forces and Railway protection Force.[1]
Post-nominalsAC
StatusActive
Established1952; 74 years ago (1952)
First awarded1952
Last awarded2021
Total86 (As of 2021)[2][3]
Total awarded posthumously68
Total recipients86
Precedence
Next (higher) Bharat Ratna
Equivalent Param Vir Chakra[lower-alpha 1][5][6][7]
Next (lower) Padma Vibhushan[8]

The Ashoka Chakra (alternative spelling: Ashok Chakra) is India's highest peacetime military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra (PVC) and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" other than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilian personnel.

Naik Narbahadur Thapa, Havildar Bachittar Singh and Flight Lieutenant Suhas Biswas were the first recipients of the Ashoka Chakra. Subsequent awards of the Ashoka Chakra are recognized by a bar to the medal ribbon. A recipient can be awarded the Kirti Chakra or Shaurya Chakra in addition to separate acts of gallantry.

History

The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I" as the first step of a three-class sequence of non-combatant bravery decorations. In 1967, these decorations were removed from the "class-based" system and renamed as the Ashoka Chakra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. This is an important point in understanding the independent Indian view of decorations. It would also lead to changes in the Padma Vibhushan series, the distinguished service medal series, the life-saving medal series, and the Defence Security Corps medal series.

From 1 February 1999, the central government instituted a monthly stipend for Ashoka Chakra recipients of Rs. 1400. Jammu and Kashmir awarded a cash award of Rs. 1500 for recipients of this award.

Overview

Obverse: Circular gold gilt, 1-3/8 inches in diameter. In the center, the chakra (wheel) of Ashoka, is surrounded by a lotus wreath with an ornate edge. Suspended by a straight bar suspender. The medal is named on the edge.

Reverse: Blank in the center, with "Ashoka Chakra" in Hindi along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim. On either side is a lotus design. The center is blank, perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there. There is no indication of the class on the pre-1967 awards, and, in fact, there is no difference between these medals & the post-1967 awards.

Ribbon: 32 mm, dark green with a 2 mm central saffron stripe.

Ashoka Chakra recipients

As of August 2021, the medal has been awarded to 86 awardees, of which 68 were to posthumous recipients.

Key
* Indicates posthumous honour
List of award recipients, showing the year
Year Rank Recipient Branch Refs.
2021 Assistant Sub-Inspector Babu Ram * Jammu and Kashmir Police [9]
2019 Lance Naik Nazir Ahmad Wani * Territorial Army (Indian Army) [10]
2018 Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala * Indian Air Force [3]
2017 Havildar Hangpan Dada * Indian Army [11]
2016 Lance Naik Mohan Goswami * Indian Army [11]
2014 Major Mukund Varadarajan * Indian Army [11]
Naik Neeraj Kumar Singh * Indian Army [11]
Sub-Inspector K. Prasad Babu * Andhra Pradesh Police [12]
2012 Lieutenant Navdeep Singh * Indian Army [11]
2011 Major Laishram Jyotin Singh * Indian Army [11]
2010 Havildar Rajesh Kumar * Indian Army [11]
Major D. Sreeram Kumar Indian Army [11]
Major Mohit Sharma * Indian Army [11]
2009 Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra * Indian Army [13]
Joint Commissioner of Police Hemant Karkare * Indian Police Service [13]
Inspector Vijay Salaskar * Maharashtra Police Service [13]
Additional Commissioner of Police Ashok Kamte * Indian Police Service [13]
Assistant Sub-Inspector Tukaram Omble * Maharashtra Police Service [13]
Havildar Gajender Singh Bisht * NSG [13]
Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan * NSG [13]
Inspector Mohan Chand Sharma * Delhi Police [13]
Colonel Jojan Thomas * Indian Army [13]
Deputy Superintendent of Police R. P. Diengdoh * Meghalaya Police [13]
Assistant Commandant of Police Pramod Kumar Satapathy * Odisha Police [13]
2008 Major Dinesh Raghu Raman * Indian Army [14]
2007 Captain Radhakrishnan Nair Harshan * Indian Army [14]
Naib Subedar Chuni Lal * Indian Army [14]
Colonel Vasanth Venugopal * Indian Army [14]
2004 Lieutenant Triveni Singh * Indian Army [14]
Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri * Indian Army [14]
2003 Subedar Major (Assistant Commander Grade I.) Suresh Chand Yadav * National Security Guard [15]
2002 Subedar Surinder Singh * Indian Army [14]
Naik Rambeer Singh Tomar * Indian Army [14]
2001 Shri Jagdish Prasad Yadav * Security Assistant Rajya Sabha Secretariat
Shri Matbar Singh Negi * Security Assistant Rajya Sabha Secretariat
Constable Kamlesh Kumari * CRPF [14]
2000 Major Sudhir Kumar Walia * Indian Army [14]
1997 Second Lieutenant Puneet Nath Datt * Indian Army [14]
Lieutenant Colonel Shanti Swarup Rana * Indian Army [14]
1996 Captain Arun Singh Jasrotia * Indian Army [14]
1995 Major Rajiv Kumar Joon * Indian Army [14]
Subedar Sujjan Singh * Indian Army [14]
Lieutenant Colonel Harsh Uday Singh Gaur * Indian Army [14]
1994 Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair * Indian Army [14]
1993 Second Lieutenant Rakesh Singh * Indian Army [14]
1992 Captain Sandeep Sankhla * Indian Army [16]
1991 Police Officer Randhir Prasad Verma * Police Service [16]
1987 Flight Attendant Neerja Bhanot * Pan Am [16]
1986 Shri Vijay Jagirdar * Civilian
1985 Lance Havildar Chhering Mutup Indian Army [16]
Naik Nirbhay Singh * Indian Army [16]
Naik Bhawani Datt Joshi * Indian Army [16]
Lieutenant Ram Prakash Roperia * Indian Army [16]
Captain Jasbir Singh Raina Indian Army [16]
Major Bhukant Misra * Indian Army [16]
Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma Indian Air Force [16]
1984 Flight Engineer Gennadi Strekalov Soviet Flight Engineer [16]
Colonel Yury Malyshev Soviet Airforce [16]
1981 Second Lieutenant Cyrus Addie Pithawalla Indian Army [16]
1974 Shri Munni Lal * Civilian
Naib Subedar Gurnam Singh * Indian Army [16]
1972 Shri Bhure Lal Madhya Pradesh Police
Captain Ummed Singh Mahra * Indian Army [16]
1971 Shri Baij Nath Singh * Civilian
1969 Captain Jas Ram Singh Indian Army [16]
1968 Shri Takhat Singh * Civilian [17]
Shri Lakhan Singh Civilian
Shri Hukum Singh Civilian
Shri Govind Singh Civilian
Shri Dhanpat Singh Civilian
1967 Head Constable Shankar Lal Shrivastava * Madhya Pradesh Police
1965 Shri Tej Singh * Civilian
Shri Lajja Ram * Civilian
Shri Chaman Lal * Civilian
Shri Purshottam * Civilian [16]
1962 Subedar Major Kharka Bahadur Limbu * Indian Army [16]
Captain Man Bahadur Rai Indian Army [16]
1958 Captain Eric James Tucker * Indian Army [16]
1957 Lieutenant Colonel Jagannath Raoji Chitnis * Indian Army [16]
Second Lieutenant Pollur Mutthuswamy Raman * Indian Army [16]
Havildar Joginder Singh * Indian Army [16]
1956 Lance Naik Sundar Singh Indian Army [16]
1955 Pilot Damodar Kashinath Jatar * Air India
1953 Flight Lieutenant Suhas Biswas Indian Air Force [16]
1952 Naik Narbahadur Thapa Indian Army [16]
Havildar Bachittar Singh * Indian Army [16]

Ashoka Chakra recipients by year and service

Template:Bar graph

Template:Bar graph

Superlatives

Template:Trivia

References

  1. ↑ Though the Ashoka Chakra is placed below the PVC in order of wear, it is considered as a peacetime equivalent to Param Vir Chakra (or PVC).[4]
  • Chakravorty, B.C. (1995), Stories of Heroism: PVC & MVC Winners, New Delhi: Allied Publishers, ISBN 978-81-7023-516-3
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.indianarmy.gov.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=p6xUHC5yMgV3Tyuw9ZIb6w==&ParentID=tFRV4t12pKRhSFm2sMq5yQ== [dead link]
  2. ↑ "Awardees - Gallantry Awards". gallantryawards.gov.in.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Martyred Corporal Jyoti Prakash Nirala joins elite IAF club tomorrow | India News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  4. ↑ "Awards Warb" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  5. ↑ Chakravorty 1995, p. 40.
  6. ↑ "Precedence of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
  7. ↑ "Precedence of Medals". indianarmy.nic.in/. Indian Army. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  8. ↑ "Precedence of Medals". Indian Army, Govt of India official website.
  9. ↑ "As Jammu and Kashmir Police bags gallantry medals, DGP heaps praises". Hindustan Times. 14 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "411 Republic Day Gallantry and Other Defence Decorations Announced". pib.nic.in. Press Information Bureau, Government of India.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 "Ashoka Chakra recipients (2009–16)". Indian Army Web Portal. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  12. ↑ "The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee giving away the highest gallantry award Ashok Chakra to Shri K. Venkatraman father of the Reserve Inspector, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Shri K.L.V.S.S.H.N.V. Prasad Babu, (Posthumous), during the 65th Republic Day Parade 2014, in New Delhi on January 26, 2014". Press Information Bureau, India. 26 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 "Ashoka Chakra awardees and their saga of gallantry" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, India. 25 January 2022. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  14. ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 "Ashoka Chakra recipients (1993–2009)". Indian Army Web Portal. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  15. ↑ "Suresh Chand Yadav". National Security Guards. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 "Ashoka Chakra recipients (1952–92)". Indian Army Web Portal. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
  17. ↑ Aggarwal, Rashmi (2021). "Sri Takhat Singh". Ashoka Chakra Recipients. p. 63.

External links

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