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Padmasali (caste): Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Hindu weavers caste}} | {{short description|Hindu weavers caste}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}} | ||
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| native_name_lang = | | native_name_lang = | ||
| popplace = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Tamil Nadu]] | | popplace = [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]], [[Tamil Nadu]] | ||
| langs = [[ | | langs = [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Tulu language|Tulu]] | ||
| rels = [[Hinduism]] | | rels = [[Hinduism]] | ||
| related = [[Saliya]], [[Devanga]], [[Pattusali]], [[Pattariyar]] | | related = [[Saliya]], [[Devanga]],[[Devanga Chettiar]], [[Pattusali]], [[Pattariyar]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Padmasali''' (also spelt as '''Padmashali, Padmasale'''<ref name="world" />) is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] residing in the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/scrolls-masks-how-telanganas-400-yr-old-cheriyal-paintings-have-evolved-87843|title=From scrolls to masks: how Telangana's 400 years old cheriyal paintings have evolved|website=www.thenewsminute.com|date=5 September 2018|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ|title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563357-3|location=|page=1654|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3YMAQAAMAAJ|title=Identity, ecology, social organization, economy, linkages and development process: a quantitative profile|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=India|first2=Anthropological Survey of|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563353-5|location=|page=109|language=en}}</ref> Their traditional occupation is [[weaving]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FH_tAAAAMAAJ|title=Indian silk industry|last=Shivappa|first=H. V.|date=2001|publisher=Ganga Kaveri Pub. House|isbn=9788185694351|location=|page=67|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMyAAAAAMAAJ|title=Man in India|last=Roy|first=Sarat Chandra|date=1992|publisher=A. K. Bose|isbn=|location=|page=143|language=en}}</ref> | '''Padmasali''' (also spelt as '''Padmashali, Padmasale'''<ref name="world" />) is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] residing in the [[Indian people|Indian]] [[States and union territories of India|states]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/scrolls-masks-how-telanganas-400-yr-old-cheriyal-paintings-have-evolved-87843|title=From scrolls to masks: how Telangana's 400 years old cheriyal paintings have evolved|website=www.thenewsminute.com|date=5 September 2018|access-date=2019-08-25}}</ref> [[Karnataka]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ|title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles|last=Singh|first=Kumar Suresh|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563357-3|location=|page=1654|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3YMAQAAMAAJ|title=Identity, ecology, social organization, economy, linkages and development process: a quantitative profile|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=India|first2=Anthropological Survey of|date=1996|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-0-19-563353-5|location=|page=109|language=en}}</ref> Their traditional occupation is [[weaving]] and trading.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FH_tAAAAMAAJ|title=Indian silk industry|last=Shivappa|first=H. V.|date=2001|publisher=Ganga Kaveri Pub. House|isbn=9788185694351|location=|page=67|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMyAAAAAMAAJ|title=Man in India|last=Roy|first=Sarat Chandra|date=1992|publisher=A. K. Bose|isbn=|location=|page=143|language=en}}</ref> | ||
== Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
| Line 19: | Line 18: | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The Padmasalis | The Padmasalis are part of the wider community of Telugu weavers, who are known as "[[Saliya|Sale]]" or "[[Saliya]]". Historically, they were also referred to by other castes as "Julai".{{Sfn|Kumaran|1992|p=141, 153}} | ||
The Padmasalis and | The Padmasalis follow their mythological origins and ''[[Puranas]]'' such as ''Kulapurana'' and ''[[Markandeya Purana]]''.<ref name="world" /> | ||
The Padmasalis | The Padmasalis and the [[Devanga]]s, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed [[Vaishnavism]]. The caste then split due to differences in faith, with the Devangas being influenced by [[Lingayatism]] and accepting Chamundeswari, the fierce form of [[Durga]] as their [[kuladevata|kuladevi]]. The Padmasalis maintained their belief in Vaishnavism. The Padmasalis eventually specialised in weaving clothes of all varieties.<ref name="world">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t5XlI91kP3YC&pg=PA31|title=The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-C.1850|last1=P|first1=Swarnalatha|publisher=Orient Longman Private Limited|year=2005|isbn=978-8-12502-868-0|edition=2005|location=Hyderabad|pages=31–41}}</ref> | ||
The 101 children correspond to the 101 gotras of the Padmasalis. These gotras are used to regulate marriages, however Husan noted in 1920 that the many illiterate Padmasalis were unaware that their caste had gotras. Only a few Padmasalis have the [[Brahmin gotra|Brahmin gotras]]. The guru of the Padmasalis, Tata Acharya, and his deputy, Pattabhai Ramaswamy, traveled throughout regions where the Padmasalis lived and tried to raise their social and religious status. They advised the Padmasalis to become vegetarians, to not drink liquor, to prohibit the re-marriage of widows, to wear the sacred thread, and perform Brahmanical rites.<ref name=":0" /> | The Padmasalis are of [[Shudra]] origin,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Evans-Pritchard|first=Edwards Evans|title=Peoples of the Earth: The Indian subcontinent (including Ceylon)|publisher=Danbury Press|year=1973|pages=53}}</ref> but through the process of [[Sanskritisation]] they claim to be of [[Brahmin]] status. They created various myths in order to reconcile their low-status in the [[Caste system in India|Hindu caste-system]] with their claims to high-caste Sanskritic Brahmin status. In one myth, for example, the [[Rishi|sage]] [[Markandeya]] performed a sacrifice and out of the sacrifice came Bhavanarishi, who married two daughters of the sun god [[Surya]] and had 101 sons. The Padmasalis claim to be the descendants of these 101 sons and that they followed Brahmin rites and customs until [[Kali Yuga]], the last of the four ages in Hindu chronology. According to the myth, one member of the caste refused to reveal the secrets of the caste gem, the Padmaksha, to the god [[Ganapati]]. Angered, Ganapati cursed them to be of low status.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Kumaran|first=K. P.|title=Migration Settlement and Ethnic Associations|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|year=1992|pages=142–145, 153}}</ref> | ||
The 101 children correspond to the 101 gotras of the Padmasalis. These gotras are used to regulate marriages, however Husan noted in 1920 that the many illiterate Padmasalis were unaware that their caste had gotras. Only a few Padmasalis have the [[Brahmin gotra|Brahmin gotras]]. The guru of the Padmasalis, Tata Acharya, and his deputy, Pattabhai Ramaswamy, traveled throughout regions where the Padmasalis lived and tried to raise their social and religious status. They along with the Padmasali Mahasabha advised the Padmasalis to become vegetarians, to not drink liquor, to prohibit the re-marriage of widows, to prohibit child-marriage, to wear the sacred thread, and perform Brahmanical rites. This was done as the previous religious customs of the Padmasalis were seen as being indicative of their low status in the Hindu caste system, and so sought to erase them in order to obtain greater socio-religious status.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== Present == | == Present == | ||
| Line 33: | Line 34: | ||
The Padmasalis wear the sacred thread.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Subrahmanyam|first=Y. Subhashini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=es4iAAAAMAAJ|title=Social Change in Village India: An Andhra Case Study|date=1975|publisher=Prithvi Raj Publishers|isbn=|location=|pages=76|language=en}}</ref>, however this practice has declined in recent years, along with desires of [[Sanskritisation]] and high caste status.<ref name=":0" /> | The Padmasalis wear the sacred thread.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Subrahmanyam|first=Y. Subhashini|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=es4iAAAAMAAJ|title=Social Change in Village India: An Andhra Case Study|date=1975|publisher=Prithvi Raj Publishers|isbn=|location=|pages=76|language=en}}</ref>, however this practice has declined in recent years, along with desires of [[Sanskritisation]] and high caste status.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| Line 53: | Line 49: | ||
* [http://www.padmashaliinternational.org/ Padmashali International Welfare Association, Vijayawada] | * [http://www.padmashaliinternational.org/ Padmashali International Welfare Association, Vijayawada] | ||
[[Category:Indian castes]] | [[Category:Indian castes]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:27, 14 August 2023
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu | |
| Languages | |
| Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Marathi, Gujarati, Tulu | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Saliya, Devanga,Devanga Chettiar, Pattusali, Pattariyar |
Padmasali (also spelt as Padmashali, Padmasale[1]) is a Hindu caste residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,[2] Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.[3][4] Their traditional occupation is weaving and trading.[5][6]
Etymology[edit]
The term Padmasali is derived from two words Padma and Sali, The Padma means lotus and Sali means weaver.[7] The word Padma referring to the myth of the thread was a lotus which sprang from the navel of Vishnu.[8]
History[edit]
The Padmasalis are part of the wider community of Telugu weavers, who are known as "Sale" or "Saliya". Historically, they were also referred to by other castes as "Julai".[9]
The Padmasalis follow their mythological origins and Puranas such as Kulapurana and Markandeya Purana.[1]
The Padmasalis and the Devangas, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed Vaishnavism. The caste then split due to differences in faith, with the Devangas being influenced by Lingayatism and accepting Chamundeswari, the fierce form of Durga as their kuladevi. The Padmasalis maintained their belief in Vaishnavism. The Padmasalis eventually specialised in weaving clothes of all varieties.[1]
The Padmasalis are of Shudra origin,[10] but through the process of Sanskritisation they claim to be of Brahmin status. They created various myths in order to reconcile their low-status in the Hindu caste-system with their claims to high-caste Sanskritic Brahmin status. In one myth, for example, the sage Markandeya performed a sacrifice and out of the sacrifice came Bhavanarishi, who married two daughters of the sun god Surya and had 101 sons. The Padmasalis claim to be the descendants of these 101 sons and that they followed Brahmin rites and customs until Kali Yuga, the last of the four ages in Hindu chronology. According to the myth, one member of the caste refused to reveal the secrets of the caste gem, the Padmaksha, to the god Ganapati. Angered, Ganapati cursed them to be of low status.[11]
The 101 children correspond to the 101 gotras of the Padmasalis. These gotras are used to regulate marriages, however Husan noted in 1920 that the many illiterate Padmasalis were unaware that their caste had gotras. Only a few Padmasalis have the Brahmin gotras. The guru of the Padmasalis, Tata Acharya, and his deputy, Pattabhai Ramaswamy, traveled throughout regions where the Padmasalis lived and tried to raise their social and religious status. They along with the Padmasali Mahasabha advised the Padmasalis to become vegetarians, to not drink liquor, to prohibit the re-marriage of widows, to prohibit child-marriage, to wear the sacred thread, and perform Brahmanical rites. This was done as the previous religious customs of the Padmasalis were seen as being indicative of their low status in the Hindu caste system, and so sought to erase them in order to obtain greater socio-religious status.[11]
Present[edit]
The Padmasalis are further divided into two groups based on Sampradaya, being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas. While the Shaivas give preference to worshipping Shiva, the Vaishnavas give preference to worship of Vishnu. These religious and occupational distinctions are no bar to interdining and intermarriage.[1]
They worship local goddesses such as Chamundeswari and Yellamma. The latter is traditionally considered to be the mother of Parasurama and is identified with Renuka.[1]
The Padmasalis wear the sacred thread.[12], however this practice has declined in recent years, along with desires of Sanskritisation and high caste status.[11]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 P, Swarnalatha (2005). The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750-C.1850 (2005 ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman Private Limited. pp. 31–41. ISBN 978-8-12502-868-0.
- ↑ "From scrolls to masks: how Telangana's 400 years old cheriyal paintings have evolved". www.thenewsminute.com. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1654. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
- ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; India, Anthropological Survey of (1996). Identity, ecology, social organization, economy, linkages and development process: a quantitative profile. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-19-563353-5.
- ↑ Shivappa, H. V. (2001). Indian silk industry. Ganga Kaveri Pub. House. p. 67. ISBN 9788185694351.
- ↑ Roy, Sarat Chandra (1992). Man in India. A. K. Bose. p. 143.
- ↑ The Indian Textile Journal. Business Press. 1984. p. 63.
- ↑ Arterburn, Yvonne J. (1982). The loom of interdependence: silkweaving cooperatives in Kanchipuram. Hindustan Pub. Co. p. 46. ISBN 9780391027497.
- ↑ Kumaran 1992, p. 141, 153.
- ↑ Evans-Pritchard, Edwards Evans (1973). Peoples of the Earth: The Indian subcontinent (including Ceylon). Danbury Press. p. 53.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Kumaran, K. P. (1992). Migration Settlement and Ethnic Associations. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 142–145, 153.
- ↑ Subrahmanyam, Y. Subhashini (1975). Social Change in Village India: An Andhra Case Study. Prithvi Raj Publishers. p. 76.