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| {{short description|Indian princley state (1348 - 1949)}}
| | #REDIRECT [[Karauli state]] |
| {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} | | |
| {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | | {{Redirect category shell| |
| {{Infobox former subdivision
| | {{R from move}} |
| |native_name = करौली रियासत
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| |conventional_long_name =Karauli State
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| |common_name =Karauli
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| |nation = [[British India]]
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| |subdivision = [[Princely State]]
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| |era =
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| |year_start = 1348
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| |date_start =
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| |event_start=
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| |year_end = 1949
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| |date_end =
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| |event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
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| |event1 =
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| |date_event1 =
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| |p1 =
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| |s1 = Matsya Union
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| |flag_p1 =
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| |flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
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| |image_flag = Flag of Karauli.svg
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| |image_coat = Karauli State CoA.png
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| |image_map = Alwar-karauli map.jpg
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| |image_map_caption = Karauli State in the [[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]
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| |stat_area1 = 3216
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| |stat_year1 = 1931
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| |stat_pop1 = 140,525
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| |footnotes =
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| |today = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]
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| }} | | }} |
| [[File:Timangarh.jpg|thumb|275px|View of [[Timan Garh]] Fort in former Karauli State. Its foundations are said to have been built in the 2 century AD.]]
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| '''Karauli State'''<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', v. 15, p. 26.]</ref> was a [[princely state]] in India from 1348 to 1949. It is located in the [[Braj]] region. Karauli city was the capital while [[Mandrayal]] or Mandrail was another important town.
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| ==Geography==
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| The state had an area of {{convert|3,178|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. In 1901, the population of the state was 156,786, and that of the town was 23,482. [[Millet]]s, the staple food of the people,<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Karauli |volume=15 |page=677}}</ref> was the main agricultural produce. As of the early 20th century, there were no major industries; a little weaving, dyeing, wood-turning, and stone cutting constituted the notable cottage industries.<ref name=EB1911/> Most goods, as also salt, sugar, cotton, buffaloes, and bullocks, were imported; rice and goats comprised the main exports.<ref name=EB1911/>
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| ==History==
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| According to the official genealogies of [[Jadons|Jadon Rajput]] ruled [[Karauli]] state,it is mentioned that one Dharmpal of the Yaduvanshi Lineage, 77th in descent from [[Krishna]] had migrated from the [[Dwarka]] the ancient seat of Yadavas to [[North India]] and conquered the [[Bayana]], [[Mewat]] in 810 CE. His descendants continued to rule over the land and acknowledged the suzerainty of the Imperial [[Pratihar Rajput]]s of the [[Kannauj]]<ref>Jadon Vanisyo ka Itihas -Karauli ka Vijaypala ,pg- 19-27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section) Rajasthan Archives Office,Bikaner.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cunningham|first=Sir Alexander|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=6lhBAQAAIAAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&redir_esc=y|title=Report of a Tour in Eastern Rajputana in 1882-83|date=1885|publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing|language=en}}</ref><ref>Yadav Vansho ka Itihas Sambat 867 Vikarmi se 1094 tak ,No 269 ,8/27 ,Alwar Puralekhiy (Non -archival -Library Section ),Rajasthan Archives Office ,Bikaner .</ref>
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| [[File:Vijay_Garh_Fort_on_the_Hill_top.jpg|thumb|The VijayaGarh fort constructed by Maharaja Vijaypal]]
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| The recorded accounts of [[Jadaun Rajputs]] ruled [[Karauli State]] begins with the accession of Vijaypal of [[Bayana]] in [[Bharatpur State|Bharatpur region]] who was 11th in descent from Dharampal and 88th in descent from [[Krishna]] in around A.D.1043.The construction of fortress of famous [[Vijaygarh Fort|Vijayamandirgarh]] is attributed to Vijaypal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Dr Gopinath|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.400797|title=Rajasthan Ke Itihas Ke Srot|date=1903|page=66-67}}</ref><ref>Gazetteer of the Karauli State by Captain Percy Powlett.1874 ,part I ,p.3.</ref>
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| The Maharaja of Karauli is considered as the head of the [[Jadaun Rajputs]] clan. The [[Jadaun]]s once ruled the kingdom of Braj which included [[Alwar]], [[Bharatpur, Rajasthan|Bharatpur]], [[Karauli]] and [[Dholpur]]. In 1196 Kunwar Pal lost all of his territories to the invading [[Ghurid Dynasty|Ghurids]]. One of the scions called Arjun Pal was able to recover some of his ancestral lands and founded the town of [[Karauli]]. The [[Jadaun]]s remained independent for a century until their lands were once again captured by Mahmud I of [[Malwa]]. The [[Jadaun Rajputs]]s remained insignificant until they gained patronage under the Mughal emperor [[Akbar]],through his gallantry displayed in Akbar’s campaigns in the [[Daulatabad Fort|Siege of Daulatabad]], Akbar rewarded Gopaldas the erstwhile ancestral lands of the Yaduvamshis,the Jadaun ruler Gopaldas was made the Maharaja of [[Karauli]] and was made the commander of 2000, he also led the foundation of [[Agra fort]] which will serve as power of seat of India for centuries to follow, on the orders of the Mughal emperor.<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=718|isbn=8129108909}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 15, page 26 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif|access-date=2021-06-03|website=dsal.uchicago.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Crooke|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCc-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y|title=An Ethnographical Hand-book for the N.-W. Provinces and Oudh|date=1890|publisher=North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press|language=en}}</ref>
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| The Jadoun [[Rajput]]s are [[Ahir]] by origin.<ref name="ahir">{{cite book|last1=Cunningham|first1=Joseph Davey|last2=Garrett|first2=H. L. O.|title=A History of the Sikhs from the Origin of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=9788120609501|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdPFkAsDJVgC&pg=PA7&dq=ahir+rajput+raja&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjLssCxkKjMAhUGkY4KHRYUCXM4FBDoAQgsMAQ#v=onepage&q=ahir%20rajput%20raja&f=false|accessdate=24 April 2016|language=en}}</ref> His Highness the Maharaja maintains a military force of 281 cavalry, 1640 infantry, and 56 guns, and is entitled to a salute of 17 guns (as of 1892). The Britishers later occupied it, and they ruled up to 1947. The Maharaja's palace is a handsome block of buildings, some of them dating to the mid-18th century.<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Karauli |volume=15 |page=677}}</ref>
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| ===British Raj===
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| {{more citations needed|date=January 2017}}
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| After the decline of the Mughal empire in the 18th century, Karauli was under the [[Maratha Empire]] until the Marathas were defeated by the British. In 1817, Karauli's ruler signed a treaty with the [[East India Company]] and became a [[British protectorate]], the status was maintained till the independence of India in 1947.
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| After India's independence in 1947, the state under Maharaja Ganesh Pal Deo acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] on 7 April 1949; Karauli later merged with the [[Dominion of India|Union of India]] and became part of the state of [[Rajasthan]].
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| ===Rulers===
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| The rulers of the state bore the title '[[Maharaja|'''Maharaja''']]'.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html Princely States of India]</ref>
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| ====Maharajas====
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| {{unreferenced section|date=June 2017}}
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| The list names of the rulers of Bayana and later Karauli family are as follows:
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| * Dharampal (810 AD)
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| * Vijaypal (1043 AD)
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| * Tahanpala (1060)
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| * Dharam Pala II(1090 AD)
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| * Kunwarpala (1120 AD)
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| * Aajya Pala (1150 AD)
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| * Hari pala (1180 AD)
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| * Sohan Pala (1196 AD)
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| * Ananga Pala (1220 AD)
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| * Prithi Pala (1242 AD)
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| * Raja Pala (1264 AD)
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| * Trilok Pala (1286 AD)
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| * Vipala pala (1308 AD)
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| * Asala Pala (1330 AD)
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| * Gugola pala (1352 AD)
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| * Arjuna Pala (1374 AD) -he founded Jaduan state of [[Karauli State|Karauli]] in 1348 AD
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| * Vikramajit (1396 AD)
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| * Abhay chand pala (1418 AD)
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| * Prithvi Raj pala (1440)
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| * Chandrasen or Chandrapal (1462 AD)
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| * Bharti chand (1484 AD)
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| * Gopaldas (1506 AD)
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| * Dwarakadas (1528 AD)
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| *1691 – 1734: Kanwar Pal II
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| *1734 – 1757: Gopal Singh (d. 1757)
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| *1757 – 24 Oct 1772: Tarsam Pal (d. 1772)
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| *1772 – 1804: Manak Pal (d. 1804)
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| *1804 – 1805: Amola Pal (d. 1805)
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| *1805 – 1837: Herbaksh Pal (b. {{circa}} 1792 – d. 1837)
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| *1837 – 1849: Pratap Pal (d. 1849)
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| *1849 – 10 Jul 1852:Narsingh Pal (d. 1852)
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| *4 Sep 1852 – 14 Mar 1854: Bharat Pal
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| *14 Mar 1854 – 16 Aug 1869: Madan Pal (d. 1869) (from 12 Feb 1866, Sir Madan Pal)
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| *1869: Lakshman Pal
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| *1869 – 17 Nov 1875: Jaisingh Pal (d. 1875)
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| *1869 – 1871: Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar – Regent
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| *Jan 1876 – 14 Aug 1886: Arjun Pal II (d. 1886)
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| *14 Aug 1886 – 3 Aug 1927: Bhanwar Pal (b. 1864 – d. 1927) (from 22 Jun 1897, Sir Bhanwar Pal)
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| * 3 Aug 1927 – 6 Apr 1947: Bhom Pal (b. 1866 – d. 1947) (from 1 Jan 1935, Sir Bhom Pal)
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| * 6 Apr 1940 – 15 Aug 1947: Ganesh Pal (b. 1906 – d. 1984)
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Political integration of India]]
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| *[[Rajputana Agency]]
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| *[[Jadaun Rajputs]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.japhila.cz/hof/0128/index0128a.htm Revenue Stamps of the Princely State of Karauli] Exhibit by Jiří Černý
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| {{Princely states of India}}
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| {{coord|26.3|N|77.23|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}
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| [[Category:Karauli district|*]]
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| [[Category:Rajputana Agency]]
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| [[Category:Rajputs]]
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| [[Category:1348 establishments in Asia]]
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| [[Category:14th-century establishments in India]]
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| [[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]
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