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| pushpin_map_alt = | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|12. | | coordinates = {{coord|12.49266|N|78.56808|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name = India | | subdivision_name = India | ||
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| website = {{URL|tirupathur.nic.in}} | | website = {{URL|tirupathur.nic.in}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Tirupathur'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 January 2021|title=Tirupathur District|url=https://tirupathur.nic.in/ | '''Tirupathur'''<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 January 2021|title=Tirupathur District|url=https://tirupathur.nic.in/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 January 2021|website=|publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry Of Electronics and Information Technology, Government Of India}}</ref> or '''Tirupattur'''<ref name=religion2011/> is the headquarters of [[Tirupathur district]] in the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] in India and is one of the oldest inhabited places in the state, with a history of over 1,600 years. The town is known for an abundance of [[sandalwood]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tirupattur |url=https://tnfusa.org/mann-vaasanai/tirupattur/ |access-date=2024-05-14 |website=Tamil Nadu Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> in the surrounding hills. It is located about {{cvt|89|km}} from [[Vellore]], {{cvt|85|km}} from [[Hosur]], {{cvt|60|km}} from [[Dharmapuri]], {{cvt|50|km}} from [[Krishnagiri]], {{cvt|50|km}} from [[Thiruvannamalai]], | ||
{{cvt|279|km}} from [[coimbatore ]], | |||
{{cvt|210|km}} from [[Chennai]], and {{cvt|125|km}} from [[Bangalore]].{{citation needed|date=December 2025}} | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
From inscriptions surveyed by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in Tirupathur, it is estimated that the town is more than 1,600 years old. Under the [[Cholas|Chola]], [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]], and [[Hoysalas|Hoysala]] dynasties, the town was variously called Sri Mathava Chaturvedi Mangalam, Veera Narayana Chaturvedi Mangalam, Tiruperur, Brahmapuram and Brahmeeswaram. | |||
Tirupathur means "Ten Towns". It is a [[Taluk]], with villages such as Aathiyur (Beginning) and Kodiyur (Ending). It has many ancient Vishnu and Shiva temples, and water tanks built during the [[Hoysala Empire|Hoysala Dynasty]]. It is well connected by road and rail to the other important cities of [[Tamil Nadu]] such as [[Vellore]], [[Chennai]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Coimbatore]] and [[Thiruvannamalai]] and to [[Bangalore]] in [[Karnataka]]. The town has the resting places of many Islamic saints. As of 2011, the town had a population of 64,125. | |||
''Tiruppattur'' is located 137 miles (220 km) from [[Chennai|Madras]] along the south-west line of the [[Madras Railway]]. Historically, it has been a favoured administrative station and was the original British capital of then [[Salem district]]. [[Colonel Alexander Read]], the first Collector of the district, established his headquarters in Tiruppattur in 1792.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazetteer Of India Vol 23 |date=1908 |publisher=Trübner & Co. |location=London |page=395 |edition=2 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-imperial-gazetteer-of-india-vol-23/page/394/mode/2up}}</ref> | |||
The town was a part of the Salem district, and later of Vellore district. The Tirupathur sub-division includes Tirupathur, Nattrampalli, Vaniyambadi and Ambur ''taluks''. [[Anna Rajam Malhotra]], India's first female Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, K P S Menon Jr., former foreign secretary to Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], and Dr. T V Somanathan were sub-collectors of Tirupathur during their initial career. | |||
In 1886, the Tirupathur municipality was constituted as a grade three municipality. As per the government order No. 194 | In 1886, the Tirupathur municipality was constituted as a grade three municipality. As per the government order No. 194 dated 10.02.1970, it was reclassified as a second grade municipality. At present, as per the government order No. 654 dated 1.4.1977, it has been reclassified as a first grade municipality. | ||
Tirupattur's population and land area are good enough to have political representations in the state legislature of Tamil Nadu ([[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]), and part of Thiruvannamalai constituency for the | Tirupattur's population and land area are good enough to have political representations in the state legislature of Tamil Nadu ([[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]]), and part of Thiruvannamalai constituency for the Lok Sabha ([[2009 Indian general election|Member of Parliament as of 2009 elections]]). | ||
As of 15 August 2019, the trifurcation of Vellore district resulted in formation of Tirupathur | As of 15 August 2019, the trifurcation of Vellore district resulted in the formation of the Tirupathur district, with Tirupathur town as its headquarters.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-cm-palaniswami-announces-trifurcation-of-vellore-district-1581078-2019-08-15|title=Tamil Nadu CM Palaniswami announces trifurcation of Vellore district|agency=Press Trust of India |date=August 15, 2019 |magazine=India Today|access-date=2019-09-05}}</ref> | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
Tirupathur is | Tirupathur is called "Sandalwood Town" due to the abundance of sandalwood trees in the surrounding hills. It is very close to the [[Yelagiri]] hills, a major hill station of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The town is at an average elevation of {{cvt|388|m}}. The [[Jawadhu Hills block|Jawadhu Hills]], a part of the [[Eastern Ghats|eastern ghats]], are to the east of Tirupathur. The major group of soils found in the town are black (10 percent) and red (90 varieties). Tirupathur town has {{cvt|56.059|km}} of roads. | ||
===Climate=== | ===Climate=== | ||
Tirupathur is known for recording the coolest temperature in the Tamil Nadu plains during winter. The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town experiences sweltering summers and warm winters. The town gets | Tirupathur is known for recording the coolest temperature in the Tamil Nadu plains during winter. The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town experiences sweltering summers and warm winters. The town gets the majority of its rainfall during the south west monsoon period. September and October are the wettest months with around {{cvt|400|mm}} of rain. The town also experiences fairly frequent thunderstorms in late April and May, which gives necessary relief from the heat, along with a dip in night temperatures. The warmest nights are in May, when the town has an average minimum temperature of {{cvt|23.4|°C}}. The coldest nights are in January, when the average minimum temperatures drop to {{cvt|16.1|°C}}. May is the hottest month with an average maximum of {{cvt|37.0|°C}}. The highest ever temperature recorded in the town is {{cvt|46.3|°C}} on 7 May 1976. The lowest ever recorded temperature is {{cvt|10.2|°C}} on 15 December 1974. The highest 24‑hour precipitation is {{cvt|167.3|mm}} received on 4 November 1966. The average annual rainfall being received in the town is {{cvt|877|mm}}. The climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. This climate is considered to be a [[tropical savanna climate]] (''Aw'' according to the [[Köppen–Geiger climate classification system|Köppen–Geiger climate classification]]). | ||
{{Weather box|width = auto | {{Weather box|width = auto | ||
|location = Tirupathur | |location = Tirupathur (1991–2020, extremes 1958–2012) | ||
| metric first = Yes | | metric first = Yes | ||
| single line = Yes | | single line = Yes | ||
| temperature colour = | | temperature colour = | ||
| Jan record high C = 35.6 | | Jan record high C = 35.6 | ||
| Feb record high C = 39.4 | | Feb record high C = 39.4 | ||
| Line 105: | Line 107: | ||
| Dec record high C = 35.0 | | Dec record high C = 35.0 | ||
| year record high C = 46.3 | | year record high C = 46.3 | ||
| Jan high C = 30. | | Jan high C = 30.3 | ||
| Feb high C = 33. | | Feb high C = 33.3 | ||
| Mar high C = 36. | | Mar high C = 36.6 | ||
| Apr high C = 37. | | Apr high C = 37.3 | ||
| May high C = 37. | | May high C = 37.5 | ||
| Jun high C = 35. | | Jun high C = 35.3 | ||
| Jul high C = 34.1 | | Jul high C = 34.1 | ||
| Aug high C = 33. | | Aug high C = 33.1 | ||
| Sep high C = 32. | | Sep high C = 32.8 | ||
| Oct high C = | | Oct high C = 30.9 | ||
| Nov high C = 29. | | Nov high C = 29.3 | ||
| Dec high C = | | Dec high C = 28.6 | ||
| year high C = 33. | | year high C = 33.2 | ||
| Jan low C = 17. | | Jan low C = 17.3 | ||
| Feb low C = 18. | | Feb low C = 18.6 | ||
| Mar low C = | | Mar low C = 20.9 | ||
| Apr low C = 24.1 | | Apr low C = 24.1 | ||
| May low C = 25.1 | | May low C = 25.1 | ||
| Jun low C = 24. | | Jun low C = 24.6 | ||
| Jul low C = 24. | | Jul low C = 24.1 | ||
| Aug low C = 23. | | Aug low C = 23.4 | ||
| Sep low C = 23.0 | | Sep low C = 23.0 | ||
| Oct low C = 22. | | Oct low C = 22.0 | ||
| Nov low C = 20.4 | | Nov low C = 20.4 | ||
| Dec low C = 18. | | Dec low C = 18.0 | ||
| year low C = 21. | | year low C = 21.8 | ||
| Jan record low C = 10.3 | | Jan record low C = 10.3 | ||
| Feb record low C = 10.5 | | Feb record low C = 10.5 | ||
| Line 145: | Line 147: | ||
| year record low C = 10.2 | | year record low C = 10.2 | ||
| rain colour = green | | rain colour = green | ||
| Jan rain mm = | | Jan rain mm = 0.3 | ||
| Feb rain mm = | | Feb rain mm = 2.7 | ||
| Mar rain mm = | | Mar rain mm = 7.3 | ||
| Apr rain mm = | | Apr rain mm = 40.9 | ||
| May rain mm = | | May rain mm = 85.9 | ||
| Jun rain mm = | | Jun rain mm = 65.8 | ||
| Jul rain mm = | | Jul rain mm = 72.7 | ||
| Aug rain mm = | | Aug rain mm = 136.5 | ||
| Sep rain mm = | | Sep rain mm = 146.5 | ||
| Oct rain mm = | | Oct rain mm = 157.1 | ||
| Nov rain mm = | | Nov rain mm = 96.6 | ||
| Dec rain mm = | | Dec rain mm = 34.8 | ||
| Jan rain days = 0. | | year rain mm = 847.1 | ||
| Jan rain days = 0.0 | |||
| Feb rain days = 0.2 | | Feb rain days = 0.2 | ||
| Mar rain days = | | Mar rain days = 0.7 | ||
| Apr rain days = 3.0 | | Apr rain days = 3.0 | ||
| May rain days = 5. | | May rain days = 5.6 | ||
| Jun rain days = 3. | | Jun rain days = 3.9 | ||
| Jul rain days = 4. | | Jul rain days = 4.2 | ||
| Aug rain days = 6. | | Aug rain days = 6.0 | ||
| Sep rain days = | | Sep rain days = 7.8 | ||
| Oct rain days = | | Oct rain days = 9.7 | ||
| Nov rain days = 5. | | Nov rain days = 5.7 | ||
| Dec rain days = 2. | | Dec rain days = 2.2 | ||
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | |time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| Jan humidity = 60 | | Jan humidity = 60 | ||
| Feb humidity = | | Feb humidity = 51 | ||
| Mar humidity = | | Mar humidity = 43 | ||
| Apr humidity = 53 | | Apr humidity = 53 | ||
| May humidity = | | May humidity = 55 | ||
| Jun humidity = | | Jun humidity = 57 | ||
| Jul humidity = 61 | | Jul humidity = 61 | ||
| Aug humidity = | | Aug humidity = 64 | ||
| Sep humidity = | | Sep humidity = 66 | ||
| Oct humidity = | | Oct humidity = 76 | ||
| Nov humidity = | | Nov humidity = 74 | ||
| Dec humidity = | | Dec humidity = 70 | ||
|year humidity = | |year humidity = 61 | ||
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals> | |source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web | ||
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | |||
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | |||
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]] | |||
| access-date = April 8, 2024 | |||
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals> | |||
{{cite web | {{cite web | ||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | ||
| Line 208: | Line 216: | ||
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|81.93}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|16.39}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.52}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.47}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.26}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}} | {{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|81.93}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|16.39}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|1.52}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.47}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.26}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}} | ||
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tirupathur had a population of | According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Tirupathur had a population of 83,612 with a sex-ratio of 1,010 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 7,255 were under the age of six, constituting 3,717 males and 3,538 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 18.33% and 0.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.22%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 14,084 households. There were a total of 22,895 workers, comprising 240 cultivators, 161 main agricultural laborers, 1,145 in household industries, 18,782 other workers, 2,567 marginal workers, 38 marginal cultivators, 27 marginal agricultural laborers, 246 marginal workers in household industries and 2,256 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Tirupathur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=682514|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Tirupathur (M) had 81.93% [[Hindus]], 16.39% [[Muslims]], 1.52% [[Christians]], 0.03% [[Sikhs]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]], 0.11% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.00% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> | ||
== Politics == | |||
Since 2016, [[Tirupattur, Vellore Assembly constituency|Tirupattur assembly constituency]] is represented in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] by [[A. Nallathambi (DMK politician)|A Nallathambi]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/01-List%20of%20sucessful%20Candidatestamil.pdf|title=LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES, Election Commission of India- State Election, 2016 to the Legislative Assembly Of Tamil Nadu|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> He was re-elected in 2021.<ref name="ECI TN Election Results 2021">{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021 live {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results & Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu/results |access-date=21 September 2021 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref> | |||
Tirupattur is part of [[Tiruvannamalai]] Lok Sabha constituency. The present MP (elected in 2019) of the Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha Constituency is Annadurai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/tamil-nadu/parliamentary-constituencies/tiruvannamalai.html|title=Tiruvannamalai(Tamil Nadu) Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 with Sitting MP and Party Name|website=www.elections.in|access-date=2017-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | |||
|url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf | |url = http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf | ||
|title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies | |title = List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies | ||
| Line 234: | Line 230: | ||
|archive-date = 4 May 2006 | |archive-date = 4 May 2006 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
==Places to see== | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}} | |||
[[Yelagiri]] is a hill station on the [[Vaniyambadi]]–Tirupathur Road, midway between Chennai and Bangalore. Located at an altitude of {{cvt|1,050|m}} and spread across {{cvt|30|km2}}, Yelagiri village (also spelt Elagiri) is surrounded by orchards, rose gardens, and valleys. Jalagambarai waterfalls the most popular waterfall in Tiruattur and Vellore district is located behind the Yellagiri Hills. The Jalagambarai falls is located 10 kms from Tirupattur town which attracts several tourists from Bengaluru and Chennai along the weekends. | |||
The [[Jawadhu Hills block|Jawadu Hills]] are located about {{cvt|35|km}} from Tirupathur. In the middle of this hill lies the [[Vainu Bappu Observatory]] (also known as [[Kavalur Observatory]]), which has several optical and reflective telescopes run and governed by the [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]. | |||
==Transport== | |||
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2021}} | |||
The [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation]] (TNSTC) provides 85% of transport facilities to this town. Tirupathur is well connected by road and rail to major cities of India. Regarding transportation linkage, the highway (NH 46) from [[Chennai]] to [[Krishnagiri]] (via) Nattrampalli passes through the town. The town is separated from [[Chennai]] ({{cvt|225|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Bangalore]] ({{cvt|130|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Vellore]] ({{cvt|87|km|disp=sqbr}}) and [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] ({{cvt|108|km|disp=sqbr}}). Several state highways connect the town from [[Dharmapuri]] ({{cvt|60|km|disp=sqbr}}), Krishnagiri ({{cvt|40|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Vaniyambadi]] ({{cvt|22|km|disp=sqbr}}), [[Harur]] ({{cvt|47|km|disp=sqbr}}), and Salem ({{cvt|108|km|disp=sqbr}}). Frequent buses are available to Chennai, Vellore, Harur, Salem, Bangalore, and [[Villupuram]]. | |||
The Tirupathur railway junction is under the administrative control of the Southern Railways which is the beginning boundary of Salem Railway Division. It is {{cvt|2|km|spell=in}} from the bus stand. To the north, {{stnlnk|Jolarpettai Junction}} which is one of the important railway junction in Tamil Nadu. It ({{cvt|8|km|disp=sqbr}}) is the nearest junction, and to the south-west, [[Morappur (state assembly constituency)|Morappur]] is the next station. Due to proximity to the Jolarpettai railway junction, only a few express trains halt here. | |||
The nearest airports are at [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem]] ({{cvt|105|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Vellore ({{cvt|85|km|disp=sqbr}}), while the nearest international airports are at Bengaluru ({{cvt|135|km|disp=sqbr}}) and Chennai ({{cvt|225|km|disp=sqbr}}). | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 241: | Line 251: | ||
* [https://tirupathur.nic.in/ Tirupathur official website] | * [https://tirupathur.nic.in/ Tirupathur official website] | ||
{{Tirupathur district}} | |||
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}} | {{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}} | ||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
[[Category:Cities and towns in Tirupathur district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Tirupathur district]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:14, 23 December 2025
Tirupathur | |
|---|---|
Town | |
| Tirupathur | |
 View from Yelagiri hill station | |
| Nickname: Sandal City | |
  Tirupathur Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 12°29′34″N 78°34′05″E / 12.49266°N 78.56808°E | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Tirupattur |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal |
| • Body | Tirupathur Municipality |
| Elevation | 387 m (1,270 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total | 83,612 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 635601, 635602 |
| Telephone code | 04179 |
| Vehicle registration | TN-83 |
| Nearest city | Vellore (88 km), Bangalore (125 km) & Chennai (235 km) |
| Sex ratio | 993 ♂/♀ |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Thiruvannamalai |
| Legislative Assembly constituency | Tirupathur |
| Website | tirupathur |
Tirupathur[1] or Tirupattur[2] is the headquarters of Tirupathur district in the state of Tamil Nadu in India and is one of the oldest inhabited places in the state, with a history of over 1,600 years. The town is known for an abundance of sandalwood[3] in the surrounding hills. It is located about 89 km (55 mi) from Vellore, 85 km (53 mi) from Hosur, 60 km (37 mi) from Dharmapuri, 50 km (31 mi) from Krishnagiri, 50 km (31 mi) from Thiruvannamalai, 279 km (173 mi) from coimbatore , 210 km (130 mi) from Chennai, and 125 km (78 mi) from Bangalore.[citation needed]
History[edit | edit source]
From inscriptions surveyed by the Archaeological Survey of India in Tirupathur, it is estimated that the town is more than 1,600 years old. Under the Chola, Vijayanagara, and Hoysala dynasties, the town was variously called Sri Mathava Chaturvedi Mangalam, Veera Narayana Chaturvedi Mangalam, Tiruperur, Brahmapuram and Brahmeeswaram.
Tirupathur means "Ten Towns". It is a Taluk, with villages such as Aathiyur (Beginning) and Kodiyur (Ending). It has many ancient Vishnu and Shiva temples, and water tanks built during the Hoysala Dynasty. It is well connected by road and rail to the other important cities of Tamil Nadu such as Vellore, Chennai, Salem, Coimbatore and Thiruvannamalai and to Bangalore in Karnataka. The town has the resting places of many Islamic saints. As of 2011, the town had a population of 64,125.
Tiruppattur is located 137 miles (220 km) from Madras along the south-west line of the Madras Railway. Historically, it has been a favoured administrative station and was the original British capital of then Salem district. Colonel Alexander Read, the first Collector of the district, established his headquarters in Tiruppattur in 1792.[4]
The town was a part of the Salem district, and later of Vellore district. The Tirupathur sub-division includes Tirupathur, Nattrampalli, Vaniyambadi and Ambur taluks. Anna Rajam Malhotra, India's first female Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer, K P S Menon Jr., former foreign secretary to Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Dr. T V Somanathan were sub-collectors of Tirupathur during their initial career.
In 1886, the Tirupathur municipality was constituted as a grade three municipality. As per the government order No. 194 dated 10.02.1970, it was reclassified as a second grade municipality. At present, as per the government order No. 654 dated 1.4.1977, it has been reclassified as a first grade municipality.
Tirupattur's population and land area are good enough to have political representations in the state legislature of Tamil Nadu (Member of the Legislative Assembly), and part of Thiruvannamalai constituency for the Lok Sabha (Member of Parliament as of 2009 elections).
As of 15 August 2019, the trifurcation of Vellore district resulted in the formation of the Tirupathur district, with Tirupathur town as its headquarters.[5]
Geography[edit | edit source]
Tirupathur is called "Sandalwood Town" due to the abundance of sandalwood trees in the surrounding hills. It is very close to the Yelagiri hills, a major hill station of Tamil Nadu. The town is at an average elevation of 388 m (1,273 ft). The Jawadhu Hills, a part of the eastern ghats, are to the east of Tirupathur. The major group of soils found in the town are black (10 percent) and red (90 varieties). Tirupathur town has 56.059 km (34.833 mi) of roads.
Climate[edit | edit source]
Tirupathur is known for recording the coolest temperature in the Tamil Nadu plains during winter. The seasonal climate conditions are moderate and the weather is uniformly salubrious. The town experiences sweltering summers and warm winters. The town gets the majority of its rainfall during the south west monsoon period. September and October are the wettest months with around 400 mm (16 in) of rain. The town also experiences fairly frequent thunderstorms in late April and May, which gives necessary relief from the heat, along with a dip in night temperatures. The warmest nights are in May, when the town has an average minimum temperature of 23.4 °C (74.1 °F). The coldest nights are in January, when the average minimum temperatures drop to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F). May is the hottest month with an average maximum of 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). The highest ever temperature recorded in the town is 46.3 °C (115.3 °F) on 7 May 1976. The lowest ever recorded temperature is 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) on 15 December 1974. The highest 24‑hour precipitation is 167.3 mm (6.59 in) received on 4 November 1966. The average annual rainfall being received in the town is 877 mm (34.5 in). The climate is classified as tropical. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. This climate is considered to be a tropical savanna climate (Aw according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification).
| Climate data for Tirupathur (1991–2020, extremes 1958–2012) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) |
39.4 (102.9) |
41.2 (106.2) |
45.8 (114.4) |
46.3 (115.3) |
41.8 (107.2) |
39.6 (103.3) |
39.3 (102.7) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
36.3 (97.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
46.3 (115.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 30.3 (86.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
36.6 (97.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.1 (91.6) |
32.8 (91.0) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 17.3 (63.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
25.1 (77.2) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.4 (68.7) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) |
10.5 (50.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.2 (50.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.3 (0.01) |
2.7 (0.11) |
7.3 (0.29) |
40.9 (1.61) |
85.9 (3.38) |
65.8 (2.59) |
72.7 (2.86) |
136.5 (5.37) |
146.5 (5.77) |
157.1 (6.19) |
96.6 (3.80) |
34.8 (1.37) |
847.1 (33.35) |
| Average rainy days | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 5.6 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 7.8 | 9.7 | 5.7 | 2.2 | 49 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 60 | 51 | 43 | 53 | 55 | 57 | 61 | 64 | 66 | 76 | 74 | 70 | 61 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[edit | edit source]
According to 2011 census, Tirupathur had a population of 83,612 with a sex-ratio of 1,010 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.[9] A total of 7,255 were under the age of six, constituting 3,717 males and 3,538 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 18.33% and 0.43% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 76.22%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[9] The town had a total of 14,084 households. There were a total of 22,895 workers, comprising 240 cultivators, 161 main agricultural laborers, 1,145 in household industries, 18,782 other workers, 2,567 marginal workers, 38 marginal cultivators, 27 marginal agricultural laborers, 246 marginal workers in household industries and 2,256 other marginal workers.[10] As per the religious census of 2011, Tirupathur (M) had 81.93% Hindus, 16.39% Muslims, 1.52% Christians, 0.03% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists, 0.11% Jains, 0.00% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.[2]
Politics[edit | edit source]
Since 2016, Tirupattur assembly constituency is represented in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by A Nallathambi of DMK party.[11] He was re-elected in 2021.[12][13]
Tirupattur is part of Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha constituency. The present MP (elected in 2019) of the Tiruvannamalai Lok Sabha Constituency is Annadurai.[14][15]
Places to see[edit | edit source]
 |
Yelagiri is a hill station on the Vaniyambadi–Tirupathur Road, midway between Chennai and Bangalore. Located at an altitude of 1,050 m (3,440 ft) and spread across 30 km2 (12 sq mi), Yelagiri village (also spelt Elagiri) is surrounded by orchards, rose gardens, and valleys. Jalagambarai waterfalls the most popular waterfall in Tiruattur and Vellore district is located behind the Yellagiri Hills. The Jalagambarai falls is located 10 kms from Tirupattur town which attracts several tourists from Bengaluru and Chennai along the weekends.
The Jawadu Hills are located about 35 km (22 mi) from Tirupathur. In the middle of this hill lies the Vainu Bappu Observatory (also known as Kavalur Observatory), which has several optical and reflective telescopes run and governed by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
Transport[edit | edit source]
|
The Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (TNSTC) provides 85% of transport facilities to this town. Tirupathur is well connected by road and rail to major cities of India. Regarding transportation linkage, the highway (NH 46) from Chennai to Krishnagiri (via) Nattrampalli passes through the town. The town is separated from Chennai (225 km [140 mi]), Bangalore (130 km [81 mi]), Vellore (87 km [54 mi]) and Salem (108 km [67 mi]). Several state highways connect the town from Dharmapuri (60 km [37 mi]), Krishnagiri (40 km [25 mi]), Vaniyambadi (22 km [14 mi]), Harur (47 km [29 mi]), and Salem (108 km [67 mi]). Frequent buses are available to Chennai, Vellore, Harur, Salem, Bangalore, and Villupuram.
The Tirupathur railway junction is under the administrative control of the Southern Railways which is the beginning boundary of Salem Railway Division. It is 2 km (1.2 mi)[convert: bug, ask for help] from the bus stand. To the north, Jolarpettai Junction which is one of the important railway junction in Tamil Nadu. It (8 km [5.0 mi]) is the nearest junction, and to the south-west, Morappur is the next station. Due to proximity to the Jolarpettai railway junction, only a few express trains halt here.
The nearest airports are at Salem (105 km [65 mi]) and Vellore (85 km [53 mi]), while the nearest international airports are at Bengaluru (135 km [84 mi]) and Chennai (225 km [140 mi]).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Tirupathur District". National Informatics Centre, Ministry Of Electronics and Information Technology, Government Of India. 21 January 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Population By Religious Community – Tamil Nadu" (XLS). Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- ↑ "Tirupattur". Tamil Nadu Foundation. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
- ↑ Hunter, William Wilson (1908). The Imperial Gazetteer Of India Vol 23 (2 ed.). London: Trübner & Co. p. 395.
- ↑ "Tamil Nadu CM Palaniswami announces trifurcation of Vellore district". India Today. Press Trust of India. 15 August 2019. Retrieved 5 September 2019.
- ↑ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ↑ "Station: Tiruppattur Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 749–750. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M204. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Tirupathur". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES, Election Commission of India- State Election, 2016 to the Legislative Assembly Of Tamil Nadu" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ↑ "Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ↑ "Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021 live | Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results & Updates". NDTV.com. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ↑ "Tiruvannamalai(Tamil Nadu) Lok Sabha Election Results 2014 with Sitting MP and Party Name". www.elections.in. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
- ↑ "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies" (PDF). Tamil Nadu. Election Commission of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 8 October 2008.