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{{Short description|Woodwind instrument used in South Asia}}
{{Infobox Instrument
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Alghoza
| name           = Alghoza
|names=Alghoze, Jōrhi, Pāwā Jōrhī, Do Nālī, Donāl, Girāw, Satārā or Nagōze<ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| names         = Alghoze, Jōrhi, Pāwā Jōrhī, Do Nālī, Donāl, Girāw, Satārā or Nagōze<ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|image=Cultural Music.jpg
| image         = Cultural Music.jpg
|caption=[[Pakistan]]i musician playing Alghoza
| caption       = Musician from [[Sindh]], [[Pakistan]] playing Alghoza
|background=Woodwind
| background     = Woodwind
|classification=[[Woodwind instrument]]
| classification = [[Woodwind instrument]]
|developed=around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]]<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |last=Chandio|first=Faraz|date=September 2, 2018|title=CULTURE: THE DYING BREATHS OF THE ALGHOZA|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430327|work=DAWN|location=Islamabad|access-date=June 3, 2021}}</ref>
| developed     = around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]]<ref name=Dawn>{{cite news |last=Chandio|first=Faraz|date=September 2, 2018|title=CULTURE: THE DYING BREATHS OF THE ALGHOZA|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430327|work=DAWN|location=Islamabad|access-date=June 3, 2021}}</ref>
|hornbostel_sachs=421.112
| hornbostel_sachs = 421.112
|musicians= {{bulleted list |[[Misri Khan Jamali]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8VAQAAMAAJ&dq=Misri+Khan+Jamali+radio+pakistan&q=Misri+Khan+Jamali+radio+pakistan|title=Misri Khan Jamali on Pakistan Quarterly via GoogleBooks page 264|date=1967|publisher=Pakistan Quarterly|language=en|access-date=9 June 2020}}</ref>|[[Khamiso Khan]]<ref name=Dawn1>{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1225798 |title=Mystic Music Sufi Festival kicks off |date=12 December 2015|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|author=Shoaib Ahmed |access-date=10 June 2020}}</ref>|[[Allah Bachayo Khoso]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YcHAQAAMAAJ&q=Allah+Bachayo+Khoso&dq=Allah+Bachayo+Khoso|title=Rhythms of the lower Indus: perspectives on the music of Sindh|last=Yusuf|first=Zohra|date=1988|publisher=Dept. of Culture and Tourism, Govt. of Sindh|language=en}}</ref>|[[Akbar Khamiso Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=An elegy to music|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/383387-an-elegy-to-music|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=TheNews Weekly Magazine|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.thenews.com.pk|language=en}}</ref>|[[Gurmeet Bawa]]<ref name="pt">{{cite news |last=Kaur |first=Simmypreet |date=2011-10-01 |title=ਲੰਮੀ ਹੇਕ ਦੀ ਮਲਿਕਾ ਗੁਰਮੀਤ ਬਾਵਾ |trans-title=The queen of the long vocal note |url=http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2011/10/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%95-%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80-%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE-%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A4-%E0%A8%AC/ |language=pa |newspaper=The Punjabi Tribune |access-date=2013-10-17}}</ref><ref name="pt2">{{cite news |last=Majari |first=Surjit |date=2010-12-25 |title=ਰਵਾਇਤੀ ਗਾਇਕੀ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਭਾਲਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ |trans-title=Need to preserve traditional music. |url=http://punjabitribuneonline.com/2010/12/%e0%a8%b0%e0%a8%b5%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%87%e0%a8%a4%e0%a9%80-%e0%a8%97%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%87%e0%a8%95%e0%a9%80-%e0%a8%a8%e0%a9%82%e0%a9%b0-%e0%a8%b8%e0%a9%b0%e0%a8%ad%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%b2%e0%a8%a3-%e0%a8%a6/ |language=pa |newspaper=The Punjabi Tribune |access-date=2012-05-10}}</ref>}}
| musicians     =  
}}
}}
'''Alghoza''' is a paired [[woodwind instrument]]. It is traditionally used by [[Baloch people|Baloch]], [[Saraiki people|Saraiki]], [[Sindhi people|Sindhi]], [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] and [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]] folk musicians.<ref name=Dawn /><ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It consists of two joined [[Recorder (musical instrument)|beak flutes]], one for melody, the second for drone. The flutes are either tied together or may be held together loosely with the hands. A continuous flow of air is necessary as the player blows into the two flutes simultaneously.<ref>Pande, p. 70</ref> The quick recapturing of breath on each beat creates a bouncing, swinging rhythm. The wooden instrument initially comprised two flute pipes of the same length but over time, one of them was shortened for sound purposes. In the world of Alghoza playing, the two flute pipes are a couple — the longer one is the male and the shorter one the female instrument.  With the use of beeswax, the instrument can be scaled to any tune.<ref>{{cite news |last=Usman |first=Maryam |date=2013-08-26 |title=Instrumental Ecstasy concert: A retreat into the rhythms of Sindhi classical tunes |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/595230/instrumental-ecstasy-concert-a-retreat-into-the-rhythms-of-sindhi-classical-tunes/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |access-date=2015-12-07}}</ref>
'''Alghoza''' also called '''Beenon''' ({{Langx|sd|{{Naskh|الغوزو}}}}) is a paired [[woodwind instrument|woodwind]] traditional musical instrument of [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] culture,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-06 |title=Rich culture: Lok Mela showcases colours of Sindh |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/865616/rich-culture-lok-mela-showcases-colours-of-sindh-islamabad-city |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-17 |title=Interactive sessions: Sukkur IBA concludes conference with culture night |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1266515/interactive-sessions-sukkur-iba-concludes-conference-culture-night |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> also used by [[Kutchi people|Kutchi]], [[Saraiki people|Saraiki]], [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]], [[Rajasthani people|Rajasthani]] and [[Baloch people|baloch]] folk musicians.<ref name=Dawn /><ref name="Alghoza">{{cite web |url=http://www.amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |title=Alghoza |publisher=Asian Music Circuit |access-date=7 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227080151/http://amc.org.uk/asian-instrument/alghoza |archive-date=27 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It consists of two joined [[Recorder (musical instrument)|beak flutes]], one for melody, the second for drone. The flutes are either tied together or may be held together loosely with the hands. A continuous flow of air is necessary as the player blows into the two flutes simultaneously.<ref>Pande, p. 70</ref> The quick recapturing of breath on each beat creates a bouncing, swinging rhythm. The wooden instrument initially comprised two flute pipes of the same length but over time, one of them was shortened for sound purposes. In the world of Alghoza playing, the two flute pipes are a couple — the longer one is the male and the shorter one the female instrument.  With the use of beeswax, the instrument can be scaled to any tune.<ref>{{cite news |last=Usman |first=Maryam |date=2013-08-26 |title=Instrumental Ecstasy concert: A retreat into the rhythms of Sindhi classical tunes |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/595230/instrumental-ecstasy-concert-a-retreat-into-the-rhythms-of-sindhi-classical-tunes/ |newspaper=The Express Tribune |access-date=2015-12-07}}</ref>


[[File:Toonba and algoza.JPG|thumb|[[Tumbi|Toomba]] and Alghoza players in [[Punjab, India]]]]
[[File:Toonba and algoza.JPG|thumb|left|[[Tumbi|Toomba]] and Alghoza players in [[Punjab, India]]]]


== Origin ==
== Origin ==
[[File:Rajasthan Folk Music.jpg|thumb|Alghoza player in the [[Thar Desert]], [[Rajasthan, India]]]]
[[File:Rajasthan Folk Music.jpg|thumb|left|Alghoza player in the [[Thar Desert]], [[Rajasthan, India]]]]
It originated at around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]], it then reached [[Iran]] and eventually [[Pakistan]] with some modifications.<ref name="Dawn" /> Some Mesopotamian archaic paintings contain a musical instrument very similar to Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />
It originated at around 7500 BC in [[Mesopotamia]], it then reached [[Iran]] and eventually the [[Indian subcontinent]] with some modifications.<ref name="Dawn" /> Some Mesopotamian archaic paintings contain a musical instrument very similar to Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />


In Mesopotamia, this instrument was called "Al-Joza", which literally means, "The twin".<ref name="Dawn" /> As it reached [[Pakistan]], the "J" in "Al-Joza" became "gh" and eventually the modified form of this instrument which reached Pakistan came to be known as Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />
In Mesopotamia, this instrument was called "Al-Joza", which literally means, "The dwin".<ref name="Dawn" /> As it reached the [[Indian subcontinent]], the "J" in "Al-Joza" became "gh" and eventually the modified form of this instrument which reached the subcontinent came to be known as Alghoza.<ref name="Dawn" />
 
== Alghoza players ==
 
* [[Khamiso Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shoaib |date=2015-12-12 |title=Mystic Music Sufi Festival kicks off |url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1225798 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Akbar Khamiso Khan]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=An elegy to music |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/383387-an-elegy-to-music |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TheNews Weekly Magazine |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Misri Khan Jamali]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eu8VAQAAMAAJ&q=Misri+Khan+Jamali+radio+pakistan |title=Pakistan Quarterly |date=1967 |publisher=Pakistan Publications |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Allah Bachayo Khoso]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yusuf |first=Zohra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5YcHAQAAMAAJ&q=Allah+Bachayo+Khoso |title=Rhythms of the Lower Indus: Perspectives on the Music of Sindh |date=1988 |publisher=Department of Culture and Tourism, Government of Sindh |language=en}}</ref>
* Ustad Achar Samejo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Alghoza player Ustab Achar passes away |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/18-Dec-2023/alghoza-player-ustab-achar-passes-away |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-18 |title=Veteran Alghoza Player Achar Samejo Dies At 70 |url=https://thefridaytimes.com/18-Dec-2023/veteran-alghoza-player-achar-samejo-dies-at-70 |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=The Friday Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Khawaja |first=Kamran Khamiso |date=2023-12-16 |title=Veteran musician and algoza player Achar Samejo dies at 70 |url=https://minutemirror.com.pk/veteran-musician-and-algoza-player-achar-samejo-dies-at-70-160054/ |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Minute Mirror |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Gurmeet Bawa]]


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Pakistani musical instruments]]
[[Category:Folk instruments of Sindh]]
[[Category:Folk instruments of Sindh]]
 
[[Category:Romani musical instruments]]


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Latest revision as of 16:22, 7 January 2026


Alghoza
Musician from Sindh, Pakistan playing Alghoza
Template:Infobox instrument/Classification
Other namesAlghoze, Jōrhi, Pāwā Jōrhī, Do Nālī, Donāl, Girāw, Satārā or Nagōze[1]
Classification Woodwind instrument
Hornbostel–Sachs classification421.112
Developedaround 7500 BC in Mesopotamia[2]

Alghoza also called Beenon (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is a paired woodwind traditional musical instrument of Sindhi culture,[3][4] also used by Kutchi, Saraiki, Punjabi, Rajasthani and baloch folk musicians.[2][1] It consists of two joined beak flutes, one for melody, the second for drone. The flutes are either tied together or may be held together loosely with the hands. A continuous flow of air is necessary as the player blows into the two flutes simultaneously.[5] The quick recapturing of breath on each beat creates a bouncing, swinging rhythm. The wooden instrument initially comprised two flute pipes of the same length but over time, one of them was shortened for sound purposes. In the world of Alghoza playing, the two flute pipes are a couple — the longer one is the male and the shorter one the female instrument. With the use of beeswax, the instrument can be scaled to any tune.[6]

Toomba and Alghoza players in Punjab, India

Origin[edit | edit source]

Alghoza player in the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India

It originated at around 7500 BC in Mesopotamia, it then reached Iran and eventually the Indian subcontinent with some modifications.[2] Some Mesopotamian archaic paintings contain a musical instrument very similar to Alghoza.[2]

In Mesopotamia, this instrument was called "Al-Joza", which literally means, "The dwin".[2] As it reached the Indian subcontinent, the "J" in "Al-Joza" became "gh" and eventually the modified form of this instrument which reached the subcontinent came to be known as Alghoza.[2]

Alghoza players[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Alghoza". Asian Music Circuit. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Chandio, Faraz (September 2, 2018). "CULTURE: THE DYING BREATHS OF THE ALGHOZA". DAWN. Islamabad. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
  3. ↑ "Rich culture: Lok Mela showcases colours of Sindh". The Express Tribune. 2015-04-06. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  4. ↑ "Interactive sessions: Sukkur IBA concludes conference with culture night". The Express Tribune. 2016-12-17. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  5. ↑ Pande, p. 70
  6. ↑ Usman, Maryam (2013-08-26). "Instrumental Ecstasy concert: A retreat into the rhythms of Sindhi classical tunes". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 2015-12-07.
  7. ↑ Ahmed, Shoaib (2015-12-12). "Mystic Music Sufi Festival kicks off". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  8. ↑ "An elegy to music". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  9. ↑ "TheNews Weekly Magazine". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  10. ↑ Pakistan Quarterly. Pakistan Publications. 1967.
  11. ↑ Yusuf, Zohra (1988). Rhythms of the Lower Indus: Perspectives on the Music of Sindh. Department of Culture and Tourism, Government of Sindh.
  12. ↑ "Alghoza player Ustab Achar passes away". The Nation. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  13. ↑ "Veteran Alghoza Player Achar Samejo Dies At 70". The Friday Times. 2023-12-18. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  14. ↑ Khawaja, Kamran Khamiso (2023-12-16). "Veteran musician and algoza player Achar Samejo dies at 70". Minute Mirror. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
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