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Bombardment of Madras: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Engagement of the First World War}} | |||
{{for|the earlier French bombardment|Battle of Madras}} | {{for|the earlier French bombardment|Battle of Madras}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
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|place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | |place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | ||
|result=German victory, German raid on oil tanks completed. | |result=German victory, German raid on oil tanks completed. | ||
|combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px| | |combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px|British India}} | ||
|combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | |combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | ||
|commander1=unknown | |commander1=unknown | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | {{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | ||
The ''' | The '''bombardment of Madras''' was an engagement of the [[World War I|First World War]], at [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[Indian Empire|British India]]. The bombardment was initiated by the [[German Empire|German]] [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Emden (1908)|''Emden'']] at the outset of the war in 1914. | ||
With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the Madras harbour area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}} | With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the [[Chennai Port|Madras harbour]] area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}} | ||
Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with an wicked intent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saini |first=Ajay |date=2020-02-22 |title=How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece |access-date=2022-07-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Emden Plaque Madras.jpg|thumb|Emden Plaque [[Chennai|Madras]]]] | |||
== Footnotes == | == Footnotes == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== References and external links == | == References and external links == | ||
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}} | }} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times: German Cruiser Emden Destroyed | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times'': "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", November 11, 1914 a PDF of ''NYT''{{'s}} report on ''Emden''{{'s}} sinking along with some praise for its captain.] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times: Captain of Emden Killed? | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times'': "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a ''NYT'' article dated April 13, 1921] | ||
*{{cite | *{{cite magazine | ||
|title=Junk-Emden | |title=Junk-Emden | ||
|date=1929-05-06 | |date=1929-05-06 | ||
| | |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | ||
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027181703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | |||
|url-status=dead | |||
|archive-date=October 27, 2010 | |||
|access-date=2008-08-08 | |access-date=2008-08-08 | ||
}} | }} | ||
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== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
* Frame, Tom. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YY6CN8wAk4AC&dq=emden+empress+of+australia&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy | * Frame, Tom. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YY6CN8wAk4AC&dq=emden+empress+of+australia&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy'']. Sydney: [[Allen & Unwin]] {{ISBN|978-1-74114-233-4}} (paper) | ||
*Hoehling, A.A.'' | *Hoehling, A. A. '' Lonely Command a Documentary'' Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957. | ||
*Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-58574-382-8}}. | *Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-58574-382-8}}. | ||
*Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of '' | *Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of ''Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden''. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928. | ||
*Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}. | *Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}. | ||
*McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7701-0116-X}}. | *McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7701-0116-X}}. | ||
*Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-873-9}}. | *Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-873-9}}. | ||
*Schmalenbach, Paul ''German | *Schmalenbach, Paul ''German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-87021-824-7}}. | ||
*Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War | *Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War: The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden''. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. {{ISBN|0-688-03115-3}} | ||
*Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-55750-456-3}}. | *Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-55750-456-3}}. | ||