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Bombardment of Madras: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Engagement of the First World War}} | |||
{{for|the earlier French bombardment|Battle of Madras}} | {{for|the earlier French bombardment|Battle of Madras}} | ||
{{Infobox military conflict | {{Infobox military conflict | ||
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|place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | |place=[[Chennai|Madras]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British Raj|India]] | ||
|result=German victory, German raid on oil tanks completed. | |result=German victory, German raid on oil tanks completed. | ||
|combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px| | |combatant1={{flagcountry|size=23px|British India}} | ||
|combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | |combatant2={{flagicon|German Empire}} [[German Empire|Germany]] | ||
|commander1=unknown | |commander1=unknown | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | {{Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915}} | ||
The ''' | The '''bombardment of Madras''' was an engagement of the [[World War I|First World War]], at [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[Indian Empire|British India]]. The bombardment was initiated by the [[German Empire|German]] [[light cruiser]] [[SMS Emden (1908)|''Emden'']] at the outset of the war in 1914. | ||
With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the Madras harbour area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}} | With [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] [[Karl von Müller]] in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS ''Emden'' quietly approached the city of [[Chennai|Madras]] on the southeastern coast of the [[Indian peninsula]]. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the [[Chennai Port|Madras harbour]] area, Müller illuminated six large [[fuel oil|oil]] tanks belonging to the [[Burmah Oil Company]] with his [[searchlight]]s, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, ''Emden'' had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.{{sfn|Keegan|2004|pp=127-128}} | ||
Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with an wicked intent.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Saini |first=Ajay |date=2020-02-22 |title=How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/how-german-cruiser-emden-struck-terror-in-the-heart-of-the-british-empire-and-became-a-tamil-word/article30881258.ece |access-date=2022-07-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Emden Plaque Madras.jpg|thumb|Emden Plaque [[Chennai|Madras]]]] | |||
== Footnotes == | == Footnotes == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== References and external links == | == References and external links == | ||
| Line 41: | Line 44: | ||
}} | }} | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080308150544/http://www.historynet.com/air_sea/naval_battles/7557922.html ''Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I'' by John M. Taylor] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times: German Cruiser Emden Destroyed | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/11/11/100113006.pdf ''New York Times'': "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", November 11, 1914 a PDF of ''NYT''{{'s}} report on ''Emden''{{'s}} sinking along with some praise for its captain.] | ||
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times: Captain of Emden Killed? | *[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/13/98669624.pdf ''New York Times'': "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a ''NYT'' article dated April 13, 1921] | ||
*{{cite | *{{cite magazine | ||
|title=Junk-Emden | |title=Junk-Emden | ||
|date=1929-05-06 | |date=1929-05-06 | ||
| | |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | ||
|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | ||
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101027181703/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,732301,00.html | |||
|url-status=dead | |||
|archive-date=October 27, 2010 | |||
|access-date=2008-08-08 | |access-date=2008-08-08 | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 57: | Line 63: | ||
== Further reading == | == Further reading == | ||
* Frame, Tom. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YY6CN8wAk4AC&dq=emden+empress+of+australia&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy | * Frame, Tom. (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=YY6CN8wAk4AC&dq=emden+empress+of+australia&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 ''No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy'']. Sydney: [[Allen & Unwin]] {{ISBN|978-1-74114-233-4}} (paper) | ||
*Hoehling, A.A.'' | *Hoehling, A. A. '' Lonely Command a Documentary'' Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957. | ||
*Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-58574-382-8}}. | *Hoyt, Edwin P. ''The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew''. The Lyons Press, 2001. {{ISBN|1-58574-382-8}}. | ||
*Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of '' | *Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of ''Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden''. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928. | ||
*Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}. | *Lochner, R. K. ''Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden'' Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. {{ISBN|0-87021-015-7}}. | ||
*McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7701-0116-X}}. | *McClement, Fred. ''Guns in paradise''. Paper Jacks, 1979. {{ISBN|0-7701-0116-X}}. | ||
*Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-873-9}}. | *Mücke, Hellmuth von. ''The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. {{ISBN|1-55750-873-9}}. | ||
*Schmalenbach, Paul ''German | *Schmalenbach, Paul ''German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-87021-824-7}}. | ||
*Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War | *Van der Vat, Dan. ''Gentlemen of War: The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden''. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. {{ISBN|0-688-03115-3}} | ||
*Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-55750-456-3}}. | *Walter, John ''The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One''. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. {{ISBN|1-55750-456-3}}. | ||
Latest revision as of 15:49, 14 August 2023
| Bombardment of Madras | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the First World War | |||||||
 Oil tanks on fire in the harbour following the bombardment of Madras by SMS Emden | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 India |
 Germany | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| unknown |
 Karl von Müller | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| unknown | 1 light cruiser | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
1 steamer sunk 5 killed 26 wounded | none | ||||||
Template:Campaignbox Command of the Oceans 1914-1915 The bombardment of Madras was an engagement of the First World War, at Madras (now Chennai), British India. The bombardment was initiated by the German light cruiser Emden at the outset of the war in 1914.
With Captain Karl von Müller in command, on the night of 22 September 1914, SMS Emden quietly approached the city of Madras on the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula. As he later wrote, "I had this shelling in view simply as a demonstration to arouse interest among the Indian population, to disturb English commerce, to diminish English prestige." After entering the Madras harbour area, Müller illuminated six large oil tanks belonging to the Burmah Oil Company with his searchlights, then fired at a range of 3,000 yards. After ten minutes of firing, Emden had hit five of the tanks and destroyed 346,000 gallons of fuel, and the cruiser then successfully retreated.[1]
Soon the word Emden entered the Tamil dictionary and was used to describe someone powerful, frightening and with an wicked intent.[2]
Emden Plaque Madras
Footnotes[edit]
- ↑ Keegan 2004, pp. 127-128.
- ↑ Saini, Ajay (2020-02-22). "How German cruiser 'Emden' struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2022-07-15.
References and external links[edit]
- Keegan, John (October 2004). Intelligence in War (1 ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0-375-70046-3.
- The Last Corsair: The Story of The Emden by Dan van der Vat, 1984. ISBN 0-586-06265-3
- The Last Gentleman of War. The Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden by R. K. Lochner, Naval Institute Press:. 1988. ISBN 0-87021-015-7
- The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True WWI Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew by Edwin Palmer Hoyt, Globe Pequot Press, 2001 ISBN 978-1-58574-382-7
- Hellmuth von Mücke, Helene Schimmelfennig White (1917). The Emden. Ritter.
- Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I by John M. Taylor
- New York Times: "German Cruiser Emden Destroyed", November 11, 1914 a PDF of NYT's report on Emden's sinking along with some praise for its captain.
- New York Times: "Captain of Emden Killed?", a PDF of a NYT article dated April 13, 1921
- "Junk-Emden". Time. 1929-05-06. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
- Cruisers EMDEN, Frigates EMDEN - 5 warships named EMDEN until today (in German)
- World War I Naval Combat
- Karl Friedrich Max von Müller: Captain of the Emden During World War I
- How German cruiser ‘Emden’ struck terror in the heart of the British Empire, and became a Tamil word. The Hindu. February 23, 2020.
Further reading[edit]
- Frame, Tom. (2004). No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy. Sydney: Allen & Unwin ISBN 978-1-74114-233-4 (paper)
- Hoehling, A. A. Lonely Command a Documentary Thomas Yoseloff, Inc., 1957.
- Hoyt, Edwin P. The Last Cruise of the Emden: The Amazing True World War I Story of a German-Light Cruiser and Her Courageous Crew. The Lyons Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58574-382-8.
- Hohenzollern, Franz Joseph, Prince of Emden: My Experiences in S.M.S. Emden. New York: G. Howard Watt, 1928.
- Lochner, R. K. Last Gentleman-Of-War: Raider Exploits of the Cruiser Emden Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1988. ISBN 0-87021-015-7.
- McClement, Fred. Guns in paradise. Paper Jacks, 1979. ISBN 0-7701-0116-X.
- Mücke, Hellmuth von. The Emden-Ayesha Adventure: German Raiders in the South Seas and Beyond, 1914. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. ISBN 1-55750-873-9.
- Schmalenbach, Paul German Raiders: A History of Auxiliary Cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1979. ISBN 0-87021-824-7.
- Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War: The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984. ISBN 0-688-03115-3
- Walter, John The Kaiser's Pirates: German Surface Raiders in World War One. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1994. ISBN 1-55750-456-3.
