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{{Other uses|Jaunpur (disambiguation)}} | {{Other uses|Jaunpur (disambiguation)}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}} | {{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} | ||
<!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | <!-- See [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Indian cities]] for details --> | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name | | name = Jaunpur | ||
| native_name | | native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | ||
| native_name_lang | | native_name_lang = | ||
| other_name | | other_name = | ||
| settlement_type | | settlement_type = City | ||
| image_skyline | | image_skyline = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur.jpg | ||
| image_alt | | image_alt = Shahi bridge, Jaunpur | ||
| image_caption | | image_caption = [[Shahi Bridge]] | ||
| image_map | | image_map = | ||
| map_alt | | map_alt = | ||
| map_caption | | map_caption = | ||
| pushpin_map | | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3 | ||
| pushpin_label_position | | pushpin_label_position = right | ||
| pushpin_map_alt | | pushpin_map_alt = | ||
| pushpin_map_caption | | pushpin_map_caption = | ||
| coordinates | | coordinates = {{coord|25.73|N|82.68|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| subdivision_type | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| subdivision_name | | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | ||
| subdivision_type1 | | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]] | ||
| subdivision_type2 | | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]] | ||
| subdivision_name1 | | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]] | ||
| subdivision_name2 | | subdivision_name2 = [[Jaunpur district|Jaunpur]] | ||
| established_title | | established_title = Founded | ||
| established_date | | established_date = 1359 | ||
| founder | | founder = | ||
| named_for | | named_for = {{ubl|[[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]]|(known as "Juna Khan" as Prince)}} | ||
| government_type | | government_type = | ||
| governing_body | | governing_body = | ||
| leader_title1 | | leader_title1 = [[Member of Parliament]] | ||
| leader_name1 | | leader_name1 = [[Shyam Singh Yadav]] (BSP) | ||
| unit_pref | | unit_pref = Metric | ||
| area_footnotes | | area_footnotes = | ||
| area_total_km2 | | area_total_km2 = | ||
| elevation_m | | elevation_m = 82 | ||
| population_total | | population_total = 180,362 | ||
| population_as_of | | population_as_of = 2011 | ||
| population_footnotes | | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census2011Gov"/> | ||
| population_density_km2 | | population_density_km2 = 1,113 | ||
| population_rank | | population_rank = | ||
| population_demonym | | population_demonym = | ||
| demographics_type1 | | demographics_type1 = [[Language]] | ||
| demographics1_title1 | | demographics1_title1 = Official | ||
| demographics1_info1 | | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> | ||
| demographics1_title2 | | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | ||
| demographics1_info2 | | demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/> | ||
| demographics1_title3 | | demographics1_title3 = Regional | ||
| demographics1_info3 | | demographics1_info3 = [[Bhojpuri]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Linguistic Survey of India |date=1968 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |edition=Volume 5, Issue 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5MOAQAAIAAJ&q=jaunpur |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| timezone1 | | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | ||
| utc_offset1 | | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | ||
| postal_code_type | | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | ||
| postal_code | | postal_code = 222001 | ||
| registration_plate | | registration_plate = UP-62 | ||
| blank1_name_sec1 | | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]] | ||
| blank1_info_sec1 | | blank1_info_sec1 = 925 females per 1000 males [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]] | ||
| website | | website = {{URL|http://jaunpur.nic.in}} | ||
| footnotes | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Jaunpur''' ({{IPA-hns|dʒɔːnpʊr|-| | '''Jaunpur''' ({{IPA-hns|dʒɔːnpʊr|-|En-Jaunpur.oga}}) is a city and a [[municipal board]] in [[Jaunpur district]] in the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital [[Lucknow]]. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the [[Purvanchal]] area in which it is located. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | {{More citations needed section|date=August 2020}} | ||
{{further|Sultanate of Jaunpur}} | {{further|Sultanate of Jaunpur}} | ||
{{Jaunpur Sultanate}} | |||
[[File:Silver Coin of Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur.jpg|thumb|208x208px|Billon coin of 32 rattis, issued by [[Sultanate of Jaunpur#History|Ibrahim Shah]] of Jaunpur.|left]] | |||
Earlier the Jaunpur district was ruled by the [[Bhar|Bhar community]], historically known as Sultan, having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the [[Sultan of Delhi]] [[Feroz Shah Tughlaq]] and named in memory of his cousin, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]], whose given name was Jauna Khan.<ref name="Goron">{{cite book |last1=Goron |first1=Stan |last2=Goenka |first2=J. P. |title=The coins of the Indian sultanates: Covering the area of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh |date=2001 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8121510103}}</ref><ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=98}}</ref> In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a [[Eunuch (court official)|eunuch]], who is notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the [[Sharqi dynasty]] (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.[[File:The War Elephants Citranand and Udiya Collide in Battle.jpg|thumb|It depicts the elephant Citranand attacking another, called Udiya, during the Mughal campaign against the rebel forces of Khan Zaman and Bahadur Khan in 1567.|left]] [[File:View at Juanpore, on the River Ganges (IV, June 1847, p.60) - Copy.jpg|thumb|260px|View at Juanpore, on the River Gomti (1847)<ref name="Offering1847">{{cite journal|date=June 1847|title=View at Jaunpur, on the River Ganges|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wEAAAAQAAJ|journal=Wesleyan Juvenile Offering|volume=IV|page=60|access-date=17 November 2015}}</ref>]]The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the [[Sultanate of Bengal]] under [[Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah]].<ref name="Goron"/>{{rp|343}} | |||
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]]. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under [[Sikandar Lodi]], the Delhi Sultanate was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end. | |||
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by [[Bahlul Khan Lodi]]. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under [[Sikandar Lodi]], the Delhi | |||
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of [[Urdu]] and [[Sufi]] knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between [[Muslim]]s and [[Hindu]]s, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of [[Persian people|Persians]] or [[Afghan people|Afghans]]. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by [[Sikander | The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of [[Urdu]] and [[Sufi]] knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between [[Muslim]]s and [[Hindu]]s, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of [[Persian people|Persians]] or [[Afghan people|Afghans]]. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by [[Sikander Lodi]], the Sultan of [[Delhi]]. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed. | ||
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi]]s took the city, several important [[mosque]]s remain, most notably the [[Atala Masjid, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid]], [[Jama Masjid, Jaunpur|Jama Masjid]] (now known as the | Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the [[Lodi dynasty|Lodi]]s took the city, several important [[mosque]]s remain, most notably the [[Atala Masjid, Jaunpur|Atala Masjid]], [[Jama Masjid, Jaunpur|Jama Masjid]] (now known as the Badi (big mosque) Masjid) and the [[Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur|Lal Darwaza Masjid]]. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the [[Gomti River]] in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Emperor Akbar]]. The bridge is still being used for transportation. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the [[Tughlaq]] era, also remains in good form. | ||
Jaunpur district was annexed into [[British India]] based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the [[Zamindar]]i system of land revenue collection. | Jaunpur district was annexed into [[British Raj|British India]] based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the [[Zamindar]]i system of land revenue collection. | ||
During the [[Revolt of 1857]] the [[Sikh]] troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by [[Gurkha]] troops from [[Nepal]]. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. | During the [[Revolt of 1857]] the [[Sikh]] troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by [[Gurkha]] troops from [[Nepal]]. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. The major rebellion took place in Jaunpur when freedom fighters, led by Pandit Badrinath Tiwari, unfurled national flag at the railway station of Nibhapur. It was marked by a series of government-led suppressions of Pandit Badrinath Tiwari and his fellow freedom fighters throughout the district brave Pandit Ji refused to bow down in front of British atrocities. | ||
===Present state=== | ===Present state=== | ||
| Line 88: | Line 87: | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
{{expand section|date=April 2023}} | |||
===Rivers=== | ===Rivers=== | ||
[[Gomti River|Gomti]], Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five [[river]]s which make its land fertile.<ref> | [[Gomti River|Gomti]], [[Sai River (Uttar Pradesh)|Sai]], [[Varuna]], [[Pili Nadi]] ('yellow rivulet' or 'river'), [[Mayur]] and [[Basuhi]] are the five [[river]]s which make its land fertile.<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Jaunpur|last=|first=|volume=15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=State Water Resources Agency |publisher=Government of Uttar Pradesh |series=Development of River Basin Assessment and Plans for All Major River Basins in Uttar Pradesh |date=September 2019 |volume=1 |url=https://www.swaraup.gov.in/reports.htm |access-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628150407/https://www.swaraup.gov.in//BAPS%20Reports/Gomti%20Basin%20Plan-%20Final/Revised%20Gomti%20Basin%20Plan(Oct2019)Vol-I-Final.pdf |archive-date=28 June 2022 |language=en |title=Gomti Basin Plan}}</ref> | ||
== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
| Line 95: | Line 96: | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
GSG, GS Green | GSG, GS Green Enterprise Katehari-Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh. | ||
In its 1st | In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. [[Hawkins Cookers Limited]] company has one of the three manufacturing plants in India at Jaunpur to manufacture pressure cookers and cookware.{{Citation needed|date=December 2018}} | ||
Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh. | Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh. | ||
Sidhwan-Rampur Industrial Development Authority<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/varanasi/industrial-development-authority-finds-50-acre-land-in-jaunpur-unsuitable/articleshow/19732003.cms | title=Industrial Development Authority finds 50-acre land in Jaunpur unsuitable |access-date=28 June 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 April 2013}}</ref> has now setting its base in Rampur Nirvachan Kshetra on Jaunpur-Bhadohi Road in [[Mariyahu]] tehsil.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} | |||
In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India. | In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India. | ||
Virtually all | Virtually all kinds of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as medical, educational, residential, roads, transportation, drainage, telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, and field hostel have been fully established and are operative.<ref>{{cite web|title=About SIDA|url=http://sidajaunpur.com/about.htm|website=sidajaunpur.com|access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref> | ||
Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/perfume-industry-of-jaunpur-bottomed-out-will-rise-again-rita-bahuguna/States/news/1185555.html|title=Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna|date=1 April 2018|website=United News of India|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> | Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/perfume-industry-of-jaunpur-bottomed-out-will-rise-again-rita-bahuguna/States/news/1185555.html|title=Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna|date=1 April 2018|website=United News of India|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> | ||
| Line 136: | Line 139: | ||
==Transportation== | ==Transportation== | ||
===Rail=== | ===Rail=== | ||
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to [[Indian Railways]]. It has four major railway stations: [[Jaunpur City Railway Station]](JOP) and {{rws|Jaunpur Junction}} (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, [[Kirakat railway station|Kerakat railway station]] (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e. Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction. | [[File:Jaunpur Junction Electrified.jpg|thumb|Jaunpur Junction]] | ||
[[File:Jaunpur station.jpg|thumb|Jaunpur City]] | |||
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to [[Indian Railways]]. It has four major railway stations: [[Jaunpur City Railway Station]](JOP) and {{rws|Jaunpur Junction}} (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, [[Kirakat railway station|Kerakat railway station]] (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e., Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction. | |||
===Road=== | ===Road=== | ||
Jaunpur is well-connected to [[Lucknow]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Allahabad]] and other cities like [[Azamgarh]], [[Mirzapur]], Janghai, [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]], [[Kerakat]], [[Ghazipur]] etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur. | [[File:Gujarat India 4 lane state highway.jpg|thumb|Lucknow-Sultanpur-Jaunpur-Varanasi is now 4 Lane]] | ||
Jaunpur is well-connected to [[Lucknow]], [[Gorakhpur]], [[Varanasi]], [[Allahabad]] and other cities like [[Azamgarh]], [[Mirzapur]], Janghai, [[Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh|Sultanpur]], [[Kerakat]], [[Ghazipur]] etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.Jaunpur to Babatpur NH-56 is now 4-lane highway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Qps1s1zMhRM1FoLHzsSz7O/In-the-poll-year-all-roads-in-eastern-Uttar-Pradesh-lead-to.html|title=In the poll year, all roads in eastern Uttar Pradesh lead to Varanasi|last=Sood|first=Jyotika|date=6 November 2018|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|language=en|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> | |||
On 20 December 2021 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh [[Yogi Adityanath]] and Minister for Road Transport & Highways [[Nitin Gadkari]] announced new highways worth ₹1500 [[crore]]<ref>{{cite news |title=VIDEO: Yogi Adityanath and Nitin Gadkari on Jaunpur tour today, to present new projects worth 1500 Crore |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/elections/yogi-adityanath-and-nitin-gadkari-on-jaunpur-tour-today-to-present-new-projects-worth-1500-crore-750343 |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=India TV News |date=20 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> that are currently under construction. They are:{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} | |||
* Jaunpur-Mariyahu-Bhadohi, {{convert|38|km}} | |||
* Machlishahr-Janghai-Bhadohi, {{convert|48|km}} | |||
* Janghai-Bhadohi Greenfield Bypass, {{convert|36|km}} | |||
===Air=== | ===Air=== | ||
The nearest airport is [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport]] in [[Varanasi]], which is roughly 39 | The nearest airport is [[Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport]] in [[Varanasi]], which is roughly {{cvt|39|km}} from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is in [[Prayagraj]] which is roughly {{cvt|142|km}} away. An airport was planned to be built near Pali village of [[Mariyahu Assembly constituency|Mariyahu]] Tehsil in 2018 which was later cancelled.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} | ||
==Education== | ==Education== | ||
===University=== | ===University=== | ||
[[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]], formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. | [[File:Aerial View of Main Campus.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Aerial View of Main Campus of VBSPU]] | ||
* [[Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University]], formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after [[Vir Bahadur Singh]], former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. | |||
* Umanath Singh Autonomous State Medical Collage (UNS ASMC), in Siddiqpur has also been inaugurated by Prime Minister under One District One medical college during late 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical College |url=https://jaunpur.nic.in/public-utility-category/medical-college/ |website=District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh - India |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> | |||
=== Notable institutes=== | === Notable institutes=== | ||
* [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], 21 km south from the district headquarters on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu [[Tehsil]]. | * [[Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya]], 21 km south from the district headquarters on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu [[Tehsil]]. | ||
* [[Prasad Institute of Technology]], affiliated to [[Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University]] | |||
* [[Tilak Dhari Singh Post Graduate Degree College]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Faiz Rahman |title=UP elections 2017: With 47 IAS officers to boast of, this village rues lack of development |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/news/with-47-ias-officers-to-boast-of-this-village-rues-lack-of-development/articleshow/57507491.cms |access-date=7 April 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=7 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> is in heart of the Sadar tehsil. It has stadium, parking and auditorium facilities as well. | |||
== Science and Technology (Innovation) == | |||
World's largest language speaking social and educational humanoid robot [[Shalu Robot|"Robot Shalu]]". Shalu, the world-famous robot made of waste material capable of speaking 47 languages, has been developed by a scientist and educator from Jaunpur. | |||
==Local media== | ==Local media== | ||
Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including [[The Times of India|Times of India]], Hindustan Times, The Hindu, [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Amar Ujala]], Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, [[:ur:حوصلہ نیوز|Hausla News]] available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city. | Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including [[The Times of India|Times of India]], Hindustan Times, The Hindu, [[Dainik Jagran]], [[Amar Ujala]], Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, [[:ur:حوصلہ نیوز|Hausla News]] available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city. A Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} The city also catches Radio FM waves from neighboring city [[Varanasi]] they are: | ||
* [[Red FM 93.5|RED FM]] 93.5 | |||
* [[Radio Mirchi]] 98.3 | |||
* [[92.7 Big FM|Big FM]] 92.7 | |||
* [[Vividh Bharati|Vividh Bharti]] 100.6 | |||
==Notable people== | ==Notable people== | ||
[[File:Ravi Kishan celebrates his 44th birthday.jpg|thumb|[[Ravi Kishan]], a Bhojpuri film actor and Member of Parliament]] | |||
[[File:Jagmohan_Yadav_DGP_UP.jpeg|thumb|Jagmohan Yadav addressing a press conference]] | |||
<!--Entries in this list should be "notable" and already have a sourced Wikipedia article (see WP:GNG, WP:WTAF)--> | <!--Entries in this list should be "notable" and already have a sourced Wikipedia article (see WP:GNG, WP:WTAF)--> | ||
* [[ | <!--Arranged alphabetically by LAST NAME--> | ||
{{div col|colwidth=20em}} | |||
* [[Hasan Abidi]] | |||
* [[Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay]] | |||
* [[Munna Bajrangi]] | |||
* [[Banarasidas]] | |||
* [[Ashok Bhushan]] | * [[Ashok Bhushan]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Yadavendra Dutt Dubey]] | ||
* [[Syed Wazir Hasan]] | |||
* [[Majid Ali Jaunpuri]], Islamic scholar | |||
* [[Muhammad Jaunpuri]] | |||
* [[Ravi Kishan]] | |||
* [[Shailendra Yadav Lalai]] | |||
* [[Mohammad Akram Nadwi]], Islamic scholar | |||
* [[Sushma Patel]] | |||
* [[Tribhuvan Ram]] | |||
* [[Dhananjay Singh]] | |||
* [[Harivansh Singh]] | * [[Harivansh Singh]] | ||
* [[Indu Prakash Singh]] | * [[Indu Prakash Singh]] | ||
* [[Surendra Kumar Yadav(Judge)|Surendra Kumar Yadav]], judge | |||
* [[Lalji Singh]] | * [[Lalji Singh]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Shakeel Ahmed Samdani]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Jagdish Sonkar]] | ||
* [[Rajesh Vivek]] | * [[Rajesh Vivek]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Girish Chandra Yadav]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Jagmohan Yadav]], former [[Director general of police]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Police]] | ||
* [[Jawahar Yadav (Pandit)|Jawahar Yadav]], politician | |||
* [[ | {{div col end}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== | == Further reading == | ||
{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Jaunpur |short=x}} | {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Jaunpur |short=x}} | ||
{{EB1911 poster|Jaunpur}} | |||
{{Jaunpur district}} | {{Jaunpur district}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:21, 22 July 2023
Jaunpur | |
|---|---|
City | |
 | |
  Jaunpur  Jaunpur | |
| Coordinates: 25°44′N 82°41′E / 25.73°N 82.68°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Jaunpur |
| Founded | 1359 |
| Named for |
|
| Government | |
| • Member of Parliament | Shyam Singh Yadav (BSP) |
| Elevation | 82 m (269 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 180,362 |
| • Density | 1,113/km2 (2,880/sq mi) |
| Language | |
| • Official | Hindi[2] |
| • Additional official | Urdu[2] |
| • Regional | Bhojpuri[3] |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | UP-62 |
| Sex ratio | 925 females per 1000 males ♂/♀ |
| Website | jaunpur |
Jaunpur (Hindustani pronunciation: [dʒɔːnpʊr] (
listen)) is a city and a municipal board in Jaunpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located 228 km southeast of state capital Lucknow. Demographically, Jaunpur resembles the rest of the Purvanchal area in which it is located.
History[edit | edit source]
 | This section needs additional citations for verification. (August 2020) |
Earlier the Jaunpur district was ruled by the Bhar community, historically known as Sultan, having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan.[4][5] In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, a eunuch, who is notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.
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The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402–1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah.[4]:343
During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultanate was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.
The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.
Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Badi (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the Mughal Emperor Akbar. The bridge is still being used for transportation. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in good form.
Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection.
During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center. The major rebellion took place in Jaunpur when freedom fighters, led by Pandit Badrinath Tiwari, unfurled national flag at the railway station of Nibhapur. It was marked by a series of government-led suppressions of Pandit Badrinath Tiwari and his fellow freedom fighters throughout the district brave Pandit Ji refused to bow down in front of British atrocities.
Present state[edit | edit source]
Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.
Geography[edit | edit source]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2023) |
Rivers[edit | edit source]
Gomti, Sai, Varuna, Pili Nadi ('yellow rivulet' or 'river'), Mayur and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.[7][8]
Demographics[edit | edit source]
As per 2011 Indian Census, Jaunpur NPP had population of 180,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively, that is a sex ratio of 1024 females per 1000 males. Child population in the age range of 0–6 years was 22,710. The total number of literates in Jaunpur was 128,050, which constituted 71% of the population with male literacy of 75.2% and female literacy of 66.5%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Jaunpur was 81.2%, of which male literacy rate was 86.1% and female literacy rate was 75.9%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 12,703 and 195 respectively. There were 26216 households as of 2011.[1]
Economy[edit | edit source]
GSG, GS Green Enterprise Katehari-Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India. Hawkins Cookers Limited company has one of the three manufacturing plants in India at Jaunpur to manufacture pressure cookers and cookware.[citation needed]
Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Sidhwan-Rampur Industrial Development Authority[9] has now setting its base in Rampur Nirvachan Kshetra on Jaunpur-Bhadohi Road in Mariyahu tehsil.[citation needed]
In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under a growth center scheme of Govt. of India.
Virtually all kinds of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as medical, educational, residential, roads, transportation, drainage, telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, and field hostel have been fully established and are operative.[10]
Under One District, One Product (ODOP) Scheme 2018 of the UP Govt., perfume and carpet industry have been selected for Jaunpur district.[11]
Landmarks[edit | edit source]
Jaunpur Jama Masjid
Jaunpur Atala Masjid
There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur including monuments, and holy places.
Monuments[edit | edit source]
Religious sites[edit | edit source]
- Atala Masjid, Jaunpur
- Jama Masjid, Jaunpur
- Lal Darwaza Masjid, Jaunpur
- Sheetala Chaukia Dham Mandir Jaunpur
Transportation[edit | edit source]
Rail[edit | edit source]
Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four major railway stations: Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kerakat railway station (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e., Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahganj, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.
Road[edit | edit source]
Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Kerakat, Ghazipur etc. Mariahu NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.Jaunpur to Babatpur NH-56 is now 4-lane highway.[12]
On 20 December 2021 Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh Yogi Adityanath and Minister for Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari announced new highways worth ₹1500 crore[13] that are currently under construction. They are:[citation needed]
- Jaunpur-Mariyahu-Bhadohi, 38 kilometres (24 mi)
- Machlishahr-Janghai-Bhadohi, 48 kilometres (30 mi)
- Janghai-Bhadohi Greenfield Bypass, 36 kilometres (22 mi)
Air[edit | edit source]
The nearest airport is Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport in Varanasi, which is roughly 39 km (24 mi) from the city. The other nearest airport to Jaunpur is in Prayagraj which is roughly 142 km (88 mi) away. An airport was planned to be built near Pali village of Mariyahu Tehsil in 2018 which was later cancelled.[citation needed]
Education[edit | edit source]
University[edit | edit source]
- Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur. It was established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university and is named after Vir Bahadur Singh, former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.
- Umanath Singh Autonomous State Medical Collage (UNS ASMC), in Siddiqpur has also been inaugurated by Prime Minister under One District One medical college during late 2021.[14]
Notable institutes[edit | edit source]
- Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, 21 km south from the district headquarters on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil.
- Prasad Institute of Technology, affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
- Tilak Dhari Singh Post Graduate Degree College,[15] is in heart of the Sadar tehsil. It has stadium, parking and auditorium facilities as well.
Science and Technology (Innovation)[edit | edit source]
World's largest language speaking social and educational humanoid robot "Robot Shalu". Shalu, the world-famous robot made of waste material capable of speaking 47 languages, has been developed by a scientist and educator from Jaunpur.
Local media[edit | edit source]
Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Dainik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindustan, Rashtreey Sahara, Inquilab, Hausla News available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all major Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city. A Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.[citation needed] The city also catches Radio FM waves from neighboring city Varanasi they are:
- RED FM 93.5
- Radio Mirchi 98.3
- Big FM 92.7
- Vividh Bharti 100.6
Notable people[edit | edit source]
- Hasan Abidi
- Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
- Munna Bajrangi
- Banarasidas
- Ashok Bhushan
- Yadavendra Dutt Dubey
- Syed Wazir Hasan
- Majid Ali Jaunpuri, Islamic scholar
- Muhammad Jaunpuri
- Ravi Kishan
- Shailendra Yadav Lalai
- Mohammad Akram Nadwi, Islamic scholar
- Sushma Patel
- Tribhuvan Ram
- Dhananjay Singh
- Harivansh Singh
- Indu Prakash Singh
- Surendra Kumar Yadav, judge
- Lalji Singh
- Shakeel Ahmed Samdani
- Jagdish Sonkar
- Rajesh Vivek
- Girish Chandra Yadav
- Jagmohan Yadav, former Director general of police of Uttar Pradesh Police
- Jawahar Yadav, politician
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Census of India: Jaunpur (NPP)". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
- ↑ Linguistic Survey of India (Volume 5, Issue 2 ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. 1968.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goron, Stan; Goenka, J. P. (2001). The coins of the Indian sultanates: Covering the area of present-day India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-8121510103.
- ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 98. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ "View at Jaunpur, on the River Ganges". Wesleyan Juvenile Offering. IV: 60. June 1847. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ State Water Resources Agency (September 2019). Gomti Basin Plan (PDF). Development of River Basin Assessment and Plans for All Major River Basins in Uttar Pradesh. Vol. 1. Government of Uttar Pradesh. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023.
- ↑ "Industrial Development Authority finds 50-acre land in Jaunpur unsuitable". The Times of India. 26 April 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ↑ "About SIDA". sidajaunpur.com. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ↑ "Perfume industry of Jaunpur bottomed out, will rise again: Rita Bahuguna". United News of India. 1 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
- ↑ Sood, Jyotika (6 November 2018). "In the poll year, all roads in eastern Uttar Pradesh lead to Varanasi". Mint. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- ↑ "VIDEO: Yogi Adityanath and Nitin Gadkari on Jaunpur tour today, to present new projects worth 1500 Crore". India TV News. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
- ↑ "Medical College". District Jaunpur, Government of Uttar Pradesh - India. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ↑ Siddiqui, Faiz Rahman (7 March 2017). "UP elections 2017: With 47 IAS officers to boast of, this village rues lack of development". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
. Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.