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{{Short description|Hindu devotional hymn by Tulsidas dedicated to lord Hanuman}}
 
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{{Short description|Hindu devotional hymn}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox religious text
{{Infobox religious text
<!-- |italic title = (see above) -->
<!-- |italic title = (see above) -->
| name            = Hanuman
| name            = Hanuman Chalisa
| image            = Hanuman showing Rama in His heart.jpg
| image            = Hanuman showing Rama in His heart.jpg
| caption          = The Hindu deity [[Hanuman]] showing Rama in his Heart.
| caption          = The Hindu deity [[Hanuman]] showing Rama in his heart
| author          = [[Tulsidas]]
| author          = [[Tulsidas]]
| title_orig      = Shubham Krishnatray
| title_orig      = Shubham Krishnatray
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| cover_artist      =  
| cover_artist      =  
| country          =
| country          =
| language        = [[Awadhi language]]<ref>Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xviii.</ref>
| language        = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]]<ref>Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xviii.</ref>
| series          =  
| series          =  
| subject          =  
| subject          =  
| genre            = [[Bhakti]] literature (Devotional poetry)
| genre            = [[Bhakti movement|Bhakti]] literature<br>devotional poetry
|verses = 40
|verses = 40
| website          =  
| website          =  
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| followed_by      =  
| followed_by      =  
}}
}}
The '''''Hanuman Chalisa''''' ({{IPA-hi|ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː}}; ''[[Chaupai (poetry)|Forty chaupais]] on Hanuman'') is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] devotional hymn (''[[stotra]]'') in praise of [[Hanuman]].<ref name="mahaviriintro">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/amukha.php pp. 1–8.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052448/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/amukha.php |date=3 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/02/26/stories/2003022601521700.htm |title=Hanuman Chalisa in digital version |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |date=26 February 2003 |access-date=2011-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=किसने लिखी थी हनुमान चालीसा, जिसके बारे में कही जाती हैं कई बातें|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/who-wrote-hanuman-chalisa-the-story-behind-it-2999632.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=News18 India|date=9 April 2020}}</ref> It was authored by [[Tulsidas]] in the [[Awadhi language]],<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> and is his best known text apart from the ''[[Ramcharitmanas]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2006/01/03/stories/2006010300511400.htm |title=Book Review / Language Books : Epic of Tulasidas |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 January 2006 |access-date=2011-06-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/29/stories/2002112900990400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103112927/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/29/stories/2002112900990400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2004 |title=Lineage shows |date=29 November 2002 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-06-25}}</ref> The word "chālīsā" is derived from "chālīs", which means the number forty in [[Hindi]], as the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' has 40 verses (excluding the couplets at the beginning and at the end).<ref name="mahaviriintro" />
The '''''Hanuman Chalisa''''' ({{IPA-hi|ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː}}; ''[[Chaupai (poetry)|Forty chaupais]] on Hanuman'') is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] devotional hymn (''[[stotra]]'') in praise of [[Hanuman]].<ref name="mahaviriintro">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/amukha.php pp. 1–8.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052448/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/amukha.php |date=3 February 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/02/26/stories/2003022601521700.htm |title=Hanuman Chalisa in digital version |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |date=26 February 2003 |access-date=2011-06-25 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421130408/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2003/02/26/stories/2003022601521700.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=किसने लिखी थी हनुमान चालीसा, जिसके बारे में कही जाती हैं कई बातें|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/who-wrote-hanuman-chalisa-the-story-behind-it-2999632.html|access-date=2020-09-15|website=News18 India|date=9 April 2020|archive-date=4 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504125310/https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/who-wrote-hanuman-chalisa-the-story-behind-it-2999632.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It was authored by [[Tulsidas]] in the [[Awadhi language]],<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> and is his best known text apart from the ''[[Ramcharitmanas]]''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/br/2006/01/03/stories/2006010300511400.htm |title=Book Review / Language Books : Epic of Tulasidas |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 January 2006 |access-date=2011-06-25 |archive-date=4 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304141547/http://www.hindu.com/br/2006/01/03/stories/2006010300511400.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/29/stories/2002112900990400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040103112927/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2002/11/29/stories/2002112900990400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2004 |title=Lineage shows |date=29 November 2002 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2011-06-25}}</ref> The word "chālīsā" is derived from "chālīs", which means the number forty in [[Hindi]], as the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' has 40 verses (excluding the couplets at the beginning and at the end).<ref name="mahaviriintro" />


Hanuman is a devotee of [[Rama]] and one of the central characters of the ''[[Ramayana]]''. According to the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] tradition, the deity Hanuman is also an incarnation of [[Shiva]]. Folktales acclaim the powers of Hanuman.<ref name="peeb100">Peebles 1986, p. 100</ref> The qualities of the god Hanuman – his strength, courage, wisdom, celibacy ([[brahmcharya|brahmacharya]]), his devotion to Rama and the many names by which he is known – are detailed in the ''Hanuman Chalisa''.<ref name="peeb100" /> Recitation or chanting of the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is a common religious practice.<ref>Peebles 1986, p. 99</ref> The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is the most popular hymn in praise of Hanuman, and is recited by millions of Hindus every day.<ref name="nm2015foreword">[[Karan Singh]], in Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xvi.</ref>
Hanuman is a devotee of [[Rama]] and one of the central characters of the ''[[Ramayana]]''. According to the [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] tradition, the deity Hanuman is also an incarnation of [[Shiva]]. Folktales acclaim the powers of Hanuman.<ref name="peeb100">Peebles 1986, p. 100</ref> The qualities of the god Hanuman – his strength, courage, wisdom, celibacy ([[brahmcharya|brahmacharya]]), his devotion to Rama and the many names by which he is known – are detailed in the ''Hanuman Chalisa''.<ref name="peeb100" /> Recitation or chanting of the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is a common religious practice.<ref>Peebles 1986, p. 99</ref> The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is the most popular hymn in praise of Hanuman, and is recited by millions of Hindus every day.<ref name="nm2015foreword">[[Karan Singh]], in Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xvi.</ref>
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=== Deity ===
=== Deity ===
The [[Hindu]] deity to whom the prayer is addressed is [[Hanuman]], an ardent devotee of [[Rama]] (the seventh [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]) and a central character in the ''Ramayana''. A general among the [[vanara]]s, Hanuman was a warrior of Rama in the war against the [[rakshasa]] king [[Ravan|Ravana]]. Hanuman's exploits are much celebrated in a variety of religious and cultural traditions,<ref>Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff ''An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies''. 2007, page 537</ref> particularly in Hinduism, to the extent that he is often the object of worship according to some [[Bhakti movement|bhakti traditions]],<ref>Rosen, Steven. ''Essential Hinduism''. 2006, page 67-8</ref> and is the prime deity in many temples known as Hanuman Mandirs. He is one of the seven [[Chiranjivi|chiranjivis]] (immortals). Hanuman also appears in the [[Mahabharata]] on [[Arjuna|Arjuna's]] chariot as his [[dhvaja]] (flag).
The [[Hindu]] deity to whom the prayer is addressed is [[Hanuman]], an ardent devotee of [[Rama]] (the seventh [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]) and a central character in the ''Ramayana''. A general among the [[vanara]]s, Hanuman was a warrior of Rama in the war against the [[rakshasa]] king [[Ravana]]. Hanuman's exploits are much celebrated in a variety of religious and cultural traditions,<ref>Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff ''An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies''. 2007, page 537</ref> particularly in Hinduism, to the extent that he is often the object of worship according to some [[Bhakti movement|bhakti traditions]],<ref>Rosen, Steven. ''Essential Hinduism''. 2006, page 67-8</ref> and is the prime deity in many temples known as Hanuman Mandirs. He is one of the seven [[Chiranjivi|chiranjivis]] (immortals). Hanuman also appears in the [[Mahabharata]] on [[Arjuna|Arjuna's]] chariot as his [[dhvaja]] (flag).


== Text ==
== Text ==
[[File:Hanuman fetches the herb-bearing mountain, in a print from the Ravi Varma Press, 1910's.jpg|Hanuman fetches the mountain bearing the herb [[Sanjeevani (plant)|Sanjeevani]]|upright|thumb|right]]
The work consists of forty-three verses – two introductory [[Doha (poetry)|dohas]], forty [[Chaupai (poetry)|Chaupais]], and one doha in the end.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> The first introductory doha begins with the word ''shrī'', which refers to Shiva, who is considered the guru of Hanuman.<ref name="mahaviridoha01">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha01.php pp. 11–14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053021/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha01.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The auspicious form, knowledge, virtues, powers and bravery of Hanuman are described in the first ten Chaupais.<ref name="mahavirichaupai1415">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai14.php pp. 46–47] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053410/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai14.php |date=3 February 2014 }}, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai15.php 48–49] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053138/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai15.php |date=3 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="rao">Rao 2009, pp. 393–397</ref><ref name="Mehtaxv">Mehta 2007, p. xv</ref> Chaupais eleven to twenty describe the acts of Hanuman in his service to Rama, with the eleventh to fifteenth Chaupais describing the role of Hanuman in bringing back Lakshmana to consciousness.<ref name="mahavirichaupai1415" /> From the twenty-first Chaupai, Tulsidas describes the need of Hanuman's [[Kripa (philosophy)|''kripa'']].<ref name="mahavirichaupai20">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai20.php pp. 56–57] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052243/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai20.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> At the end, Tulsidas greets Hanuman with subtle devotion<ref name="mahavirichaupai37">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai37.php pp. 78–79] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052912/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai37.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> and requests him to reside in his heart and in the heart of devotees.<ref name="mahavirichaupai40">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai40.php pp. 81–82] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051945/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai40.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The concluding doha again requests Hanuman to reside in the heart, along with Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita.<ref name="mahaviridoha03">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha03.php pp. 83–84] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051940/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha03.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref>
 
The work consists of forty-three verses – two introductory [[Doha (poetry)|dohas]], forty [[Chaupai (poetry)|Chaupais]], and one doha in the end.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> The first introductory doha begins with the word ''shrī'', which refers to Shiva, who is considered the guru of Hanuman.<ref name="mahaviridoha01">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha01.php pp. 11–14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053021/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha01.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The auspicious form, knowledge, virtues, powers and bravery of Hanuman are described in the first ten Chaupais.<ref name="mahavirichaupai1415">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai14.php pp. 46–47], [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai15.php 48–49]</ref><ref name="rao">Rao 2009, pp. 393–397</ref><ref name="Mehtaxv">Mehta 2007, p. xv</ref> Chaupais eleven to twenty describe the acts of Hanuman in his service to Rama, with the eleventh to fifteenth Chaupais describing the role of Hanuman in bringing back Lakshmana to consciousness.<ref name="mahavirichaupai1415" /> From the twenty-first Chaupai, Tulsidas describes the need of Hanuman's [[Kripa (philosophy)|kripa]].<ref name="mahavirichaupai20">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai20.php pp. 56–57] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052243/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai20.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> At the end, Tulsidas greets Hanuman with subtle devotion<ref name="mahavirichaupai37">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai37.php pp. 78–79] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052912/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai37.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> and requests him to reside in his heart and in the heart of devotees.<ref name="mahavirichaupai40">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai40.php pp. 81–82] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051945/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/chaupai40.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The concluding doha again requests Hanuman to reside in the heart, along with Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita.<ref name="mahaviridoha03">Rambhadradas 1984, [http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha03.php pp. 83–84] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203051940/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/doha03.php|date=3 February 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Introductory dohas ===
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|-
|
| colspan="2" |
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
श्रीगुरु चरन सरोज रज, निज मनु मुकुरु सुधारि।
बरनऊं रघुबर बिमल जसु, जो दायकु फल चारि॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
shrī guru charana saroja raj, nija manu mukuru sudhāri।
baranaun raghubara bimala jasu, jo dayaku phala chāri॥
</poem>
|
|
|}


{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
== Commentaries ==
|- style="text-align:center;"
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Bharat Milap (Lithographic Print).jpg|upright|thumb|Depiction of [[Bharata (Ramayana)|Bharata]] meeting Rama watched by Hanuman, Sita and Lakshmana. From left – Hanuman, Bharata, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana]]
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
बुद्धिहीन तनु जानिके, सुमिरौं पवन-कुमार।
बल बुद्धि विद्या देहु मोही, हरहु कलेश विकार॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
budhiheena tanu janike, sumiraun pavana-kumara।
bala budhi vidya dehu mohi, harahu kalesha vikara॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
=== ''Hanuman Chalisa'' ===
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
जय हनुमान ज्ञान गुन सागर।
जय कपीश तिहु लोक उजागर॥ १ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
jaya hanumāna gnyāna guna sāgara।
jaya kapīsa tihu loka ujāgara॥ 1 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
राम दूत अतुलित बल धामा।
अंजनि पुत्र पवनसुत नामा॥ २ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
rāma dūta atulita bala dhāmā।
anjani putra pavanasuta nāmā॥ 2 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
महावीर विक्रम बजरंगी।
कुमति निवार सुमति के संगी॥ ३ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
mahāvīra vikrama bajarangī।
kumati nivāra sumati ke sangī॥ 3 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
कंचन वर्ण विराज सुवेशा।
कानन कुंडल कुंचित केशा॥ ४ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
kanchana barana birāja subesā।
kānana kundala kunchita kesā॥ 4 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
हाथ वज्र अरु ध्वजा विराजै।
काँधे मूँज जनेऊ साजै॥ ५ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
hātha bajra au dhvajā birājai।
kādhe mūnja janeū sājai॥ 5 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
शंकर स्वयं केसरी नंदन।
तेज प्रताप महा जग वंदन॥ ६ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
shankara swayam kesarī nandana।
teja pratāpa mahā jaga bandana॥ 6 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
विद्यावान गुणी अति चातुर।
राम काज करिबे को आतुर॥ ७ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
vidyāvāna gunī ati chātura।
rāma kāja karibe ko ātura॥ 7 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
प्रभु चरित्र सुनिबे को रसिया।
राम लखन सीता मन बसिया॥ ८ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
prabhu charitra sunibe ko rasiyā।
rāma lakhana sītā mana basiyā॥ 8 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
सूक्ष्म रूप धरी सियहिं दिखावा।
विकट रूप धरि लंक जरावा॥ ९ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sūkshma rūpa dhari siyahi dikhāvā।
bikata rūpa dhari lanka jarāvā॥ 9 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
भीम रूप धरि असुर सँहारे।
रामचन्द्र जी के काज सँवारे॥ १० ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
bhīma rūpa dhari asura sahāre।
rāmachandra ke kāja savāre॥ 10 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
लाय सँजीवन लखन जियाए।
श्रीरघुवीर हरषि उर लाए॥ ११ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
lāya sanjīvani lakhana jiyāe।
shrī raghubīra harashi ura lāe॥ 11 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
रघुपति कीन्ही बहुत बडाई।
तुम मम प्रिय भरतहिसम भाई॥ १२ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
raghupati kīnhī bahut badāī।
tuma mam priya bharathi sama bhāī॥ 12 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
सहस्त्र बदन तुम्हरो यश गावैं।
अस कहि श्रीपति कंठ लगावैं॥ १३ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sahasa badana tumharo jasa gāvai।
asa kahi shrīpati kantha lagāvai॥ 13 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
सनकादिक ब्रह्मादि मुनीशा।
नारद शारद सहित अहीशा॥ १४ ॥
यम कुबेर दिगपाल जहाँते।
कवि कोविद कहि सकैं कहाँते॥ १५ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sanakādika brahmādi munīsā।
nārada sārada sahita ahīsā॥ 14 ॥
jama kubera dikpāla jahā te।
kabi kobida kahi sakai kahā te॥ 15 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
तुम उपकार सुग्रीवहि कीन्हा।
राम मिलाय राजपद दीन्हा॥ १६ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
tuma upakāra sugrīvahi kīnhā।
rāma milāya rājapada dīnhā॥ 16 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
तुम्हरो मन्त्र विभीषण माना।
लंकेश्वर भए सब जग जाना॥ १७ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
tumharo mantra bibhīshana mānā।
lankeshvara bhae saba jaga jānā॥ 17 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
युग सहस्र योजन पर भानू।
लील्यो ताहि मधुर फल जानू॥ १८ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
juga sahasra jojana para bhānū।
līlyo tāhi madhura phala jānū॥ 18 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
प्रभु मुद्रिका मेलि मुख माही।
जलधि लाँघि गये अचरज नाही॥ १९ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
prabhu mudrikā meli mukha māhī।
jaladhi lāghi gaye acharaja nāhī॥ 19 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
दुर्गम काज जगत के जेते ।
सुगम अनुग्रह तुम्हरे तेते॥ २० ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
durgama kāja jagata ke jete।
sugama anugraha tumhare tete॥ 20 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
राम दुआरे तुम रखवारे।
होत न आज्ञा बिन पैसारे॥ २१ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
rāma duāre tuma rakhavāre।
hota na āgnyā binu paisāre॥ 21 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
सब सुख लहै तुम्हारी शरना।
तुम रक्षक काहू को डरना॥ २२ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
saba sukha lahai tumhārī saranā।
tuma rakshaka kāhū ko daranā॥ 22 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
आपन तेज सम्हारो आपै।
तीनौं लोक हाँक ते काँपे॥ २३ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
āpana teja samhāro āpai।
tinau loka hāka te kāpai॥ 23 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
भूत पिशाच निकट नहिं आवै।
महावीर जब नाम सुनावै॥ २४ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
bhūta pishācha nikata nahi āvai।
mahābīra jaba nāma sunāvai॥ 24 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
नासै रोग हरै सब पीरा।
जपत निरंतर हनुमत बीरा॥ २५ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
nāsai roga harai saba pīrā।
japata nirantara hanumata bīrā॥ 25 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
संकट से हनुमान छुड़ावै।
मन क्रम बचन ध्यान जो लावै॥ २६ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sankata te hanumāna chhudāvai।
mana krama bachana dhyāna jo lāvai॥ 26 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
सब पर राम राय सिर ताजा।
तिन के काज सकल तुम साजा॥ २७ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
saba para rāma tapasvī rāja
tina ke kāja sakala tuma sājā॥ 27 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
और मनोरथ जो कोई लावै।
सोई अमित जीवन फल पावै॥ २८ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
aura manoratha jo koī lāvai।
Sohi amita jīvana phala pāvai॥ 28 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
चारों युग परताप तुम्हारा।
है परसिद्ध जगत उजियारा॥ २९ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
chāro juga para tāpa tumhārā।
hai parasiddha jagata ujiyyārā॥ 29 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
साधु संत के तुम रखवारे।
असुर निकंदन राम दुलारे॥ ३० ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sādhu santa ke tuma rakhavāre।
asura nikandana rāma dulāre॥ 30 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
अष्ट सिद्धि नव निधि के दाता।
अस बर दीन्ह जानकी माता॥ ३१ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
ashta siddhi nau nidhi ke dātā।
asa bara dīnha jānakī mātā॥ 31 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
राम रसायन तुम्हरे पासा।
सादर हो रघुपति के दासा॥ ३२ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
rāma rasāyana tumhare pāsā।
sādar ho raghupati ke dāsā॥ 32 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
तुम्हरे भजन राम को भावै।
जनम जनम के दुख बिसरावै॥ ३३ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
tumhare bhajana rāma ko pāvai।
janama janama ke dukha bisarāvai॥ 33 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
अंत काल रघुपति पुर जाई।
जहाँ जन्म हरिभक्त कहाई॥ ३४ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
anta kāla raghubara pura jāī।
jahā janma hari bhakta kahāī॥ 34 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
और देवता चित्त न धरई।
हनुमत सेइ सर्व सुख करई॥ ३५ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
aura devatā chitta na dharaī।
hanumata sei sarba sukha karaī॥ 35 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
संकट हटै मिटै सब पीरा।
जो सुमिरै हनुमत बलबीरा॥ ३६ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
sankata katai mitai saba pīrā।
jo sumirai hanumata balabīrā॥ 36 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
जय जय जय हनुमान गोसाईं।
कृपा करो गुरुदेव की नाईं॥ ३७ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
jaya jaya jaya hanumāna gosāī।
kripā karahu gurudeva kī nāī॥ 37 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
यह सत बार पाठ कर जोई।
छूटहि बंदि महा सुख होई॥ ३८ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
jo sata bāra pātha kara koī।
chhūtahi bandi mahā sukha hoī॥ 38 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
जो यह पढ़ै हनुमान चालीसा।
होय सिद्धि साखी गौरीसा॥ ३९ ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
jo yaha padhai hanumāna chālīsā।
hoya siddhi sākhī gaurīsā॥ 39 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
तुलसीदास सदा हरि चेरा।
कीजै नाथ हृदय मह डेरा॥ ४० ॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
tulasīdāsa sadā hari cherā।
kījai nātha hridaya maha derā॥ 40 ॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
=== Concluding doha ===
{| style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; width: 60em;"
|- style="text-align:center;"
|<poem>
[[Devanagari]]
 
पवनतनय संकट हरण मंगल मूरति रूप।
राम लखन सीता सहित हृदय बसहु सुर भूप॥
</poem>
| <poem>
[[Hunterian transliteration|Hunterian]]
pavantanaya sankata harana mangala mūrati rūpa।
rāma lakhan sītā sahita hridaya basahu sura bhūpa॥
</poem>
|-
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
=== Commentaries ===
[[File:Raja Ravi Varma, Bharat Milap (Lithographic Print).jpg|right|upright|thumb|Depiction of Bharata (Rama's Youngest Brother) meeting Rama watched by Hanuman, Sita and Lakshmana.... From Left – Hanuman, Bharata, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana]]


Before the 1980s, no commentary had been composed on the ''Hanuman Chalisa'', which Rambhadracharya attributes to the work not being included in printed editions of collected works of Tulsidas.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> Indubhushan Ramayani authored the first brief commentary on ''Hanuman Chalisa''.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> Rambhadracharya's ''Mahaviri'' commentary in Hindi, authored in 1983,<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> was called the best commentary on ''Hanuman Chalisa'' by Rama Chandra Prasad.<ref name="prasad-hc">{{cite book | last = Prasad | first = Ram Chandra | title = Sri Ramacaritamanasa The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass | year = 1999 | edition = Illustrated, reprint | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiYt00x5tcQC&pg=849 | access-date=7 June 2013 | orig-year = First published 1991 | location = Delhi, India | isbn = 978-81-208-0443-2 | quote = श्रीहनुमानचालीसा की सर्वश्रेष्ठ व्याख्या के लिए देखें महावीरी व्याख्या, जिसके लेखक हैं प्रज्ञाचक्षु आचार्य श्रीरामभद्रदासजी। श्रीहनुमानचालीसा के प्रस्तुत भाष्य का आधार श्रीरामभद्रदासजी की ही वैदुष्यमंडित टीका है। इसके लिए मैं आचार्यप्रवर का ऋणी हूँ। [For the best explanation of Śrīhanumānacālīsā, refer the Mahāvīrī commentary, whose author is the visually-disabled Ācārya Śrīrāmabhadradāsa. The base for the commentary on Śrīhanumānacālīsā being presented is the commentary by Śrīrāmabhadradāsa, which is adorned with erudition. For this, I am indebted to the eminent Ācārya.]}}</ref>
Before the 1980s, no commentary had been composed on the ''Hanuman Chalisa'', which Rambhadracharya attributes to the work not being included in printed editions of collected works of Tulsidas.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> Indubhushan Ramayani authored the first brief commentary on ''Hanuman Chalisa''.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> Rambhadracharya's ''Mahaviri'' commentary in Hindi, authored in 1983,<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> was called the best commentary on ''Hanuman Chalisa'' by Rama Chandra Prasad.<ref name="prasad-hc">{{cite book | last = Prasad | first = Ram Chandra | title = Sri Ramacaritamanasa The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass | year = 1999 | edition = Illustrated, reprint | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiYt00x5tcQC&pg=849 | access-date=7 June 2013 | orig-year = First published 1991 | location = Delhi, India | isbn = 978-81-208-0443-2 | quote = श्रीहनुमानचालीसा की सर्वश्रेष्ठ व्याख्या के लिए देखें महावीरी व्याख्या, जिसके लेखक हैं प्रज्ञाचक्षु आचार्य श्रीरामभद्रदासजी। श्रीहनुमानचालीसा के प्रस्तुत भाष्य का आधार श्रीरामभद्रदासजी की ही वैदुष्यमंडित टीका है। इसके लिए मैं आचार्यप्रवर का ऋणी हूँ। [For the best explanation of Śrīhanumānacālīsā, refer the Mahāvīrī commentary, whose author is the visually-disabled Ācārya Śrīrāmabhadradāsa. The base for the commentary on Śrīhanumānacālīsā being presented is the commentary by Śrīrāmabhadradāsa, which is adorned with erudition. For this, I am indebted to the eminent Ācārya.]}}</ref>
== Review ==
[[Swami Karpatri]] considered ''Hanuman Chalisa'' to be a supreme ''[[pramana]]'', omnipotent and capable of fulfilling all wishes, like the Vedic [[mantra]]s.<ref name="mahaviriintro" /> Rambhadracharya called it full of auspiciousness and a "jewel amongst stotras", and said that he had witnessed and heard of many instances where the wishes of people reciting the Chalisa with [[Śraddhā|faith]] were granted.<ref name="mahaviriintro" />


== In popular culture ==
== In popular culture ==
Line 755: Line 65:
The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is one of the best selling Hindu religious books and has been sung by many popular bhajan, classical and folk singers.<ref name="nm2015preface" /> The rendition of ''Hanuman Chalisa'' by [[Hari Om Sharan]], originally released in 1974 by the [[Saregama|Gramophone Company of India]] and re-released in 1995 by [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|Super Cassettes Industries]],<ref name="nm2015notation" /> is one of the most popular, and is regularly played at temples and homes across Northern India.<ref name="nm2015preface" /><ref>{{cite book | title=Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India – Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology | last=Manuel | first=Peter | edition=2, illustrated | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1993 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep00manu/page/n138 117] | isbn=978-0-226-50401-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep00manu }}</ref> This rendition is based on traditional melodies in the Mishra Khamaj, a [[raga]] belonging to the [[Khamaj]] [[That (music)|That]],<ref name="nm2015notation">Nityanand Misra 2015, pp. 199–212.</ref> with the base note taken at the second black key (''kali do'') of the [[harmonium]].<ref name="nm2015notation" /> A recording based on the same traditional melodies was released in 1992 by Super Cassettes Industries, with [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] as the singer and [[Gulshan Kumar]] as the artiste.<ref name="nm2015notation" />
The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is one of the best selling Hindu religious books and has been sung by many popular bhajan, classical and folk singers.<ref name="nm2015preface" /> The rendition of ''Hanuman Chalisa'' by [[Hari Om Sharan]], originally released in 1974 by the [[Saregama|Gramophone Company of India]] and re-released in 1995 by [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|Super Cassettes Industries]],<ref name="nm2015notation" /> is one of the most popular, and is regularly played at temples and homes across Northern India.<ref name="nm2015preface" /><ref>{{cite book | title=Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India – Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology | last=Manuel | first=Peter | edition=2, illustrated | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1993 | page=[https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep00manu/page/n138 117] | isbn=978-0-226-50401-8 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/cassetteculturep00manu }}</ref> This rendition is based on traditional melodies in the Mishra Khamaj, a [[raga]] belonging to the [[Khamaj]] [[That (music)|That]],<ref name="nm2015notation">Nityanand Misra 2015, pp. 199–212.</ref> with the base note taken at the second black key (''kali do'') of the [[harmonium]].<ref name="nm2015notation" /> A recording based on the same traditional melodies was released in 1992 by Super Cassettes Industries, with [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] as the singer and [[Gulshan Kumar]] as the artiste.<ref name="nm2015notation" />


Other notable renditions include those by bhajan singers [[Anup Jalota]] and [[Ravindra Jain]], Hindustani vocalists [[Pandit Jasraj]] and [[Rajan and Sajan Mishra]], and the Carnatic vocalist [[M.S. Subbulakshmi]].<ref name="nm2015notation" /> The renditions by [[P. Unni Krishnan|Unni Krishnan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]], [[Pandit Bhimsen Joshi]], [[Ganapathi Sachchidananda]] Swamiji and [[Morari Bapu]] are also popular.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
Other notable renditions include those by bhajan singers [[Anup Jalota]] and [[Ravindra Jain]], Hindustani vocalists [[Pandit Jasraj]] and [[Rajan and Sajan Mishra]], and the Carnatic vocalist [[M.S. Subbulakshmi]].<ref name="nm2015notation" /> The renditions by [[P. Unni Krishnan|Unni Krishnan]], [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]], [[Pandit Bhimsen Joshi]], [[Ganapathi Sachchidananda]] Swamiji and [[Morari Bapu]] are also popular.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kats |first=Local |date=11 May 2023 |title=Hanuman |url=https://www.localkats.com/2023/05/hanuman-chalisa-in-marathi.html |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=localkats.com}}</ref>


Among western singers [[Krishna Das (singer)|Krishna Das]] has performed the Hanuman Chalisa in both slow and fast formats.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://krishnadas.com/podcasts/call-response/spiritual-experiences-auschwitz-and-bernie-glassman/|title = Ep. 27 &#124; Spiritual Experiences, Auschwitz and Bernie Glassman|date = June 15, 2020}}</ref>
Among western singers [[Krishna Das (singer)|Krishna Das]] has performed the Hanuman Chalisa in both slow and fast formats.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://krishnadas.com/podcasts/call-response/spiritual-experiences-auschwitz-and-bernie-glassman/|title = Ep. 27 &#124; Spiritual Experiences, Auschwitz and Bernie Glassman|date = June 15, 2020|access-date = 12 April 2022|archive-date = 29 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220529013444/https://www.krishnadas.com/podcasts/call-response/spiritual-experiences-auschwitz-and-bernie-glassman/|url-status = live}}</ref>


=== Popular movies ===
=== Popular movies ===
In the Hindi movie ''[[1920 (film)|1920]]'' (directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]]), ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is frequently used in different scenes. One of the scenes show the protagonist Arjun Singh Rathod (played by [[Rajneesh Duggal]]), reciting the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' in full. It is used in an important sequence in ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]],'' when the protagonist fights back against child traffickers and rescues a little girl from them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bajrangi Bhaijaan Plot Summary – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bajrangi-bhaijaan-plot-summary/articleshow/48108672.cms|access-date=2021-02-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
In the Hindi movie ''[[1920 (film)|1920]]'' (directed by [[Vikram Bhatt]]), ''Hanuman Chalisa'' is frequently used in different scenes. One of the scenes show the protagonist Arjun Singh Rathod (played by [[Rajneesh Duggal]]), reciting the ''Hanuman Chalisa'' in full. It is used in an important sequence in ''[[Bajrangi Bhaijaan]],'' when the protagonist fights back against child traffickers and rescues a little girl from them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bajrangi Bhaijaan Plot Summary – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bajrangi-bhaijaan-plot-summary/articleshow/48108672.cms|access-date=2021-02-01|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=1 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301043713/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bajrangi-bhaijaan-plot-summary/articleshow/48108672.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>


An animation movie named ''Shri Hanuman Chalisa'' directed by [[Charuvi Agrawal|Charuvi Agarwal]] and designed by [[Charuvi Design Labs]] is a film on Hanuman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=96|title=Charuvi Design Labs release The Second official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423025521/http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=96|archive-date=23 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=91|title=Charuvi Design Labs release The first official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033637/http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=91|archive-date=23 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
An animation movie named ''Shri Hanuman Chalisa'' directed by [[Charuvi Agrawal|Charuvi Agarwal]] and designed by [[Charuvi Design Labs]] is a film on Hanuman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=96|title=Charuvi Design Labs release The Second official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423025521/http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=96|archive-date=23 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=91|title=Charuvi Design Labs release The first official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"|access-date=2016-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423033637/http://animationgalaxy.in/Newsindetail.aspx?Dept=Creatives&PID=91|archive-date=23 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' was sung by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in chorus with twenty other singers.<ref name="nm2015preface" /> This recording was released as a part of the ''Shri Hanuman Chalisa'' album in 2011 and received an unprecedented response by the releasing music label during November 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364066_1_tv-ad-campaign-music-label-album|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109075136/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364066_1_tv-ad-campaign-music-label-album|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2011|title=All in praise of the Almighty|date=6 November 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref>
The ''Hanuman Chalisa'' was sung by [[Amitabh Bachchan]] in chorus with twenty other singers.<ref name="nm2015preface" /> This recording was released as a part of the ''Shri Hanuman Chalisa'' album in 2011 and received an unprecedented response by the releasing music label during November 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364066_1_tv-ad-campaign-music-label-album|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111109075136/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-06/news-and-interviews/30364066_1_tv-ad-campaign-music-label-album|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 November 2011|title=All in praise of the Almighty|date=6 November 2011|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 June 2012}}</ref>


A rendition of ''Hanuman Chalisa'' sung by [[Gulshan Kumar]] and [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] became the first devotional song and first on [[YouTube]] to cross 2 billion views in November 2021. It is also currently the most viewed [[List of most-viewed Indian music videos on YouTube|Indian]] music video on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infotonline.com/hanuman-chalisa-by-gulshan-kumar-crosses-1b-views/|title=Hanuman Chalisa by Gulshan Kumar crosses 1B views on YouTube, another World record made by T-series|work=Infotonline|date=27 May 2020|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
A rendition of ''Hanuman Chalisa'' sung by [[Gulshan Kumar]] and [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]] became the first and only one [[devotional song]] and first on [[YouTube]] to cross 3 billion views in November 2022. It is also currently the most viewed [[List of most-viewed Indian music videos on YouTube|Indian]] music video on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infotonline.com/hanuman-chalisa-by-gulshan-kumar-crosses-1b-views/|title=Hanuman Chalisa by Gulshan Kumar crosses 3 billion views on YouTube, another World record made by T-series|work=Infotonline|date=27 May 2020|access-date=May 27, 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920180754/https://infotonline.com/hanuman-chalisa-by-gulshan-kumar-crosses-1b-views/|url-status=live}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]
* [[Shri Ramachandra Kripalu]]
* [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra|Thumak Chalat Rama Chandra]]
* [[Thumak Chalat Ram Chandra|Thumak Chalat Rama Chandra]]
{{Portal bar|India|Religion}}
== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last1=de Bruyn |first1=Pippa |last2=Bain |first2=Keith |last3=Allardice |first3=David |last4=Joshi |first4=Shonar |title=Frommer's India |year=2010 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |page=471}}
* {{cite book |last1=de Bruyn |first1=Pippa |last2=Bain |first2=Keith |last3=Allardice |first3=David |last4=Joshi |first4=Shonar |title=Frommer's India |year=2010 |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |page=471}}
* {{cite book |last1=Callewaert |first1=Winand M. |last2=Schilder |first2=Robert |title=Banaras: Vision of a Living Ancient Tradition |year=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=9788170103028 |location=New Delhi, India |page=90}}
* {{cite book |last1=Callewaert |first1=Winand M. |last2=Schilder |first2=Robert |title=Banaras: Vision of a Living Ancient Tradition |year=2000 |publisher=Hemkunt Press |isbn=9788170103028 |location=New Delhi, India |page=90}}
* {{cite book |last=Chaturvedi |first=B.K. |title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa (Roman) |year=1994b |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7182-395-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Chaturvedi |first=B.K. |title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa (Roman) |year=1994b |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books |location=New Delhi |isbn=81-7182-395-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Constance |last2=Ryan |first2=James D. |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |title = Encyclopedia of Hinduism |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions |location=New York |year=2007 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |page=456 |quote=It can be said without reservation that Tulsidas is the greatest poet to write in the Hindi language. Tulsidas was a Brahmin by birth and was believed to be a reincarnation of the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana, Valmiki.}}
* {{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Constance |last2=Ryan |first2=James D. |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9 |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |series=Encyclopedia of World Religions |location=New York |year=2007 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |page=456 |quote=It can be said without reservation that Tulsidas is the greatest poet to write in the Hindi language. Tulsidas was a Brahmin by birth and was believed to be a reincarnation of the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana, Valmiki.}}
* {{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Pt. Vijay Shankar |title=Kripa Karahu Guru Dev Ki Naain |year=2007 |publisher=Radhakrishnan Prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-8361-041-4 |page=9 |edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book |last=Mehta |first=Pt. Vijay Shankar |title=Kripa Karahu Guru Dev Ki Naain |year=2007 |publisher=Radhakrishnan Prakashan |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-81-8361-041-4 |page=9 |edition=2nd}}
* {{cite book |last=Misra |first=Munindra |title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa in English Rhyme with original text |year=2015 |publisher=Osmora Inc. |location=United States |isbn=9782765913702}}
* {{cite book |last=Misra |first=Munindra |title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa in English Rhyme with original text |year=2015 |publisher=Osmora Inc. |location=United States |isbn=9782765913702}}
* {{cite book |last=Misra |first=Nityanand |author-link=Nityanand Misra |title=Mahāvīrī: Hanumān-Cālīsā Demystified |year=2015 |publisher=Niraamaya Publishing Services Pvt Ltd |location=Mumbai, India |isbn=9788193114407}}
* {{cite book |last=Misra |first=Nityanand |author-link=Nityanand Misra |title=Mahāvīrī: Hanumān-Cālīsā Demystified |year=2015 |publisher=Niraamaya Publishing Services Pvt Ltd |location=Mumbai, India |isbn=9788193114407}}
* {{cite book |last=Mitra |first=Swati |title=Good Earth Varanasi City Guide |publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited |location=New Delhi, India |year=2002 |isbn=9788187780045 |page=216}}
* {{cite book |last=Mitra |first=Swati |title=Good Earth Varanasi City Guide |publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited |location=New Delhi, India |year=2002 |isbn=9788187780045 |page=216}}
* {{cite book |last=Peebles |first=Patrick |title = Voices of South Asia: Essential Readings from Antiquity to the Present |publisher=M.E. Sharpe Inc. |location=United States |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-7656-3480-1 |page=216}}
* {{cite book |last=Peebles |first=Patrick |title=Voices of South Asia: Essential Readings from Antiquity to the Present |publisher=M.E. Sharpe Inc. |location=United States |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-7656-3480-1 |page=216}}
* {{cite web |last=Rambhadradas |author-link=Rambhadracharya |website=Jagadgururambhadracharya.org |date=8 June 1984 |publisher=Krishnadas Charitable Trust |location=New Delhi, India |language=hi |trans-title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa (with the Mahaviri commentary) |script-title=hi:संकट तें हनुमान छुड़ावै। मन क्रम बचन ध्यान जो लावै |url=http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/contents.php |access-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117205618/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/contents.php |archive-date=17 November 2013}}
* {{cite web |last=Rambhadradas |author-link=Rambhadracharya |website=Jagadgururambhadracharya.org |date=8 June 1984 |publisher=Krishnadas Charitable Trust |location=New Delhi, India |language=hi |trans-title=Shri Hanuman Chalisa (with the Mahaviri commentary) |title= |script-title=hi:संकट तें हनुमान छुड़ावै। मन क्रम बचन ध्यान जो लावै |url=http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/contents.php |access-date=29 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117205618/http://jagadgururambhadracharya.org/works/hcm/contents.php |archive-date=17 November 2013}}
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=Cheeni |title=In Hanuman's Hands: A Memoir |year=2009 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |location=United States |isbn=978-0-06-073662-0 |page=393 |edition=First}}
* {{cite book |last=Rao |first=Cheeni |title=In Hanuman's Hands: A Memoir |year=2009 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |location=United States |isbn=978-0-06-073662-0 |page=393 |edition=First}}
* {{cite book |last=Sahni |first=Bhisham |author-link=Bhisham Sahni |isbn=9788171789603 |title=Nilu, Nilima, Nilofara |location=New Delhi, India |language=hi |year=2000 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd |pages=78–80 |quote=हिन्दी का सौभाग्य है कि उसके काव्यकुंज की तुलसी-मंजरी की जैसी सुगंध संसार की साहित्य वाटिका में शायद कहीं नहीं। ... आकर्षण दोनों में अत्यधिक है अपने-अपने ढंग पर दोनों ही बहुत बड़े हैं, पर फिर भी सब तरफ़ से केवल काव्य के सौंदर्य पर विचार करने पर तुलसीदास ही बड़े ठहरते हैं – भाषा साहित्य में रवीन्द्रनाथ के संबंध में कहना पड़ता है कि भ्रम त्रुटियाँ मिल सकती हैं पर तुलसीदास के संबंध में कोई शायद ही मिले। ... और यही कारण है निराला जी तुलसीदास को कालिदास, व्यास, वाल्मीकि, होमर, गेटे और शेक्सपियर के समकक्ष रखकर उनके महत्त्व का आकलन करते हैं।}}
* {{cite book |last=Sahni |first=Bhisham |author-link=Bhisham Sahni |isbn=9788171789603 |title=Nilu, Nilima, Nilofara |location=New Delhi, India |language=hi |year=2000 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd |pages=78–80 |quote=हिन्दी का सौभाग्य है कि उसके काव्यकुंज की तुलसी-मंजरी की जैसी सुगंध संसार की साहित्य वाटिका में शायद कहीं नहीं। ... आकर्षण दोनों में अत्यधिक है अपने-अपने ढंग पर दोनों ही बहुत बड़े हैं, पर फिर भी सब तरफ़ से केवल काव्य के सौंदर्य पर विचार करने पर तुलसीदास ही बड़े ठहरते हैं – भाषा साहित्य में रवीन्द्रनाथ के संबंध में कहना पड़ता है कि भ्रम त्रुटियाँ मिल सकती हैं पर तुलसीदास के संबंध में कोई शायद ही मिले। ... और यही कारण है निराला जी तुलसीदास को कालिदास, व्यास, वाल्मीकि, होमर, गेटे और शेक्सपियर के समकक्ष रखकर उनके महत्त्व का आकलन करते हैं।}}
* {{cite book |last=Subramanian |first=Vadakaymadam Krishnier |location=New Delhi, India |title=Hymns of Tulsidas |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2008 |isbn=9788170174967 |page=inside cover |quote=Famous classical singers like Paluskar, Anoop Jalota and MS Subbulakshmi have popularised Tulsidas's hymns among the people of India.}}
* {{cite book |last=Subramanian |first=Vadakaymadam Krishnier |location=New Delhi, India |title=Hymns of Tulsidas |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=2008 |isbn=9788170174967 |page=inside cover |quote=Famous classical singers like Paluskar, Anoop Jalota and MS Subbulakshmi have popularised Tulsidas's hymns among the people of India.}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}{{Portal bar|India|Religion}}


[[Category:Hanuman]]
[[Category:Hanuman]]

Revision as of 02:05, 22 July 2023


Hanuman Chalisa
Hanuman showing Rama in His heart.jpg
The Hindu deity Hanuman showing Rama in his heart
Information
ReligionHinduism
AuthorTulsidas
LanguageAwadhi[1]
Verses40

The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) in praise of Hanuman.[2][3][4] It was authored by Tulsidas in the Awadhi language,[2] and is his best known text apart from the Ramcharitmanas.[5][6] The word "chālīsā" is derived from "chālīs", which means the number forty in Hindi, as the Hanuman Chalisa has 40 verses (excluding the couplets at the beginning and at the end).[2]

Hanuman is a devotee of Rama and one of the central characters of the Ramayana. According to the Shaiva tradition, the deity Hanuman is also an incarnation of Shiva. Folktales acclaim the powers of Hanuman.[7] The qualities of the god Hanuman – his strength, courage, wisdom, celibacy (brahmacharya), his devotion to Rama and the many names by which he is known – are detailed in the Hanuman Chalisa.[7] Recitation or chanting of the Hanuman Chalisa is a common religious practice.[8] The Hanuman Chalisa is the most popular hymn in praise of Hanuman, and is recited by millions of Hindus every day.[9]

Description

The authorship of the Hanuman Chalisa is attributed to Tulsidas, a poet-saint who lived in the 16th century CE. He mentions his name in the last verse of the hymn. It is said in the 39th verse of the Hanuman Chalisa that whoever chants it with full devotion to Hanuman, will have Hanuman's grace. Among Hindus worldwide, it is a very popular belief that chanting the Chalisa invokes Hanuman's divine intervention in grave problems.

Author

The most common picture of Tulsidas
Home of Tulsidas on the banks of River Ganga Tulsi Ghat Varanasi where Hanuman Chalisa was written, a small temple is also located at this site

Tulsidas[10] (1497/1532–1623) was a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher renowned for his devotion for Rama. A composer of several popular works, he is best known for being the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Ramayana in the vernacular Awadhi language. Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime to be a reincarnation of Valmiki, the composer of the original Ramayana in Sanskrit.[11] Tulsidas lived in the city of Varanasi until his death.[12] The Tulsi Ghat in Varnasi is named after him.[10] He founded the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple dedicated to Hanuman in Varanasi, believed to stand at the place where he had the sight of Hanuman.[13] Tulsidas started the Ramlila plays, a folk-theatre adaption of the Ramayana.[14] He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest poets in Hindi, Indian, and World literature.[15][16][17][18] The impact of Tulsidas and his works on the art, culture and society in India is widespread and is seen to date in vernacular language, Ramlila plays, Hindustani classical music, popular music, and television series.[14][19][20][21]

Language

There are 2 couplets in the beginning and one couplet at the ending between the 40 verses of Hanuman Chalisa.[22] The Chalisa detail in the order of his knowledge, devotion to Rama and man without any desire.[23] As with the case of devotional literature, Tulsidas starts the poem with two couplets praising his guru (teacher).[24] The language of Chalisa is in the Awadhi language.[25]

Deity

The Hindu deity to whom the prayer is addressed is Hanuman, an ardent devotee of Rama (the seventh avatar of Vishnu) and a central character in the Ramayana. A general among the vanaras, Hanuman was a warrior of Rama in the war against the rakshasa king Ravana. Hanuman's exploits are much celebrated in a variety of religious and cultural traditions,[26] particularly in Hinduism, to the extent that he is often the object of worship according to some bhakti traditions,[27] and is the prime deity in many temples known as Hanuman Mandirs. He is one of the seven chiranjivis (immortals). Hanuman also appears in the Mahabharata on Arjuna's chariot as his dhvaja (flag).

Text

The work consists of forty-three verses – two introductory dohas, forty Chaupais, and one doha in the end.[2] The first introductory doha begins with the word shrī, which refers to Shiva, who is considered the guru of Hanuman.[28] The auspicious form, knowledge, virtues, powers and bravery of Hanuman are described in the first ten Chaupais.[29][30][31] Chaupais eleven to twenty describe the acts of Hanuman in his service to Rama, with the eleventh to fifteenth Chaupais describing the role of Hanuman in bringing back Lakshmana to consciousness.[29] From the twenty-first Chaupai, Tulsidas describes the need of Hanuman's kripa.[32] At the end, Tulsidas greets Hanuman with subtle devotion[33] and requests him to reside in his heart and in the heart of devotees.[34] The concluding doha again requests Hanuman to reside in the heart, along with Rama, Lakshmana, and Sita.[35]

Commentaries

Depiction of Bharata meeting Rama watched by Hanuman, Sita and Lakshmana. From left – Hanuman, Bharata, Rama, Sita and Lakshmana

Before the 1980s, no commentary had been composed on the Hanuman Chalisa, which Rambhadracharya attributes to the work not being included in printed editions of collected works of Tulsidas.[2] Indubhushan Ramayani authored the first brief commentary on Hanuman Chalisa.[2] Rambhadracharya's Mahaviri commentary in Hindi, authored in 1983,[2] was called the best commentary on Hanuman Chalisa by Rama Chandra Prasad.[36]

In popular culture

The Hanuman Chalisa is recited by millions of Hindus every day,[9] and most practising Hindus in India know its text by heart.[37] The work is known to be popular among people from diverse educational, social, linguistic, musical, and geographical groups.[37]

Classical and folk music

The Hanuman Chalisa is one of the best selling Hindu religious books and has been sung by many popular bhajan, classical and folk singers.[37] The rendition of Hanuman Chalisa by Hari Om Sharan, originally released in 1974 by the Gramophone Company of India and re-released in 1995 by Super Cassettes Industries,[38] is one of the most popular, and is regularly played at temples and homes across Northern India.[37][39] This rendition is based on traditional melodies in the Mishra Khamaj, a raga belonging to the Khamaj That,[38] with the base note taken at the second black key (kali do) of the harmonium.[38] A recording based on the same traditional melodies was released in 1992 by Super Cassettes Industries, with Hariharan as the singer and Gulshan Kumar as the artiste.[38]

Other notable renditions include those by bhajan singers Anup Jalota and Ravindra Jain, Hindustani vocalists Pandit Jasraj and Rajan and Sajan Mishra, and the Carnatic vocalist M.S. Subbulakshmi.[38] The renditions by Unni Krishnan, Nithyasree Mahadevan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, Ganapathi Sachchidananda Swamiji and Morari Bapu are also popular.[40]

Among western singers Krishna Das has performed the Hanuman Chalisa in both slow and fast formats.[41]

Popular movies

In the Hindi movie 1920 (directed by Vikram Bhatt), Hanuman Chalisa is frequently used in different scenes. One of the scenes show the protagonist Arjun Singh Rathod (played by Rajneesh Duggal), reciting the Hanuman Chalisa in full. It is used in an important sequence in Bajrangi Bhaijaan, when the protagonist fights back against child traffickers and rescues a little girl from them.[42]

An animation movie named Shri Hanuman Chalisa directed by Charuvi Agarwal and designed by Charuvi Design Labs is a film on Hanuman.[43][44]

Popular music

Popular singers who have sung the Hanuman Chalisa include Carnatic singer M. S. Subbulakshmi, as well as Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Shankar Mahadevan, Anuradha Paudwal, Kailash Kher, Sukhwinder Singh, and Udit Narayan.[37]

The Hanuman Chalisa was sung by Amitabh Bachchan in chorus with twenty other singers.[37] This recording was released as a part of the Shri Hanuman Chalisa album in 2011 and received an unprecedented response by the releasing music label during November 2011.[45]

A rendition of Hanuman Chalisa sung by Gulshan Kumar and Hariharan became the first and only one devotional song and first on YouTube to cross 3 billion views in November 2022. It is also currently the most viewed Indian music video on YouTube.[46]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xviii.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 1–8. Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ "Hanuman Chalisa in digital version". The Hindu Business Line. 26 February 2003. Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  4. ↑ "किसने लिखी थी हनुमान चालीसा, जिसके बारे में कही जाती हैं कई बातें". News18 India. 9 April 2020. Archived from the original on 4 May 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  5. ↑ "Book Review / Language Books : Epic of Tulasidas". The Hindu. 3 January 2006. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  6. ↑ "Lineage shows". The Hindu. 29 November 2002. Archived from the original on 3 January 2004. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Peebles 1986, p. 100
  8. ↑ Peebles 1986, p. 99
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Karan Singh, in Nityanand Misra 2015, p. xvi.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 de Bruyn 2010, p. 471
  11. ↑ Lutgendorf 2007, p. 293.
  12. ↑ Prasad 2008, p. 857, quoting Mata Prasad Gupta: Although he paid occasional visits to several places of pilgrimage associated with Rama, his permanent residence was in Kashi.
  13. ↑ Callewaert 2000, p. 90
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Handoo 1964, p. 128: ... this book ... is also a drama, because Goswami Tulasidasa started his Ram Lila on the basis of this book, which even now is performed in the same manner everywhere.
  15. ↑ Prasad 2008, p. xii: He is not only the supreme poet, but the unofficial poet-laureate of India.
  16. ↑ Prasad 2008, p. xix: Of Tulsidas's place among the major Indian poets there can be no question: he is as sublime as Valmiki and as elegant as Kalidasa in his handling of the theme.
  17. ↑ Jones 2007, p. 456
  18. ↑ Sahni 2000, pp. 78–80
  19. ↑ Lutgendorf 1991, p. 11: ... – scores of lines from the Rāmcaritmānas have entered folk speech as proverbs – ...
  20. ↑ Mitra 2002, p. 216
  21. ↑ Subramanian 2008, p. inside cover
  22. ↑ Mehta 2007, p. xxv
  23. ↑ Mehta 2007, p. xxvii
  24. ↑ Mehta 2007, p. xxxi
  25. ↑ Mehta 2007, p. xxxvix
  26. ↑ Orlando O. Espín, James B. Nickoloff An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies. 2007, page 537
  27. ↑ Rosen, Steven. Essential Hinduism. 2006, page 67-8
  28. ↑ Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 11–14 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 46–47 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine, 48–49 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Rao 2009, pp. 393–397
  31. ↑ Mehta 2007, p. xv
  32. ↑ Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 56–57 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ↑ Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 78–79 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  34. ↑ Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 81–82 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ↑ Rambhadradas 1984, pp. 83–84 Archived 3 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ↑ Prasad, Ram Chandra (1999) [First published 1991]. Sri Ramacaritamanasa The Holy Lake of the Acts of Rama (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0443-2. Retrieved 7 June 2013. श्रीहनुमानचालीसा की सर्वश्रेष्ठ व्याख्या के लिए देखें महावीरी व्याख्या, जिसके लेखक हैं प्रज्ञाचक्षु आचार्य श्रीरामभद्रदासजी। श्रीहनुमानचालीसा के प्रस्तुत भाष्य का आधार श्रीरामभद्रदासजी की ही वैदुष्यमंडित टीका है। इसके लिए मैं आचार्यप्रवर का ऋणी हूँ। [For the best explanation of Śrīhanumānacālīsā, refer the Mahāvīrī commentary, whose author is the visually-disabled Ācārya Śrīrāmabhadradāsa. The base for the commentary on Śrīhanumānacālīsā being presented is the commentary by Śrīrāmabhadradāsa, which is adorned with erudition. For this, I am indebted to the eminent Ācārya.]
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 37.5 Nityanand Misra 2015, pp. xvii–xxi.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 Nityanand Misra 2015, pp. 199–212.
  39. ↑ Manuel, Peter (1993). Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India – Chicago Studies in Ethnomusicology (2, illustrated ed.). University of Chicago Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-226-50401-8.
  40. ↑ Kats, Local (11 May 2023). "Hanuman". localkats.com. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  41. ↑ "Ep. 27 | Spiritual Experiences, Auschwitz and Bernie Glassman". 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  42. ↑ "Bajrangi Bhaijaan Plot Summary – Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 1 March 2023. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
  43. ↑ "Charuvi Design Labs release The Second official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"". Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  44. ↑ "Charuvi Design Labs release The first official teaser for "Shri Hanuman Chalisa"". Archived from the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  45. ↑ "All in praise of the Almighty". The Times of India. 6 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
  46. ↑ "Hanuman Chalisa by Gulshan Kumar crosses 3 billion views on YouTube, another World record made by T-series". Infotonline. 27 May 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 27 May 2020.

Bibliography

  • de Bruyn, Pippa; Bain, Keith; Allardice, David; Joshi, Shonar (2010). Frommer's India. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-470-60264-5.
  • Callewaert, Winand M.; Schilder, Robert (2000). Banaras: Vision of a Living Ancient Tradition. New Delhi, India: Hemkunt Press. p. 90. ISBN 9788170103028.
  • Chaturvedi, B.K. (1994b). Shri Hanuman Chalisa (Roman). New Delhi: Diamond Pocket Books. ISBN 81-7182-395-5.
  • Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 456. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. It can be said without reservation that Tulsidas is the greatest poet to write in the Hindi language. Tulsidas was a Brahmin by birth and was believed to be a reincarnation of the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana, Valmiki.
  • Mehta, Pt. Vijay Shankar (2007). Kripa Karahu Guru Dev Ki Naain (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Radhakrishnan Prakashan. p. 9. ISBN 978-81-8361-041-4.
  • Misra, Munindra (2015). Shri Hanuman Chalisa in English Rhyme with original text. United States: Osmora Inc. ISBN 9782765913702.
  • Misra, Nityanand (2015). Mahāvīrī: Hanumān-Cālīsā Demystified. Mumbai, India: Niraamaya Publishing Services Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9788193114407.
  • Mitra, Swati (2002). Good Earth Varanasi City Guide. New Delhi, India: Eicher Goodearth Limited. p. 216. ISBN 9788187780045.
  • Peebles, Patrick (1986). Voices of South Asia: Essential Readings from Antiquity to the Present. United States: M.E. Sharpe Inc. p. 216. ISBN 978-0-7656-3480-1.
  • Rambhadradas (8 June 1984). संकट तें हनुमान छुड़ावै। मन क्रम बचन ध्यान जो लावै [Shri Hanuman Chalisa (with the Mahaviri commentary)]. Jagadgururambhadracharya.org (in हिन्दी). New Delhi, India: Krishnadas Charitable Trust. Archived from the original on 17 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  • Rao, Cheeni (2009). In Hanuman's Hands: A Memoir (First ed.). United States: Harper Collins Publishers. p. 393. ISBN 978-0-06-073662-0.
  • Sahni, Bhisham (2000). Nilu, Nilima, Nilofara (in हिन्दी). New Delhi, India: Rajkamal Prakashan Pvt Ltd. pp. 78–80. ISBN 9788171789603. हिन्दी का सौभाग्य है कि उसके काव्यकुंज की तुलसी-मंजरी की जैसी सुगंध संसार की साहित्य वाटिका में शायद कहीं नहीं। ... आकर्षण दोनों में अत्यधिक है अपने-अपने ढंग पर दोनों ही बहुत बड़े हैं, पर फिर भी सब तरफ़ से केवल काव्य के सौंदर्य पर विचार करने पर तुलसीदास ही बड़े ठहरते हैं – भाषा साहित्य में रवीन्द्रनाथ के संबंध में कहना पड़ता है कि भ्रम त्रुटियाँ मिल सकती हैं पर तुलसीदास के संबंध में कोई शायद ही मिले। ... और यही कारण है निराला जी तुलसीदास को कालिदास, व्यास, वाल्मीकि, होमर, गेटे और शेक्सपियर के समकक्ष रखकर उनके महत्त्व का आकलन करते हैं।
  • Subramanian, Vadakaymadam Krishnier (2008). Hymns of Tulsidas. New Delhi, India: Abhinav Publications. p. inside cover. ISBN 9788170174967. Famous classical singers like Paluskar, Anoop Jalota and MS Subbulakshmi have popularised Tulsidas's hymns among the people of India.
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