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{{Short description|Indian communist politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
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{{Infobox person
{{Infobox officeholder
| name        = Kanu Sanyal
| name        = Kanu Sanyal
| image      = Kanusanyal.JPG
| image      =  
| image_size        =220px
| alt        = Kanu Sanyal
| alt        = Kanu Sanyal
| caption    = Kanu Sanyal
| caption    = Kanu Sanyal
| birth_name  = Krishna Kumar Sanyal
| birth_name  = Krishna Kumar Sanyal
| birth_date  = {{birth year|1932}}
| birth_date  = {{birth date|1928|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place =  
| birth_place =  
| death_date  = {{death date and age|2010|03|23|1932|df=y}}
| death_date  = {{death date and age|2010|03|23|1932|df=y}}
| death_place =  
| death_place =  
| death_cause = Suicide
| death_cause = Suicide
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle]] <br/>[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]]<br/>[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]<br/>[[Communist Party of India]]
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle|Class Struggle Group]]<br />[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPIML]]<small>(1969-1972)</small>
| nationality = [[India]]n
| nationality = [[India]]n
| other_names =  
| other_names =  
| known_for  = Leader of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPI (ML)]]
| known_for  = [[Naxalism]]
| occupation  =  
| occupation  =  
| criminal_charge    =  Criminal Conspiracy
| criminal_charge    =  Criminal Conspiracy
| criminal_penalty  = Jailed (1970-1977)
| criminal_penalty  = Jailed (1970-1977)
| criminal_status    =  
| criminal_status    =  
| office2            = [[Politburo]] Member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPIML]]
| termstart2        = 1969
| termend2        = 1971
| office1        = General Secretary of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Class Struggle|CPIML Class Struggle]]
| termstart1      = 2004
| termend1        = 2009
| office3        = [[Darjeeling district]] committee member of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPIM]]
| termstart3      = 1965
| termend3        = 1967
}}
}}


'''Kanu Sanyal''', (1932<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100324/jsp/siliguri/story_12254481.jsp|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=India|title=Naxalbari movement founder kills self|date=24 March 2010|first=Avijit|last=Sinha|accessdate=26 June 2018}}</ref> &ndash; 23 March 2010)<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite journal|jstor=2642225|title=India's Third Communist Party|first=Marcus F.|last=Franda|date=1 January 1969|journal=Asian Survey|volume=9|issue=11|pages=797–817|doi=10.2307/2642225}}</ref> was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the [[Naxalbari uprising]] and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPI (ML)]]).<ref>[http://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI(ML)-Orig/index.htm]</ref> Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.<ref name="Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal commits suicide">{{cite news|title=Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal commits suicide|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/23/top-naxal-leader-kanu-sanyal-commits-suicide.htm|accessdate=14 August 2012|newspaper=Rediff news|date=23 March 2010<!-- 20:57 IST-->}}</ref>
'''Kanu Sanyal''' (1932<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100324/jsp/siliguri/story_12254481.jsp|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=India|title=Naxalbari movement founder kills self|date=24 March 2010|first=Avijit|last=Sinha|accessdate=26 June 2018}}</ref> &ndash; 23 March 2010)<ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite journal|jstor=2642225|title=India's Third Communist Party|first=Marcus F.|last=Franda|date=1 January 1969|journal=Asian Survey|volume=9|issue=11|pages=797–817|doi=10.2307/2642225}}</ref> was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the [[Naxalbari uprising]] and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)]] ([[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)|CPI (ML)]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bannedthought.net/India/CPI(ML)-Orig/index.htm|title=CPI(M-L) &#91;original party formed in 1967&#93;}}</ref> Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.<ref name="Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal commits suicide">{{cite news|title=Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal commits suicide|url=http://news.rediff.com/report/2010/mar/23/top-naxal-leader-kanu-sanyal-commits-suicide.htm|accessdate=14 August 2012|newspaper=Rediff news|date=23 March 2010<!-- 20:57 IST-->}}</ref>


==Formation and growth of CPI (ML)==
==Formation and growth of CPI (ML)==
Kanu Sanyal joined Communist politics, first as a member of CPI then CPI(M). He announced the formation of the original CPI (ML) on [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday in 1969 at a public rally in [[Calcutta]]. He came out with the seminal [[Terai report]] on revolution in India, which openly denounced the anarco-nihilist policies of [[Charu Majumdar]] and his loyalists.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}
Kanu Sanyal joined communist politics, first as a member of CPI then CPI(M). He announced the formation of the original CPI (ML) on [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s birthday in 1969 at a public rally in [[Calcutta]]. He came out with the seminal [[Terai report]] on revolution in India, which openly denounced the anarcho-nihilist policies of [[Charu Majumdar]] and his loyalists.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}}


After the failure of the [[Naxalite]] uprising, Sanyal went into hiding. The death of his colleague [[Charu Majumdar]] was followed by the breakup of the Naxalite movement, and Sanyal was claimed to have abandoned violent means and accepted parliamentary practice as a form of revolutionary activity.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061017003722/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm]</ref>
After the failure of the [[Naxalite]] uprising, Sanyal went into hiding. The death of his colleague [[Charu Majumdar]] was followed by the breakup of the Naxalite movement, and Sanyal is claimed to have abandoned violent means and accepted parliamentary practices as a form of revolutionary activity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm |title=The road from Naxalbari |website=www.flonnet.com |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017003722/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm |archive-date=17 October 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Arrest and jail==
==Arrest and jail==
He was eventually cornered and arrested in August 1970. News of his arrest sparked of region-wide violence by the radical communists. CPI(ML) cadres destroyed property, raided and attacked educational institutions, and engaged in rioting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/131-3-77.shtml|title=Naxalites on Hard Times<!-- Bot generated title -->|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219135653/http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/131-3-77.shtml|archivedate=2008-02-19}}</ref>
He was eventually cornered and arrested in August 1970. News of his arrest sparked region-wide violence by radical communists. CPI(ML) cadres destroyed property, raided and attacked educational institutions, and engaged in rioting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/131-3-77.shtml|title=Naxalites on Hard Times<!-- Bot generated title -->|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219135653/http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/300/8/3/text/131-3-77.shtml|archivedate=2008-02-19}}</ref>


For seven years Sanyal was imprisoned in a jail in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in the case known as the [[Parvatipuram Naxalite Conspiracy case]]. He was convicted in the Parvatipuram Conspiracy Case, by the Sessions Judge.
For seven years Sanyal was imprisoned in a jail in [[Visakhapatnam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] in a case known as the [[Parvatipuram Naxalite Conspiracy]]. He was convicted by a sessions court.


== Release and renewed political engagement ==
== Release and renewed political engagement ==
Sanyal was released from jail in 1977, following the shift of government in India as well as in West Bengal. [[Jyoti Basu]], the new CPI(M) chief minister, personally intervened to ensure Sanyal's release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pd.cpim.org/2004/0704/07042004_interview%20bb.htm|title=Bengal Left Front Govt Steps Into 28th Year|publisher=|access-date=5 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301202849/http://pd.cpim.org/2004/0704/07042004_interview%20bb.htm|archive-date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> By the time of his release, Sanyal had publicly condemned the original strategy of the armed struggle of the CPI(ML), without building prior and proper popular mass base amongst the common people.<ref>[http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm The road from Naxalbari<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017003722/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm |date=2006-10-17 }}</ref>
Sanyal was released from jail in 1977, following a change in government in New Delhi as well as in West Bengal. [[Jyoti Basu]], the new CPI(M) chief minister, personally intervened to ensure Sanyal's release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pd.cpim.org/2004/0704/07042004_interview%20bb.htm|title=Bengal Left Front Govt Steps Into 28th Year|publisher=|access-date=5 February 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301202849/http://pd.cpim.org/2004/0704/07042004_interview%20bb.htm|archive-date=1 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> By the time of his release, Sanyal had publicly condemned the original strategy of the armed struggle of the CPI(ML).<ref>[http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm The road from Naxalbari<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017003722/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2221/stories/20051021008801000.htm |date=2006-10-17 }}</ref>


After his release, Sanyal rallied his supporters and formed the [[Organising Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (OCCR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm |title=Naxalism today|publisher=}}</ref> He continued to attended CPIM all-party meetings till the end of his life.
After his release, Sanyal rallied his supporters and formed the [[Organising Committee of Communist Revolutionaries]] (OCCR).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cpim.org/marxist/198501_marxist_naxalism_Prakash.htm |title=Naxalism today|publisher=}}</ref> He continued to attended CPI(M) all-party meetings until his death.


In 1985, Sanyal's faction, along with five other groups, merged to form the [[Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist)]], and Sanyal was appointed leader of the COI(ML).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.massline.info/India/Indian_Groups.htm|title=Maoist Revolutionary parties and organizations in India|first=Scott|last=H.|publisher=}}</ref>
In 1985, Sanyal's faction, along with five other groups, merged to form the [[Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist)]], and Sanyal was appointed leader of the CPI(ML).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.massline.info/India/Indian_Groups.htm|title=Maoist Revolutionary parties and organizations in India|first=Scott|last=H.|publisher=}}</ref>


==Later years==
==Later years==
In his later years, Sanyal continued his broad engagement in [[political activism]], including the [[Trade unions in India|labour movement]] and [[Land acquisition in India|land rights]]. For these activities he was arrested and detained several times.
In his later years, Sanyal continued his broad engagement in [[political activism]], including the [[Trade unions in India|labour movement]] and [[Land acquisition in India|land rights]]. For these activities he was arrested and detained several times.


On 18 January 2006, while protesting against a [[Lockout (industry)|lockout]] of tea garden workers in the region, Sanyal and other fellow agitators were arrested for causing a train to be held up at the New Jalpaiguri Railway Station in [[Siliguri]], [[North Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nchro.org/index.php/2006/01/18/kanu-sanyal-arrested-for-rail-roko/|title=Kanu Sanyal arrested for "rail roko"|publisher=[[NCHRO]]|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/kanu-sanyal-arrested-for-rail-roko/article3241868.ece|title=Kanu Sanyal arrested for ''rail roko''|date=18 January 2006|publisher=}}</ref>
On 18 January 2006, while protesting against a [[Lockout (industry)|lockout]] of tea garden workers in the region, Sanyal and other fellow agitators were arrested for causing a train to be held up at the New Jalpaiguri Railway Station in [[Siliguri]], [[North Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nchro.org/index.php/2006/01/18/kanu-sanyal-arrested-for-rail-roko/|title=Kanu Sanyal arrested for "rail roko"|publisher=[[NCHRO]]|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/kanu-sanyal-arrested-for-rail-roko/article3241868.ece|title=Kanu Sanyal arrested for ''rail roko''|website=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 January 2006|publisher=}}</ref>


As of late 2006, Sanyal became a prominent figure in the opposition to land acquisition in [[Singur]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} On 8 December he was arrested and detained along with three other Naxalite leaders, after the police stopped and charged a demonstration procession.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061209/nation.htm#1%5D,|title=Buddha invites Mamata for talks. Police lathi charges mediapersons, seven hurt|newspaper=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation|date=9 December 2006|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref>
By late 2006, Sanyal had become a prominent figure in the opposition to land acquisition in [[Singur]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} On 8 December, he was arrested and detained along with three other Naxalite leaders after the police stopped and charged a demonstration.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061209/nation.htm#1%5D,|title=Buddha invites Mamata for talks. Police lathi charges mediapersons, seven hurt|newspaper=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation|date=9 December 2006|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref>


==Death==
==Death==
On 23 Mar 2010, he was found [[hanging]] at his residence at Seftullajote village, 25&nbsp;km Siliguri (West Bengal) from where Naxal Movement began under his leadership. Sanyal was suffering from old-age related cardio pulmonary ailments. At the time of his death he was the general secretary of a [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|new CPI(ML)]], formed by merger of several splinter groups of the original party.<ref>{{cite news|author=Saugata Roy, TNN 23 Mar 2010, 04.20pm IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-23/india/28145460_1_kanu-sanyal-top-naxal-leader-charu-majumdar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051749/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-23/india/28145460_1_kanu-sanyal-top-naxal-leader-charu-majumdar |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal found dead in his house |date= 23 March 2010|work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2012-08-14}}</ref>
On 23 March 2010, he was found [[hanging]] at his residence at Seftullajote village, 25&nbsp;km from Siliguri (West Bengal), where the Naxal movement had begun under his leadership. Sanyal was suffering from old-age related cardio-pulmonary ailments. At the time of his death, he was the General Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Kanu Sanyal)|new CPI(ML)]], formed by a merger of several splinter groups of the original party.<ref>{{cite news|author=Saugata Roy, TNN 23 Mar 2010, 04.20pm IST |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-23/india/28145460_1_kanu-sanyal-top-naxal-leader-charu-majumdar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811051749/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-23/india/28145460_1_kanu-sanyal-top-naxal-leader-charu-majumdar |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal found dead in his house |date= 23 March 2010|work=[[The Times of India]] |accessdate=2012-08-14}}</ref>


==Popular culture==
==Popular culture==

Latest revision as of 09:22, 29 November 2022


Kanu Sanyal
General Secretary of CPIML Class Struggle
In office
2004–2009
Politburo Member of CPIML
In office
1969–1971
Darjeeling district committee member of CPIM
In office
1965–1967
Personal details
Born
Krishna Kumar Sanyal

(1928-01-01)1 January 1928
Died23 March 2010(2010-03-23) (aged 77–78)
Cause of deathSuicide
NationalityIndian
Political partyClass Struggle Group
CPIML(1969-1972)
Known forNaxalism

Kanu Sanyal (1932[1] – 23 March 2010)[2] was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the Naxalbari uprising and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (CPI (ML)).[3] Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.[4]

Formation and growth of CPI (ML)[edit]

Kanu Sanyal joined communist politics, first as a member of CPI then CPI(M). He announced the formation of the original CPI (ML) on Vladimir Lenin's birthday in 1969 at a public rally in Calcutta. He came out with the seminal Terai report on revolution in India, which openly denounced the anarcho-nihilist policies of Charu Majumdar and his loyalists.[citation needed]

After the failure of the Naxalite uprising, Sanyal went into hiding. The death of his colleague Charu Majumdar was followed by the breakup of the Naxalite movement, and Sanyal is claimed to have abandoned violent means and accepted parliamentary practices as a form of revolutionary activity.[5]

Arrest and jail[edit]

He was eventually cornered and arrested in August 1970. News of his arrest sparked region-wide violence by radical communists. CPI(ML) cadres destroyed property, raided and attacked educational institutions, and engaged in rioting.[6]

For seven years Sanyal was imprisoned in a jail in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh in a case known as the Parvatipuram Naxalite Conspiracy. He was convicted by a sessions court.

Release and renewed political engagement[edit]

Sanyal was released from jail in 1977, following a change in government in New Delhi as well as in West Bengal. Jyoti Basu, the new CPI(M) chief minister, personally intervened to ensure Sanyal's release.[7] By the time of his release, Sanyal had publicly condemned the original strategy of the armed struggle of the CPI(ML).[8]

After his release, Sanyal rallied his supporters and formed the Organising Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (OCCR).[9] He continued to attended CPI(M) all-party meetings until his death.

In 1985, Sanyal's faction, along with five other groups, merged to form the Communist Organisation of India (Marxist-Leninist), and Sanyal was appointed leader of the CPI(ML).[10]

Later years[edit]

In his later years, Sanyal continued his broad engagement in political activism, including the labour movement and land rights. For these activities he was arrested and detained several times.

On 18 January 2006, while protesting against a lockout of tea garden workers in the region, Sanyal and other fellow agitators were arrested for causing a train to be held up at the New Jalpaiguri Railway Station in Siliguri, North Bengal.[11][12]

By late 2006, Sanyal had become a prominent figure in the opposition to land acquisition in Singur.[citation needed] On 8 December, he was arrested and detained along with three other Naxalite leaders after the police stopped and charged a demonstration.[13]

Death[edit]

On 23 March 2010, he was found hanging at his residence at Seftullajote village, 25 km from Siliguri (West Bengal), where the Naxal movement had begun under his leadership. Sanyal was suffering from old-age related cardio-pulmonary ailments. At the time of his death, he was the General Secretary of the new CPI(ML), formed by a merger of several splinter groups of the original party.[14]

Popular culture[edit]

Sanyal, as well as the Naxalite movement, was referenced in Jhumpa Lahiri's 2013 novel The Lowland.[15]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Sinha, Avijit (24 March 2010). "Naxalbari movement founder kills self". The Telegraph. India. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  2. ↑ Franda, Marcus F. (1 January 1969). "India's Third Communist Party". Asian Survey. 9 (11): 797–817. doi:10.2307/2642225. JSTOR 2642225.
  3. ↑ "CPI(M-L) [original party formed in 1967]".
  4. ↑ "Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal commits suicide". Rediff news. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  5. ↑ "The road from Naxalbari". www.flonnet.com. Archived from the original on 17 October 2006. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "Naxalites on Hard Times". Archived from the original on 19 February 2008.
  7. ↑ "Bengal Left Front Govt Steps Into 28th Year". Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
  8. ↑ The road from Naxalbari Archived 2006-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ "Naxalism today".
  10. ↑ H., Scott. "Maoist Revolutionary parties and organizations in India".
  11. ↑ "Kanu Sanyal arrested for "rail roko"". NCHRO. 16 January 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  12. ↑ "Kanu Sanyal arrested for rail roko". The Hindu. 18 January 2006.
  13. ↑ "Buddha invites Mamata for talks. Police lathi charges mediapersons, seven hurt". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation. 9 December 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  14. ↑ Saugata Roy, TNN 23 Mar 2010, 04.20pm IST (23 March 2010). "Top Naxal leader Kanu Sanyal found dead in his house". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. ↑ Anita Felicelli (9 October 2013). "'The Moment' in Jhumpa Lahiri's 'The Lowland'". Los Angeles Review of Books.

External links[edit]

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