Mahendra Nath Mulla: Difference between revisions

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m The change reflects the ethos around why Captains go down with their ships and why Captain Mulla of the Khukri chose to do so. The included reference refers to a published article in Salute Magazine by Ameeta Wattal Mulla the daughter of Captain Mulla asking 'why' along with a professional reply from a retired Naval Officer who commanded three warships in the Indian Navy who explains the underlying logic and burden of command under duress faced by Captain Mulla that fateful night.
 
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{{short description|Indian Navy officer}}
{{short description|Indian Navy officer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2012}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
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| caption = Mulla on a 2000 stamp of India
| caption = Mulla on a 2000 stamp of India
| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|5|15}}
| birth_date    = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|5|15}}
| birth_place    = [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| birth_place    = [[Gorakhpur]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]<br>{{small|(Present-day [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]])}}
| death_date    = {{death date and age|df=yes|1971|12|9|1926|6|15}}
| death_date    = {{death date and age|df=yes|1971|12|9|1926|6|15}}
| death_place    = [[Arabian Sea]], near [[Diu Head|Diu]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
| death_place    = [[Arabian Sea]], near [[Diu Head|Diu]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
Line 24: Line 24:


==Early life==
==Early life==
Mulla was born on 15 May 1926 in a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] family in [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] to T. N. Mulla in a family well-known in [[Allahabad]] judicial circles.<ref name="PIB 1971">{{cite web |title=Captain MN Mulla, Indian Navy |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-SEPT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1971-12-18_343.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=18 December 1971}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sinking Of INS Khukri |url=http://mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=941 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307210901/http://mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=941 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2016 |website=Mangalorean.com |author=Ramesh Lalwani |date=2 March 2007 |accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cardozo |first1=Major General Ian |title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-099-9 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Sinking_of_INS_Khukri/xvs_CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mahendra+Nath+Mulla+kashmiri&pg=PT104&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> He joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] as a cadet in January 1946 and underwent training in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="PIB 1971" />
Mulla was born on 15 May 1926 in a [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]] family in [[Gorakhpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] to T. N. Mulla in a family well-known in [[Allahabad]] judicial circles.<ref name="PIB 1971">{{cite web |title=Captain MN Mulla, Indian Navy |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/DEFENCE/1971-SEPT-DEC-MIN-OF-DEFENCE/PDF/DEF-1971-12-18_343.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=18 December 1971}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sinking Of INS Khukri |url=http://mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=941 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307210901/http://mangalorean.com/browsearticles.php?arttype=Feature&articleid=941 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 March 2016 |website=Mangalorean.com |author=Ramesh Lalwani |date=2 March 2007 |accessdate=3 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Cardozo |first1=Major General Ian |title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories |date=December 2006 |publisher=Roli Books Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5194-099-9 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Sinking_of_INS_Khukri/xvs_CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Mahendra+Nath+Mulla+kashmiri&pg=PT104&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> He joined the [[Royal Indian Navy]] as a cadet in January 1946 and underwent training in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="PIB 1971" />


==Military career==
==Military career==
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Date of Award: 09 Dec 1971
Date of Award: 09 Dec 1971


<center>'''CITATION'''<br>
{{center|'''CITATION'''<br>
'''CAPTAIN MAHENDRA NATH MULLA'''</center>
'''CAPTAIN MAHENDRA NATH MULLA'''}}


Two ships of the Indian Navy under the command of Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, Senior Officer of a Frigate Squadron were assigned the task of locating and destroying a Pakistan Submarine in the North Arabian Sea. During these operations on the night of 9th December, 1971, in ship KHUKRI was hit by torpedoes fired by an enemy submarine and sank. Having decided to abandon ship, Captain Mulla without regard to his own personal safety supervised the arrangements for the rescue of his ship’s company in a very cool, calm and methodical manner. Even at a later stage whilst the ship was sinking, Captain Mulla showed presence of mind and continued to direct rescue operations and refused to save himself by giving his own life saving gear to a sailor. Having directed as many of his men as possible to leave the ship, Captain Mulla went back to the bridge to see what further rescue operations could he performed. In doing so, Captain Mulla was last seen going down with his ship. His action and behavior and the example he set, has been in keeping with the highest traditions of the service. Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla has displayed conspicuous gallantry and dedication.|sign=|source=}}
Two ships of the Indian Navy under the command of Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, Senior Officer of a Frigate Squadron were assigned the task of locating and destroying a Pakistan Submarine in the North Arabian Sea. During these operations on the night of 9th December, 1971, in ship KHUKRI was hit by torpedoes fired by an enemy submarine and sank. Having decided to abandon ship, Captain Mulla without regard to his own personal safety supervised the arrangements for the rescue of his ship’s company in a very cool, calm and methodical manner. Even at a later stage whilst the ship was sinking, Captain Mulla showed presence of mind and continued to direct rescue operations and refused to save himself by giving his own life saving gear to a sailor. Having directed as many of his men as possible to leave the ship, Captain Mulla went back to the bridge to see what further rescue operations could he performed. In doing so, Captain Mulla was last seen going down with his ship. His action and behavior and the example he set, has been in keeping with the highest traditions of the service. Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla has displayed conspicuous gallantry and dedication.|sign=|source=}}
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Mulla was regarded among the finest seamen in the Navy and  highly-intelligent officer.<ref name="PIB 1971" /> On 28 January 2000, the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] released a [[List of postage stamps of India (2000–04)|commemorative postage stamp]] issued by [[India Post]] paying tribute to Mulla.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRIME MiNISTER RELEASES COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMPS ON GALLANTRY AWARDS WINNERS |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/COMMUNICATION/2000-JAN-JUNE-COMUNICATIONS/COM-2000-01-28_027.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=28 January 2000}}</ref>
Mulla was regarded among the finest seamen in the Navy and  highly-intelligent officer.<ref name="PIB 1971" /> On 28 January 2000, the [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] released a [[List of postage stamps of India (2000–04)|commemorative postage stamp]] issued by [[India Post]] paying tribute to Mulla.<ref>{{cite web |title=PRIME MiNISTER RELEASES COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMPS ON GALLANTRY AWARDS WINNERS |url=http://pibarchive.nic.in/archive/ArchiveSecondPhase/COMMUNICATION/2000-JAN-JUNE-COMUNICATIONS/COM-2000-01-28_027.pdf |website=pibarchive.nic.in |date=28 January 2000}}</ref>


A memorial for the tribute to Mulla and other martyred sailors exists at Diu {{coord|20|42|10|N|70|58|37|E}}. The memorial constitutes a full-scale model of INS ''Khukri'' encased in a glass house, placed on a hillock facing the sea. The Captain M. N. Mulla Auditorium, at [[Navy Nagar]], [[Colaba]] in [[Mumbai]], is named after him. A bust of Capt. Mulla stands in the foyer. The then [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Madhvendra Singh]] inaugurated the auditorium.<ref>{{cite web |title=A hero for generations of Indian navy - Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla |url=https://www.aviation-defence-universe.com/a-hero-for-generations-of-indian-navy/ |website=www.aviation-defence-universe.com}}</ref>
A memorial for the tribute to Mulla and other martyred sailors exists at Diu {{coord|20|42|10|N|70|58|37|E}}. The memorial constitutes a full-scale model of INS ''Khukri'' encased in a glass house, placed on a hillock facing the sea. The Captain M. N. Mulla Auditorium, at [[Navy Nagar]], [[Colaba]] in [[Mumbai]], is named after him. A bust of Capt. Mulla stands in the foyer. The then [[Chief of the Naval Staff (India)|Chief of the Naval Staff]] [[Admiral (India)|Admiral]] [[Madhvendra Singh]] inaugurated the auditorium.<ref>{{cite web |title=A hero for generations of Indian navy - Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla |url=https://www.aviation-defence-universe.com/a-hero-for-generations-of-indian-navy/ |website=www.aviation-defence-universe.com|date=14 August 2021 }}</ref>
 
In Selection Centre South (SCS), [[Bangalore|Banglore]], there is a hall named Capt.([[Indian Navy|IN]]) MN Mulla Hall after Capt. MN Mulla, [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2017 |title=Indian Navy Spokeperson Tweet |work=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/indiannavy/status/942731284090011649?lang=en}}</ref>


An auditorium at the DSSC Wellington is also named after him.{{cn|date=April 2021}}
An auditorium at the DSSC Wellington is also named after him.{{cn|date=April 2021}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|refs=https://salute.co.in/ins-khukri-why-they-chose-to-go-down-with-the-ship/}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
* {{cite web |last1=Wattal |first1=Ameeta Mulla |date=6 July 2018 |title=INS Khukri: Why My Father, Chose To Go Down With The Ship |work=Salute |url=https://salute.co.in/ins-khukri-why-they-chose-to-go-down-with-the-ship/}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Latest revision as of 06:21, 15 December 2022


Captain

M N Mulla

MVC
Mulla on a 2000 stamp of India
Born(1926-05-15)15 May 1926
Gorakhpur, United Provinces, British India
(Present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died9 December 1971(1971-12-09) (aged 45)
Arabian Sea, near Diu, Gujarat, India
Allegiance India
Service/branch Indian Navy
Years of service1948–1971
Rank Captain
Commands heldINS Khukri
Battles/warsIndo-Pakistani War of 1971
AwardsMaha Vir Chakra (posthumous)

Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, MVC (15 May 1926 – 9 December 1971) was an officer of the Indian Navy. As the Commanding Officer of INS Khukri, he chose to go down with his ship when his ship was sunk during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.

Early life[edit | edit source]

Mulla was born on 15 May 1926 in a Kashmiri family in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh to T. N. Mulla in a family well-known in Allahabad judicial circles.[1][2][3] He joined the Royal Indian Navy as a cadet in January 1946 and underwent training in the United Kingdom.[1]

Military career[edit | edit source]

Mulla was commissioned in the Royal Indian Navy on 1 May 1948.[citation needed] He was promoted to Lieutenant Commander on 16 September 1958. In April 1961, he was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington.[4] He was promoted to the rank of Commander on 30 June 1964.[5][6] He served on the Hunt-class destroyer INS Gomati (D93) and the Bathurst-class Minesweeper HMIS Madras (J237). He also served as the executive officer of the Black Swan-class sloop HMIS Kistna (U46) and commanded the R-class destroyer INS Rana (D115).[1]

He served as the Deputy Naval Adviser to the High Commissioner of India to the United Kingdom from 1965 to 1967.[1]

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971[edit | edit source]

During the 1971 War, Mulla was commanding the 14th anti submarine squadron, a task force which formed part of the Western Fleet. The squadron consisted of the INS Khukri (F149), INS Kirpan (F144) and INS Kuthar (F146).[7] The squadron was assigned the task of hunting and destroying enemy submarines in the North Arabian Sea. At 2050 hours on 9 December 1971, his vessel, INS Khukri, was hit by a torpedo fired by an enemy submarine, PNS  Hangor, about 64 kilometres (40 mi) off Diu. He issued orders for the ship to be abandoned because it was sinking.[8] He chose to go down with the ship in the highest traditions of the Indian Navy. Mulla was decorated with the Maha Vir Chakra, the second-highest gallantry award.

The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:[9][10]

Gazette Notification: 18 Pres/72,12-2-72

Operation: 1971 Date of Award: 09 Dec 1971

CITATION
CAPTAIN MAHENDRA NATH MULLA

Two ships of the Indian Navy under the command of Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla, Senior Officer of a Frigate Squadron were assigned the task of locating and destroying a Pakistan Submarine in the North Arabian Sea. During these operations on the night of 9th December, 1971, in ship KHUKRI was hit by torpedoes fired by an enemy submarine and sank. Having decided to abandon ship, Captain Mulla without regard to his own personal safety supervised the arrangements for the rescue of his ship’s company in a very cool, calm and methodical manner. Even at a later stage whilst the ship was sinking, Captain Mulla showed presence of mind and continued to direct rescue operations and refused to save himself by giving his own life saving gear to a sailor. Having directed as many of his men as possible to leave the ship, Captain Mulla went back to the bridge to see what further rescue operations could he performed. In doing so, Captain Mulla was last seen going down with his ship. His action and behavior and the example he set, has been in keeping with the highest traditions of the service. Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla has displayed conspicuous gallantry and dedication.

Legacy[edit | edit source]

Bust of Mulla in Mumbai

Mulla was regarded among the finest seamen in the Navy and highly-intelligent officer.[1] On 28 January 2000, the Prime Minister of India Atal Bihari Vajpayee released a commemorative postage stamp issued by India Post paying tribute to Mulla.[11]

A memorial for the tribute to Mulla and other martyred sailors exists at Diu 20°42′10″N 70°58′37″E / 20.70278°N 70.97694°E / 20.70278; 70.97694. The memorial constitutes a full-scale model of INS Khukri encased in a glass house, placed on a hillock facing the sea. The Captain M. N. Mulla Auditorium, at Navy Nagar, Colaba in Mumbai, is named after him. A bust of Capt. Mulla stands in the foyer. The then Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Madhvendra Singh inaugurated the auditorium.[12]

In Selection Centre South (SCS), Banglore, there is a hall named Capt.(IN) MN Mulla Hall after Capt. MN Mulla, MVC.[13]

An auditorium at the DSSC Wellington is also named after him.[citation needed]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Captain MN Mulla, Indian Navy" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 18 December 1971.
  2. ↑ Ramesh Lalwani (2 March 2007). "Sinking Of INS Khukri". Mangalorean.com. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2019.
  3. ↑ Cardozo, Major General Ian (December 2006). The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories. Roli Books Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5194-099-9.
  4. ↑ "NAVAL OFFICERS SELECTED FOR STAFF COURSE" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 29 April 1961.
  5. ↑ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch)". The Gazette of India. 6 June 1959. p. 137.
  6. ↑ "Part I-Section 4: Ministry of Defence (Navy Branch)". The Gazette of India. 12 September 1964. p. 373.
  7. ↑ Hiranandani, GM (2000). Transition to triumph : history of the Indian Navy, 1965-1975. Director Personnel Services (DPS). ISBN 978-1897829691.
  8. ↑ "Never Forget Our Martyrs". Press Reader. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
  9. ↑ "MN MULLA | Gallantry Awards". gallantryawards.gov.in.
  10. ↑ "Mahavir Chakra (MVC), Awardee: Capt Mahendra Nath Mulla, MVC @ TWDI". twdi.in.
  11. ↑ "PRIME MiNISTER RELEASES COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMPS ON GALLANTRY AWARDS WINNERS" (PDF). pibarchive.nic.in. 28 January 2000.
  12. ↑ "A hero for generations of Indian navy - Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla". www.aviation-defence-universe.com. 14 August 2021.
  13. ↑ "Indian Navy Spokeperson Tweet". Twitter. 18 December 2017.

Further reading[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

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