.svg)
Jaapi: Difference between revisions
(Boro) |
m (robot: Update article (please report if you notice any mistake or error in this edit)) |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| image_size = 300 px | | image_size = 300 px | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = An Assamese Jaapi | ||
| background = | | background = | ||
| names = | | names = | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
[[File:Jaapi.jpg|thumb|Sarudaya jaapi]] | [[File:Jaapi.jpg|thumb|Sarudaya jaapi]] | ||
'''Jaapi''' or '''Japi''' ([[Bodo culture|Bodo]]: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from [[Assam]], [[India]] similar to other [[Asian conical hat]]s is made from tightly woven [[bamboo]] and/or cane and ''tokou paat'' ([[Trachycarpus martianus]]) a large, [[Palm (plant)|palm]] leaf. The word ''jaapi'' derives from ''jaap'' meaning a bundle of ''taku'' leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative ''sorudoi jaapi'' are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving. | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Rice 02.jpg|thumb|[[Rice]] farmer in northern [[Cambodia]] wearing a {{lang|km-Latn|do'un}} similar to Jaapi]] | |||
[[File:Varun Japi.jpg|thumb|This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun (Tupi) Japi known as ''Sula'' used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.]] | |||
The medieval [[Chutia people|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of [[Bodo-Kachari people|Bodo-Kacharis]]) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king [[Suhungmung]] as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523.{{sfn|Khanikar|1991|p=100}}<ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(''Kup-ngiun-kham''),gold bracelets(''Mao-kham''), gold basket(''Liu-kham''), gold ring (''Khup-kham''), gold bookstand (''Khu-tin-kham''), gold pirâ(''Kham-ku''), horse(''Ma''), elephant(''Chang-pai''), and two Âroans(''Phra-nun'') and Xorais(''Phun'') to the Ahom king."]</ref> After annexing [[Sadiya]] in 1524, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.{{sfn|Mahanta|1994|p=10}} In the year 1525, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis obtained from the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the [[Mongkawng]] chief Phukloimung, a [[Shan people|Shan]] state in present [[Upper Myanmar]] (called Nora in [[Buranji]]s) who had attacked Sadiya.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=62}} During the Ahom rule, ''Jaapi-hajiya Khel'' (guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.<ref>"The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them."{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> Apart from this, the [[Baro-Bhuyan]]s of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the ''Satsari Buranji'', the Ahom kings adopted the ''Tongali'', ''Hasoti'' and ''Tokou-patia Japi'' from the Baro-Bhuyans.{{sfn|Bhuyan|1960|p=135}} | |||
The medieval [[Chutia people|Chutia]] kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523 | |||
==Cultural symbol== | ==Cultural symbol== | ||
Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign. | Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of [[Bihu dance]], used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.{{sfn|Handoo|2003|p=46}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Assam_General_Knowledge/reuQbFK9Rz4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jAPI+WORN+Bihu+dance,&pg=PA98&printsec=frontcover|title=Assam General Knowledge|publisher=Bright Publications|isbn=9788171994519|pages=98}}</ref> | ||
Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=অসম অভিধান|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা|publisher=বনলতা|year=2001|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai. | Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kacharis]] having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout [[East Asia]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=অসম অভিধান|last=শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা|publisher=বনলতা|year=2001|pages=১৪৪–১৪৬}}</ref> [[Bishnu Prasad Rabha]] added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from [[Boro people|Bodo]] community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai. | ||
| Line 46: | Line 43: | ||
* Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats. | * Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats. | ||
{{div col end}} | {{div col end}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 58: | Line 54: | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}} | * {{Citation |last=Dutta |first=Sristidhar |title=The Mataks and their Kingdom |publisher=Chugh Publications |place=Allahabad |year=1985}} | ||
* {{citation|last=Khanikar|first=S|title=Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti|year=1991}} | |||
* {{citation|last=Bhuyan|first=Surjya K.|title=Satsari Buranji|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452953/page/n86/mode/1up|year=1960}} | |||
* {{citation|last=Handoo|first=Jawaharlal|title=Folklore in the Changing Times|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Folklore_in_the_Changing_Times/i8VuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&dq=Japi+is+a+traditional+symbol+of+Assamese+folk+culture&printsec=frontcover|publisher=Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya|year=2003|location=Original from Indiana University}} | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Latest revision as of 14:53, 10 March 2022
 An Assamese Jaapi | |
| Template:Infobox instrument/Classification | |
|---|---|
| Related instruments | |
| Part of a series on the |
| Culture of Assam |
|---|
 |
.png){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
Jaapi or Japi (Bodo: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from Assam, India similar to other Asian conical hats is made from tightly woven bamboo and/or cane and tokou paat (Trachycarpus martianus) a large, palm leaf. The word jaapi derives from jaap meaning a bundle of taku leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative sorudoi jaapi are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.
History[edit]
The medieval Chutia kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523.[4][5] After annexing Sadiya in 1524, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.[6] In the year 1525, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis obtained from the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the Mongkawng chief Phukloimung, a Shan state in present Upper Myanmar (called Nora in Buranjis) who had attacked Sadiya.[7] During the Ahom rule, Jaapi-hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.[8] Apart from this, the Baro-Bhuyans of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the Satsari Buranji, the Ahom kings adopted the Tongali, Hasoti and Tokou-patia Japi from the Baro-Bhuyans.[9]
Cultural symbol[edit]
Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of Bihu dance, used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.[10][11]
Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The Bodo-Kacharis having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout East Asia.[12] Bishnu Prasad Rabha added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from Bodo community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai.
Types[edit]
- Sorudoi japi: Used by women, especially brides.
- Bordoi japi: Used by royalty since ancient times (Kamrupa).
- Panidoi/Haluwa japi:Used by farmers in fields.
- Garakhiya japi: Used by cattle herders.
- Pitha japi: Used as hoods, sometimes during cultivation.
- Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ↑ "639 Identifier Documentation: aho – ISO 639-3". SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics). SIL International. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
Ahom [aho]
- ↑ "Population by Religious Communities". Census India – 2001. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
Census Data Finder/C Series/Population by Religious Communities
- ↑ "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
- ↑ Khanikar 1991, p. 100.
- ↑ "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(Kup-ngiun-kham),gold bracelets(Mao-kham), gold basket(Liu-kham), gold ring (Khup-kham), gold bookstand (Khu-tin-kham), gold pirâ(Kham-ku), horse(Ma), elephant(Chang-pai), and two Âroans(Phra-nun) and Xorais(Phun) to the Ahom king."
- ↑ Mahanta 1994, p. 10.
- ↑ Bhuyan 1960, p. 62.
- ↑ "The Chutiyas were engaged in all kind of technical jobs of the Ahom kingdom. For example, the Khanikar Khel (guild of engineers) was always manneed by the Chutiyas. The Jaapi-Hajiya Khel (guild for making Jaapis) was also monopolished by them."(Dutta 1985:30)
- ↑ Bhuyan 1960, p. 135.
- ↑ Handoo 2003, p. 46.
- ↑ Assam General Knowledge. Bright Publications. p. 98. ISBN 9788171994519.
- ↑ শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা (2001). অসম অভিধান. বনলতা. pp. ১৪৪–১৪৬.
References[edit]
- Dutta, Sristidhar (1985), The Mataks and their Kingdom, Allahabad: Chugh Publications
- Khanikar, S (1991), Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti
- Bhuyan, Surjya K. (1960), Satsari Buranji
- Handoo, Jawaharlal (2003), Folklore in the Changing Times, Original from Indiana University: Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya