Kirti Stambha: Difference between revisions

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{{Distinguish|text=[[Vijaya Stambha]] (similar structure, also located at Chittorgarh)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{unreliable|date=September 2019}}
 
[[File:Kirti stambha.jpg|thumb|100px|Kirti Stambha at [[Chittor]]]]{{Not to be confused with|Vijaya Stambha}}{{Jainism}}
{{Infobox religious building
'''Kirti Stambha''' is a 12th-century tower situated at [[Chittor Fort]] in [[Chittorgarh]] town of [[Rajasthan, India]]. The {{convert|22|m|ft}} tower was built by a [[Jain]] merchant Jeeja Bhagerwala during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh in {{circa|1179–1191}} CE.{{sfn|Urban Postal}}
| religious_affiliation = [[Jainism]]
| sect = [[Digambara]]
| image = File:Kirti Stambha (Tower of Fame) (4571936260).jpg
| caption = Kirti Stambha
| map_type = India Rajasthan
| map_caption = Location within Rajasthan
| coordinates = {{coord|24|53|32|N|74|39|0|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[Chittor Fort]], [[Chittorgarh]], [[Rajasthan]]
| deity = [[Rishabhanatha]]
| festivals = [[Mahavir Janma Kalyanak]]
| creator = Jeeja Bhagerwala
| architecture_style = [[Māru-Gurjara architecture]]
| architecture_type = Tower
| established = 12th century CE
}}
 
'''Kirti Stambha''' is a 12th-century tower situated at [[Chittor Fort]] in [[Chittorgarh]] town of [[Rajasthan, India]].


== History ==
== History ==
Chittor has a history going back several centuries. It was an ancient centre of Jain tradition. Chittor is adjacent to the ancient city of [[Nagari, Rajasthan|Madhyamika]]. The Jain inscriptions at [[Mathura]] from the [[Kushana]] period (1st to 3rd centuries) mention a "Majjhimilla" branch of the "Kottiya" gana, indicating that it was a major Jain centre. The famous Acharya [[Haribhadra]] Suri (6th century) was born in Chittor and wrote "Dhurtopakhyana" there.
[[File:A Jaina tower at Chittor.jpg|An 1847 drawing of the Kirti Stambha|thumb|left]]
 
Chittor has a history going back several centuries. It was an ancient centre of Jain tradition. Chittor is adjacent to the ancient city of [[Nagari, Rajasthan|Madhyamika]]. The Jain inscriptions at [[Mathura]] from the [[Kushana]] period (1st to 3rd centuries) mention a "Majjhimilla" branch of the "Kottiya" gana, indicating that it was a major Jain centre. The famous Acharya [[Haribhadra]] Suri (6th century) was born in Chittor and wrote "Dhurtopakhyana" there.{{sfn|Vashistha|Vashistha|1995|p=10}}


There was a scholar Elacharya at Chittor from whom Vira-senacharya (9th century) learned the ancient Shat-khandagama and Kashayapahuda. Vira-senacharya later wrote the famous "[[Dhavala]]" and "Jayadhavala" on the basis of these books.
There was a scholar Elacharya at Chittor from whom Vira-senacharya (9th century) learned the ancient Shat-khandagama and Kashayapahuda.{{sfn|Bareth|2017}} [[Virasena]] later wrote the famous "[[Dhavala]]" and "Jayadhavala" on the basis of these books.


It was the residence of Jinavallabha who propagated the Vidhimarga in the 12th century. From the 15th to 17th centuries, it was the seat of a [[Bhattaraka]]. The tower is built in the [[Māru-Gurjara architecture|Solanki style]]. It is 30 feet wide at the base and narrows down to 15 feet at the top.
The {{convert|22|m|ft}} tower was built by a [[Jain]] merchant Jeeja Bhagerwala during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh in {{circa|1179–1191}} CE.{{sfn|Bareth|2017}}{{sfn|Urban Postal}}{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=169}}{{sfn|Rajashtan Tourism|Chittorgarh}} It was the residence of Jinavallabha who propagated the Vidhimarga in the 12th century. From the 15th to 17th centuries, it was the seat of a [[Bhattaraka]].{{sfn|Singh|Mishra|2005|p=116}}


Three inscriptions have been found that mention Jija of [[Bagherwal]] community as the builder of the  stambha.<ref>Jain Shilalekh Samgrah, Part 5, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1971
Three inscriptions have been found that mention Jija of [[Bagherwal]] community as the builder of the  stambha.<ref>Jain Shilalekh Samgrah, Part 5, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1971</ref> One of the inscriptions mention Dharmakirti, the disciple of Shubhakirti, who was disciple of Vasantkirti.{{sfn|Singh|Mishra|2005|p=116}} According to the [[Balatkara Gana]] [[Pattavali]], Dharmakirti headed the patta during 1224-1257 AD. Thus the structure dates from the 13th century, although an unrelated Jain inscription of 896 AD was found in the vicinity.<ref>Niraj Jain, Chittor Darshan, Vira Nivan Granth prakasha Samiti, 1980</ref> Kirti Stambha is older than another tower in the same fort, known as the [[Vijay Stambha]] (Tower of Victory).{{sfn|Arihant Experts|2018|p=33}}
</ref> One of the inscriptions mention Dharmakirti, the disciple of Shubhakirti, who was disciple of Vasantkirti. According to the [[Balatkara Gana]] [[Pattavali]], Dharmakirti headed the patta during 1224-1257 AD. Thus the structure dates from the 13th century, although an unrelated Jain inscription of 896 AD was found in the vicinity.<ref>Niraj Jain, Chittor Darshan, Vira Nivan Granth prakasha Samiti, 1980</ref> Kirti Stambha is older than another tower in the same fort, known as the [[Vijay Stambha]] (Tower of Victory).
 
== Architecture ==
[[File:Temple de Shanthinath.jpg|Kirti Stambh|thumb]]
The tower is built in the [[Māru-Gurjara architecture|Solanki style]]. The tower is {{convert|76|m}} high and {{convert|37|m}} in diameter on a {{convert|10|m}} square platform. The tower is famous  for its for intricate carvings and architecture. The seven storey temple is adorned by sculpture and mouldings from the base to summit. The carvings on each summit is different from other. The tower stands near the ''Saat-Bees'' Jain temple.{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=169}}
 
The lower level is called ''Hansh Peeth'', then ''Sinha-mukh Thar'', ''Gaja Thar'' and ''Nava Thar''.{{sfn|Mehta|1970|p=169}}


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
<gallery>
File:A Jaina tower at Chittor.jpg|An 1847 drawing of the Kirti Stambha.
File:Kirti Stambha.jpg| A recent photo of the tower standing tall in Chittor
File:Kirti Stambha.jpg| A recent photo of the tower standing tall in Chittor.
File:Kirti stambh.jpg|[[Mahavir]] temple with Kirti Stambha
Chittorgarh_fort_37.JPG|Jain temple near Kirti Stambha.
File:Jain temple inside Chittorgarh Fort.jpg|Mahavir Jain temple
File:Jain temple inside Chittorgarh Fort.jpg|Jain temple near Kirti Stambha.
File:Jain mandir , Chittorgarh.JPG|''Saat-Bees'' Jain temple near Kirti Stampla
Temple_de_Shanthinath.jpg|Kirti Stambh.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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==References==
==References==
=== Citations ===
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


=== Sources ===
=== Sources ===
* {{cite web | url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/uit-chittorgarh/en/uit-chittorgarh/major-attractions.html | title=Major attraction | work=[[Government of Rajasthan]] | access-date=25 January 2021 | ref={{sfnref|Urban Postal}} }}{{coord|24.893668|74.646547|display=title}}
==== Book ====
* {{cite book | last=Mehta | first=Jodh Sinha | url={{Google books|Q6FpVLjVzU8C|page=169|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | title=Abu to Udaipur (Celestial Simla to City of Sunrise) | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | location=Delhi | date=1970 | isbn=9788120829848 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Singh | first1=Nagendra Kumar | last2=Mishra | first2=A. P. | url={{Google books|ZgNHE-48jNcC|page=116|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | title=Encyclopaedia Of Oriental Philosophy And Religion | volume=10 | publisher=Global Vision Pub House | date=2005 | isbn=9788182200715 }}
* {{cite book | last1=Vashistha | first1=Radhakrishna | last2=Vashistha | first2=R. K. | url={{Google books|kmcLLEBmPHwC|pg=RA2-PA10|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | title=Art and Artists of Rajasthan: A Study on the Art & Artists of Mewar with Reference to Western Indian School of Painting | publisher=Abhinav Publications | date=1995 | isbn=9788170172840 }}
* {{cite book | author=Arihant Experts | url={{Google books|ohvzDwAAQBAJ|page=33|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}} | title=Indian Art & Culture | publisher=Arihant Publications India limited | date=2018 | isbn=9789350944844 }}
 
==== Web ====
* {{cite news | last=Bareth | first=Narayan | url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-42024555 | title=The citadel is of Chittor, the rest is of Garhaiya | publisher=[[BBC]] | date=17 November 2017 | language=hi }}
* {{cite web | url=https://urban.rajasthan.gov.in/content/raj/udh/uit-chittorgarh/en/uit-chittorgarh/major-attractions.html | title=Major attraction | work=[[Government of Rajasthan]] | access-date=25 January 2021 | ref={{sfnref|Urban Postal}} }}
* {{cite web | url=https://www.tourism.rajasthan.gov.in/chittorgarh.html | title=Chittorgarh | publisher=[[Rajasthan Tourism Development Corporation]] | ref={{sfnRef|Rajashtan Tourism|Chittorgarh}} }}
 
== External links ==
{{commons category-inline|Kirti Stambha}}


{{Jain temples}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Jainism topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Revision as of 13:44, 30 May 2022

Not to be confused with Vijaya Stambha (similar structure, also located at Chittorgarh).

Kirti Stambha
Religion
AffiliationJainism
SectDigambara
DeityRishabhanatha
FestivalsMahavir Janma Kalyanak
Location
LocationChittor Fort, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan
Kirti Stambha is located in Rajasthan
Kirti Stambha
Location within Rajasthan
Geographic coordinates24°53′32″N 74°39′0″E / 24.89222°N 74.65000°E / 24.89222; 74.65000Coordinates: 24°53′32″N 74°39′0″E / 24.89222°N 74.65000°E / 24.89222; 74.65000
Architecture
TypeTower
StyleMāru-Gurjara architecture
CreatorJeeja Bhagerwala
Date established12th century CE

Kirti Stambha is a 12th-century tower situated at Chittor Fort in Chittorgarh town of Rajasthan, India.

History

An 1847 drawing of the Kirti Stambha

Chittor has a history going back several centuries. It was an ancient centre of Jain tradition. Chittor is adjacent to the ancient city of Madhyamika. The Jain inscriptions at Mathura from the Kushana period (1st to 3rd centuries) mention a "Majjhimilla" branch of the "Kottiya" gana, indicating that it was a major Jain centre. The famous Acharya Haribhadra Suri (6th century) was born in Chittor and wrote "Dhurtopakhyana" there.[1]

There was a scholar Elacharya at Chittor from whom Vira-senacharya (9th century) learned the ancient Shat-khandagama and Kashayapahuda.[2] Virasena later wrote the famous "Dhavala" and "Jayadhavala" on the basis of these books.

The 22 metres (72 ft) tower was built by a Jain merchant Jeeja Bhagerwala during the reign of Rawal Kumar Singh in c. 1179–1191 CE.[2][3][4][5] It was the residence of Jinavallabha who propagated the Vidhimarga in the 12th century. From the 15th to 17th centuries, it was the seat of a Bhattaraka.[6]

Three inscriptions have been found that mention Jija of Bagherwal community as the builder of the stambha.[7] One of the inscriptions mention Dharmakirti, the disciple of Shubhakirti, who was disciple of Vasantkirti.[6] According to the Balatkara Gana Pattavali, Dharmakirti headed the patta during 1224-1257 AD. Thus the structure dates from the 13th century, although an unrelated Jain inscription of 896 AD was found in the vicinity.[8] Kirti Stambha is older than another tower in the same fort, known as the Vijay Stambha (Tower of Victory).[9]

Architecture

Kirti Stambh

The tower is built in the Solanki style. The tower is 76 metres (249 ft) high and 37 metres (121 ft) in diameter on a 10 metres (33 ft) square platform. The tower is famous for its for intricate carvings and architecture. The seven storey temple is adorned by sculpture and mouldings from the base to summit. The carvings on each summit is different from other. The tower stands near the Saat-Bees Jain temple.[4]

The lower level is called Hansh Peeth, then Sinha-mukh Thar, Gaja Thar and Nava Thar.[4]

Gallery

  • A recent photo of the tower standing tall in Chittor

    A recent photo of the tower standing tall in Chittor

  • Mahavir temple with Kirti Stambha

    Mahavir temple with Kirti Stambha

  • Mahavir Jain temple

    Mahavir Jain temple

  • Saat-Bees Jain temple near Kirti Stampla

    Saat-Bees Jain temple near Kirti Stampla

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Vashistha & Vashistha 1995, p. 10.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bareth 2017.
  3. ↑ Urban Postal.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mehta 1970, p. 169.
  5. ↑ Rajashtan Tourism & Chittorgarh.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Singh & Mishra 2005, p. 116.
  7. ↑ Jain Shilalekh Samgrah, Part 5, Vidyadhar Johrapurkar, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1971
  8. ↑ Niraj Jain, Chittor Darshan, Vira Nivan Granth prakasha Samiti, 1980
  9. ↑ Arihant Experts 2018, p. 33.

Sources

Book

  • Mehta, Jodh Sinha (1970). Abu to Udaipur (Celestial Simla to City of Sunrise). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120829848.
  • Singh, Nagendra Kumar; Mishra, A. P. (2005). Encyclopaedia Of Oriental Philosophy And Religion. Vol. 10. Global Vision Pub House. ISBN 9788182200715.
  • Vashistha, Radhakrishna; Vashistha, R. K. (1995). Art and Artists of Rajasthan: A Study on the Art & Artists of Mewar with Reference to Western Indian School of Painting. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 9788170172840.
  • Arihant Experts (2018). Indian Art & Culture. Arihant Publications India limited. ISBN 9789350944844.

Web

External links


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