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Original from The University of California
Original from The University of California
Digitized: 2 Jun 2009
Digitized: 2 Jun 2009
Length: 210 pages</ref> Vennimala was the most secure place for the enemy. The forests were cut down and developed into habitable areas and the administration is strengthened by the capital city of Manikandapuram.{{fact|date=January 2020}}
Length: 210 pages</ref> Vennimala was the most secure place for the enemy. The forests were cut down and developed into habitable areas and the administration is strengthened by the capital city of Manikandapuram.{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}


== Manikandapuram Temple ==
== Manikandapuram Temple ==
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[[File:Manikandapuram Temple (2).jpg|175px|thumb|left|Manikandapuram temple]]
[[File:Manikandapuram Temple (2).jpg|175px|thumb|left|Manikandapuram temple]]


The Manikandapuram Sreekrishna Temple was built in the 12th century by [[Thekkumkur]] king [[Eravi Manikandan Varman|Eravi Manikanda Varman]] (reign: 1150 - 1180 C.E). The construction of the temple and the installation of the idol of Lord Krishna took place on the 25th day of Malayalam month Medam ([[Meṣa]]) in [[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]] 325 (1150 C.E).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/|title=MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History|website=www.manikandapuramtemple.org}}</ref><ref>http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/</ref> The king would take part in the annual festival of [[Vennimala Sree Rama Lakshmana Swamy Temple]]. During the royal hunting (Pallivetta) in the temple, the king Eravi Manikandan shot an animal he saw, but it was a cow. The Manikandapuram Temple was built by King Manikandan for his atonement, knowing that he killed a cow.<ref>{{cite book|title=Early History of the Dekkan Hardcover – Facsimile, 1 Dec 1996
The Manikandapuram Sreekrishna Temple was built in the 12th century by [[Thekkumkur]] king [[Eravi Manikandan Varman|Eravi Manikanda Varman]] (reign: 1150 - 1180 C.E). The construction of the temple and the installation of the idol of Lord Krishna took place on the 25th day of Malayalam month Medam ([[Meṣa]]) in [[Malayalam calendar|Kollam Era]] 325 (1150 C.E).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/|title=MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History|website=www.manikandapuramtemple.org}}</ref><ref>http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/ {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> The king would take part in the annual festival of [[Vennimala Sree Rama Lakshmana Swamy Temple]]. During the royal hunting (Pallivetta) in the temple, the king Eravi Manikandan shot an animal he saw, but it was a cow. The Manikandapuram Temple was built by King Manikandan for his atonement, knowing that he killed a cow.<ref>{{cite book|title=Early History of the Dekkan Hardcover – Facsimile, 1 Dec 1996
|author=R. G. Bhandarkar
|author=R. G. Bhandarkar
|date=December 1996
|pages=Hardcover: 143 pages
|pages=Hardcover: 143 pages
|publisher=Asian Educational Services; Facsimile of 1895 ed edition (1 December 1996)
|publisher=Asian Educational Services; Facsimile of 1895 ed edition (1 December 1996)
|isbn=978-8120601208}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/|title=MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History|website=www.manikandapuramtemple.org}}</ref><ref>Kottarathil, Sankunni (2018). AITHIHYAMALA (Malayalam). 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.). Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|9780195698893}}</ref><ref>http://lsgkerala.in/vakathanampanchayat/about/history/</ref>
|isbn=978-8120601208}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/|title=MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History|website=www.manikandapuramtemple.org}}</ref><ref>Kottarathil, Sankunni (2018). AITHIHYAMALA (Malayalam). 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.). Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|9780195698893}}</ref><ref>http://lsgkerala.in/vakathanampanchayat/about/history/ {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref>


There is evidence that the fort and the tunnels were at Manikandapuram, as were the later headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy at [[Changanassery]] and [[Kottayam|Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam)]].<ref>Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources in India; Author: Dr. Manohar Sajnani, Published in 2001, Published by: Kalpaz Publications; Address: C-30, Satyawati Nagar, Phase-III, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052, {{ISBN|81-7835-014-9}} (set), {{ISBN|81-7835-018-1}} (Vol II)</ref> The temple was very popular in the Thekkumkur dynasty. References to this temple are found in [[Aithihyamala]] of [[Kottarathil Sankunni]] and ''[[Unnuneeli Sandesam]]'', the classics of Malayalam Literature.<ref>{{cite book
There is evidence that the fort and the tunnels were at Manikandapuram, as were the later headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy at [[Changanassery]] and [[Kottayam|Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam)]].<ref>Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources in India; Author: Dr. Manohar Sajnani, Published in 2001, Published by: Kalpaz Publications; Address: C-30, Satyawati Nagar, Phase-III, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052, {{ISBN|81-7835-014-9}} (set), {{ISBN|81-7835-018-1}} (Vol II)</ref> The temple was very popular in the Thekkumkur dynasty. References to this temple are found in [[Aithihyamala]] of [[Kottarathil Sankunni]] and ''[[Unnuneeli Sandesam]]'', the classics of Malayalam Literature.<ref>{{cite book
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  | date = 2018
  | date = 2018
  | page = 20
  | page = 20
  | ISBN = 9780195698893
  | isbn = 9780195698893
  }}</ref><ref>Unnuneeli Sandesam - Thembattu Sankaran Nair; Published by DC Books, Kottayam; 132 pages</ref>
  }}</ref><ref>Unnuneeli Sandesam - Thembattu Sankaran Nair; Published by DC Books, Kottayam; 132 pages</ref>


Latest revision as of 13:57, 19 March 2022

Manikandapuram
മണികണ്ഠപുരം
Village
Royal seal of Thekkumkur Dynasty engraved in stone (Punchaman Illom)
Royal seal of Thekkumkur Dynasty engraved in stone (Punchaman Illom)
Coordinates: 9°31′05″N 76°34′42″E / 9.518057°N 76.5784076°E / 9.518057; 76.5784076
Country India
StateKerala
DistrictKottayam
Government
 • TypeVillage
 • BodyVakathanam Grama Panchayath
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
686538
Telephone code0481
Vehicle registrationKL-33

Manikandapuram (Malayalam: മണികണ്ഠപുരം) was the capital of the Kingdom of Thekkumkur (now part of India).[1] Manikandapuram is a part of Vakathanam Gramam in the Changanassery Taluk of Kottayam District. At the beginning of the Thekkumkur princely state, the nearest place, Vennimala was established as the headquarters.[2] Vennimala was the most secure place for the enemy. The forests were cut down and developed into habitable areas and the administration is strengthened by the capital city of Manikandapuram.[citation needed]

Manikandapuram Temple[edit | edit source]

Manikandapuram temple

The Manikandapuram Sreekrishna Temple was built in the 12th century by Thekkumkur king Eravi Manikanda Varman (reign: 1150 - 1180 C.E). The construction of the temple and the installation of the idol of Lord Krishna took place on the 25th day of Malayalam month Medam (Meṣa) in Kollam Era 325 (1150 C.E).[3][4] The king would take part in the annual festival of Vennimala Sree Rama Lakshmana Swamy Temple. During the royal hunting (Pallivetta) in the temple, the king Eravi Manikandan shot an animal he saw, but it was a cow. The Manikandapuram Temple was built by King Manikandan for his atonement, knowing that he killed a cow.[5][6][7][8]

There is evidence that the fort and the tunnels were at Manikandapuram, as were the later headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy at Changanassery and Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam).[9] The temple was very popular in the Thekkumkur dynasty. References to this temple are found in Aithihyamala of Kottarathil Sankunni and Unnuneeli Sandesam, the classics of Malayalam Literature.[10][11]

Unnuneeli Sandesam[edit | edit source]

The Malayalam poem Unnuneeli Sandesam describes the ancient Manikandapuram and Sreekrishna temple. In this poem, the temple and the underground passages connecting Venimala and Manikandapuram are explicit. There is depression in Manikandapuram, which looks like the entrance to a tunnel. The temple has huge acres of paddy fields in revenue records to feed hundreds of people every day.[12][13]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Book Title: Sthalapurāṇaṅṅaḷ Author: Iṭamaruk Publisher: Royal Book Depot, 1972 Original from The University of California Digitized: 2 Jun 2009 Length: 210 pages
  2. ↑ Book Title: Sthalapurāṇaṅṅaḷ Author: Iṭamaruk Publisher: Royal Book Depot, 1972 Original from The University of California Digitized: 2 Jun 2009 Length: 210 pages
  3. ↑ "MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History". www.manikandapuramtemple.org.
  4. ↑ http://manikandapuramtemple.org/index.php/history/ [dead link]
  5. ↑ R. G. Bhandarkar (December 1996). Early History of the Dekkan Hardcover – Facsimile, 1 Dec 1996. Asian Educational Services; Facsimile of 1895 ed edition (1 December 1996). pp. Hardcover: 143 pages. ISBN 978-8120601208.
  6. ↑ "MANIKANDAPURAM SREEKRISHNA SWAMY TEMPLE - History". www.manikandapuramtemple.org.
  7. ↑ Kottarathil, Sankunni (2018). AITHIHYAMALA (Malayalam). 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.). Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. ISBN 9780195698893
  8. ↑ http://lsgkerala.in/vakathanampanchayat/about/history/ [dead link]
  9. ↑ Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources in India; Author: Dr. Manohar Sajnani, Published in 2001, Published by: Kalpaz Publications; Address: C-30, Satyawati Nagar, Phase-III, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052, ISBN 81-7835-014-9 (set), ISBN 81-7835-018-1 (Vol II)
  10. ↑ Kottarathil, Sankunni (2018). Aithihyamala (Malayalam). 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.). Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. ISBN 9780195698893.
  11. ↑ Unnuneeli Sandesam - Thembattu Sankaran Nair; Published by DC Books, Kottayam; 132 pages
  12. ↑ Unnuneeli Sandesam - Thembattu Sankaran Nair; Published by DC Books, Kottayam; 132 pages
  13. ↑ Book Title: Unnuneeli Sandesam Edited By: Elamkulam P N Kunjan Pillai Publisher: National Book Stall Category: Malayalam Poems
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