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Sirhind-Fategarh: Difference between revisions
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==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
In the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Sirhind-Fatehgarh had a population of 60852. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Sirhind-Fatehgarh had an average literacy rate of 90%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy was 80%. 12% of the population was under 6 years of age. | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
According to popular notion | According to popular notion, Sirhind, comes from 'Sar-i hind', meaning the Frontier of Hind, as [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] saw it as the 'gateway to [[Hindustan]]'.<ref name=tribune>[http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/sirhind/ Memories of a town known as Sirhind] The Sunday Tribune, 15 April 2007.</ref><ref name=imp>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_026.gif Sirhind Town''(Sahrind)''] [[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]], ''v. 23, p. 20''.</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
{{Main|History of Sirhind}} | {{Main|History of Sirhind}} | ||
In his Sanskrit treatise, [[Brihat Samhita]], [[Varahamihira]] (505 – 587) mentions the city as 'Satudar Desh'. Later it was inhabited by a tribe of 'Sairindhas Aryans, leading to its present name.<ref name=official>[http://www.fatehgarhsahib.nic.in/Dist_glance_new.htm District at a glance] Sirhind at fatehgarhsahib.nic.in</ref> According to [[Xuanzang|Huan Tsang]], the Chinese traveller who visited India during the seventh century, Sirhind was the capital of the district of Shitotulo, or Shatadru (the present day River [[Sutlej]]).<ref>[http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons4_n2/huan.html Huan-Tsang<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | |||
According to [[Xuanzang|Huan Tsang]], the Chinese traveller who visited India during the seventh century, Sirhind was the capital of the district of Shitotulo, or Shatadru (the present day River [[Sutlej]]).<ref>[http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/people_n2/persons4_n2/huan.html Huan-Tsang<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | |||
[[File:RDBFort1.jpg|thumb|210px|Entrance to the Ramgarh Fort near Sirhind]] | [[File:RDBFort1.jpg|thumb|210px|Entrance to the Ramgarh Fort near Sirhind]] | ||
In 12th century, Sirhind came under the rule of the [[Hindu]] Chauhan Rajputs of [[Delhi]].<ref name=wiki>{{cite web |url=http://punjabgovt.nic.in/tourism/FatehgarhSahib.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604032401/http://punjabgovt.nic.in/TOURISM/FatehgarhSahib.htm |archive-date=4 June 2008 |df=dmy-all }} - Punjab Government Website</ref> During the rule of [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]] (1168–1192), the [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] ruler of [[Delhi]], it became his military outpost. | In the 12th century, Sirhind came under the rule of the [[Hindu]] Chauhan Rajputs of [[Delhi]].<ref name=wiki>{{cite web |url=http://punjabgovt.nic.in/tourism/FatehgarhSahib.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-07-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604032401/http://punjabgovt.nic.in/TOURISM/FatehgarhSahib.htm |archive-date=4 June 2008 |df=dmy-all }} - Punjab Government Website</ref> During the rule of [[Prithvi Raj Chauhan]] (1168–1192), the [[Hindu]] [[Rajput]] ruler of [[Delhi]], it became his military outpost. | ||
It | It became a provincial capital during the [[Mughal Empire]], controlling the [[Lahore]]-[[Delhi]] Highway. During the Mughal era, Sirhind was the name for [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]], the area's capital city. Sirhind was the headquarters of the Mughal administration in Eastern Punjab. Many European travelers describe its splendours, and it developed into a cultural center.<ref>{{cite book | ||
|title = Sirhind : The Greatest Mughal City on Delhi-Lahore Highway | |title = Sirhind : The Greatest Mughal City on Delhi-Lahore Highway | ||
|author = Subhash Parihar | |author = Subhash Parihar | ||
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[[File:Aam khas bagh.jpg|thumb|right|Ruins of ''Daulat Khana-E-Khas'' at [[Aam Khas Bagh]]', built by most probably, Sultan hafiz Rakhna, during the reign of emperor [[Akbar]]]] | [[File:Aam khas bagh.jpg|thumb|right|Ruins of ''Daulat Khana-E-Khas'' at [[Aam Khas Bagh]]', built by most probably, Sultan hafiz Rakhna, during the reign of emperor [[Akbar]]]] | ||
Sirhind was known for | Sirhind was known for dozens of saints, scholars, poets, historians, [[Calligraphy|calligraphers]] and scribes who lived there. This city is famous to Muslims for Great saint Imām-e-Rabbānī Shaykh [[Ahmad Sirhindi|Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī]] (R.) (1564–1624). He was an Indian Islamic scholar of Arab origin, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the [[Naqshbandi|Naqshbandī]] Sufi order. Many buildings survive from this period, including Aam Khas Bagh;<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-01|title=Aam Khas bagh {{!}} SIRHIND INFO|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201234037/http://www.sirhindinfo.com/aam-khas-bagh-3/|access-date=2021-11-12|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> it is said that in its heyday, the city had 360 mosques, gardens, tombs, [[caravansarai]]s and wells. | ||
==Education | ==Education == | ||
===University=== | ===University=== | ||
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===Other=== | ===Other=== | ||
* Lakshya Computer Education, Sirhind Mandi | * Lakshya Computer Education, Sirhind Mandi | ||
==Historical and religious places in Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib== | ==Historical and religious places in Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Reona Bhola]] | *[[Reona Bhola]] | ||
*[[Bhatt Majra, Fatehgarh Sahib|Bhatt Majra]] | |||
*[[Kotla Suleman]] | *[[Kotla Suleman]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:12, 8 April 2022
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2017) |
Sirhind-Fatehgarh | |
|---|---|
City | |
  Sirhind-Fatehgarh Location in Punjab, India | |
| Coordinates: 30°37′N 76°23′E / 30.617°N 76.383°ECoordinates: 30°37′N 76°23′E / 30.617°N 76.383°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Punjab |
| District | Fatehgarh Sahib |
| Population (2013) | |
| • Total | 60,852 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Punjabi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| [1] | |
Sirhind-Fategarh is a city and a municipal council in the Fatehgarh Sahib district in the Indian state of Punjab.
Demographics[edit]
In the 2011 census Sirhind-Fatehgarh had a population of 60852. Males constituted 54% of the population and females 46%. Sirhind-Fatehgarh had an average literacy rate of 90%, higher than the national average of 74%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy was 80%. 12% of the population was under 6 years of age.
Etymology[edit]
According to popular notion, Sirhind, comes from 'Sar-i hind', meaning the Frontier of Hind, as Mughal saw it as the 'gateway to Hindustan'.[1][2]
History[edit]
In his Sanskrit treatise, Brihat Samhita, Varahamihira (505 – 587) mentions the city as 'Satudar Desh'. Later it was inhabited by a tribe of 'Sairindhas Aryans, leading to its present name.[3] According to Huan Tsang, the Chinese traveller who visited India during the seventh century, Sirhind was the capital of the district of Shitotulo, or Shatadru (the present day River Sutlej).[4]
In the 12th century, Sirhind came under the rule of the Hindu Chauhan Rajputs of Delhi.[5] During the rule of Prithvi Raj Chauhan (1168–1192), the Hindu Rajput ruler of Delhi, it became his military outpost.
It became a provincial capital during the Mughal Empire, controlling the Lahore-Delhi Highway. During the Mughal era, Sirhind was the name for Malwa, the area's capital city. Sirhind was the headquarters of the Mughal administration in Eastern Punjab. Many European travelers describe its splendours, and it developed into a cultural center.[6]
Ruins of Daulat Khana-E-Khas at Aam Khas Bagh', built by most probably, Sultan hafiz Rakhna, during the reign of emperor Akbar
Sirhind was known for dozens of saints, scholars, poets, historians, calligraphers and scribes who lived there. This city is famous to Muslims for Great saint Imām-e-Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī (R.) (1564–1624). He was an Indian Islamic scholar of Arab origin, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. Many buildings survive from this period, including Aam Khas Bagh;[7] it is said that in its heyday, the city had 360 mosques, gardens, tombs, caravansarais and wells.
Education[edit]
University[edit]
Engineering College[edit]
General degree colleges[edit]
- Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib.
- Saffron College for Girls, Kotla Bajwara
Law College[edit]
- Lincoln College of Law, Sirhind
Polytechnic College[edit]
Teacher Training College[edit]
- Lincoln College of Education, Sirhind
CISCE affiliated school[edit]
- Baalak Yesu Convent School
Punjab School Education Board affiliated schools[edit]
- Ashoka Sen. Sec. School, Sirhind
- Baba Dyalpuri Sen.sec.school, Sirhind
- BZSFS.SEN.SEC PUBLIC SCHOOL, Fatehgarh Sahib
- Dyanand High School, Sirhind
- Government girls senior secondary school, Sirhind Mandi
- Mata Sundri Public School, Fatehgarh Sahib
- M G Ashoka Girls College, Sirhind
- Rana Munshi Ram Sarvhitkari school, Sirhind
- Sirhind Public School, Sirhind
Central Board Of Secondary education (CBSE) affiliated schools[edit]
- St.Mary's School, Mahadian, Fatehgarh Sahib
- Divine Light International school
- Jesus Saviour's School
- Saffron City School
- Garden Valley International School
- Greenfield Public School
Other[edit]
- Lakshya Computer Education, Sirhind Mandi
Historical and religious places in Sirhind-Fatehgarh Sahib[edit]
- Gurudwara Fatehgarh Sahib
- Gurdwara Jyoti Sarup
- Dashnami Akhara
- Gurdwara Shahid Ganj
- Gurdwara Patshahi Chevin
- Rauza Sharif (Shrine of Syed Ahmad Sirhindi)
- Tomb of Ustad and Shagird
- Tomb of Mir-I-Miran, Sirhind
- Aam Khas Bagh, Sirhind
- Mata Shri Chakreshwari Devi Jain Temple Village Attewali (Sirhind)
- Gurdwara moti ram mehra ji
- Jahaji Haveli, Haveli of Diwan Todar Mal
- Dera Baba Biram Dass Ji ( VPO Badhouchhi Kalan)
Gallery[edit]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- Subhash Parihar, History and Architectural Remains of Sirhind, 2006, Aryan Books International. ISBN 81-7305-311-1.
Subhash Parihar, "Medieval Sirhind and its Monuments", Marg (Mumbai), vol. 55, no. 4, June 2004, pp. 42–57. Subhash Parihar, "Historic Mosques of Sirhind". Islamic Studies, 43(3)(2004): 481–510. Subhash Parihar, "Arabic and Persian Inscriptions from Sirhind". Islamic Studies, 38(2)(1999): 255–74.
References[edit]
- ↑ Memories of a town known as Sirhind The Sunday Tribune, 15 April 2007.
- ↑ Sirhind Town(Sahrind) The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 20.
- ↑ District at a glance Sirhind at fatehgarhsahib.nic.in
- ↑ Huan-Tsang
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 June 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - Punjab Government Website - ↑ Subhash Parihar. Sirhind : The Greatest Mughal City on Delhi-Lahore Highway. ISBN 81-7305-311-1.
- ↑ "Aam Khas bagh | SIRHIND INFO". web.archive.org. 1 December 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
External links[edit]
- Battle_of_Sirhind Battle of Sirhind at Sikhstudies.org
- www.sirhindinfo.com