Koupalu: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox deity
{{Infobox deity
| type        = Meitei
| type        = Meitei
| name        = Koubru
| name        = Koupalu <br /> ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}})
| deity_of    = Guardian God of the North West Direction
| deity_of    = Guardian God of the North West Direction
| member_of    = [[Maikei Ngaakpa Lai]]s and [[Umang Lai]]s
| member_of    = [[Lainingthou]]s, [[Maikei Ngaakpa Lai]]s and [[Umang Lai]]s
| image        = KOUPALU.jpg
| image        = KOUPALU.jpg
| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption      = "Koupalu", the [[Ancient Meitei language|Ancient Meitei]] name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
| caption      = "Koupalu", the [[Ancient Meitei language|Ancient Meitei]] name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
| other_names  = Koupalu, Koubaru
| other_names  = Koubaru, Koubru
| hiro        =  
| hiro        =  
| Old_Norse    =  
| Old_Norse    =  
Line 14: Line 14:
| script      =  
| script      =  
| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
| cult_center  = <!-- or | cult_centre = -->
| cult_center  = [[Mount Koupalu]] ([[Mount Koubru]])
| abode        = [[Mount Koubru]]
| abode        = [[Mount Koupalu]] ([[Mount Koubru]])
| planet      = <!-- or | world = -->
| planet      = <!-- or | world = -->
| weapon      = Spear
| weapon      = Spear
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| color        = <!-- or | colour = -->
| color        = <!-- or | colour = -->
| number      =  
| number      =  
| consort      = [[Kounu]]
| consorts    =  
* [[Kounu Leima]]
* Likla Leima
* [[Koujeng Leima|Koucheng Leima]] ([[Koujeng Leima]])
| parents      =  
| parents      =  
| siblings    =  
| siblings    =  
| children =  
| children =  
* [[Loyalakpa]]
* [[Loyalakpa]] (adopted son/son-in-law)
* Thoudu Nungthel Leima
* [[Thoudu Nungthel Leima]] (adopted daughter)
* [[Lainaotabi|Koubru Namoinu]] (according to the [[Nongban Pombi Luwaoba]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&q=Nungpan+Ponpi+Luwaopa+narrates+the+romantic+saga+of+Luwang+Prince+Luwaopa+and+Koubru+Namoinee%2C+the+adopted+daughter+of+the+Koubru+King.+Myth+and+legend+fuse+together+with+divine+intervention+playing+an+important+role+in+the+narrative.&pg=PT236|title=Northeast India: A Reader|last1=Oinam|first1=Bhagat|last2=Sadokpam|first2=Dhiren A.|date=2018-05-11|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-95320-0|language=en}}</ref>)  
* [[Lainaotabi|Koubru Namoinu]] (an ''adopted daughter'' according to the [[Nongban Pombi Luwaoba]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X31aDwAAQBAJ&q=Nungpan+Ponpi+Luwaopa+narrates+the+romantic+saga+of+Luwang+Prince+Luwaopa+and+Koubru+Namoinee%2C+the+adopted+daughter+of+the+Koubru+King.+Myth+and+legend+fuse+together+with+divine+intervention+playing+an+important+role+in+the+narrative.&pg=PT236|title=Northeast India: A Reader|last1=Oinam|first1=Bhagat|last2=Sadokpam|first2=Dhiren A.|date=2018-05-11|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-95320-0|language=en}}</ref>)  
| predecessor  =
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| successor    =
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| equivalent2_type =  
| equivalent2_type =  
| equivalent2 =
| equivalent2 =
| region      =  
| region      = [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]])
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba|Koubru Lai Haraoba]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/tag/koubru/|title=Koubru – Manipur News}}</ref>
| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba|Koubru Lai Haraoba]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/tag/koubru/|title=Koubru – Manipur News}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{Meitei deities}}
{{Meitei deities}}
'''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}), also spelt as '''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}), is a primordial deity in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]]. He is the Guardian of the North West direction.<ref name="Prakash 2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+A+wang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA1543|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur: A Study|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1972|publisher=Available with Raj Stores|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East|last=Brara|first=N. Vijaylakshmi|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+Awang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA12|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]],<ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books" /> starting from the [[Mount Koubru]], a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Manipuri+civilization+began+taking+shape+on+the+Koubru+Peak+which+lies+North-West+of+the+Manipur+valley&pg=PA62|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=Horam|first2=M.|last3=Rizvi|first3=S. H. M.|date=1998|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-127-2|language=en}}</ref>
'''Koupalu''' ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ}}) or '''Koubaru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ}}) or '''Koubru''' ({{lang-mni|ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ}}) is a God in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] of [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]]). He is the Guardian of the North West direction ({{lang-omp|ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ|Koupalu Maikei|Direction of Koupalu}}).<ref name="Prakash 2007">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+A+wang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA1543|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|date=2007|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-269-0706-9|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDFy8Q9d0J0C&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur: A Study|last=Singh|first=N. Tombi|date=1972|publisher=Available with Raj Stores|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NkMwAQAAIAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East|last=Brara|first=N. Vijaylakshmi|date=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564331-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi 2002">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&dq=lord+koubru+meitei+laiharaoba+Awang+Koubru+Assupa+Eeyen+Khunda+Ahanba+north+puppy+lois+sekmai+phayeng+andro+khurkhul+birth+death+marriage+north+west+hill+deities&pg=PA12|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref> Legend says he is the founder of civilization in [[Ancient Manipur]],<ref name="Manipur: A Study - N. Tombi Singh - Google Books" /> starting from the [[Mount Koubru]], a peak where he abodes, in north-western [[Manipur]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Manipuri+civilization+began+taking+shape+on+the+Koubru+Peak+which+lies+North-West+of+the+Manipur+valley&pg=PA62|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXDiAAAAMAAJ&q=koubru+deity|title=Manipur|last1=Singh|first1=Kumar Suresh|last2=Horam|first2=M.|last3=Rizvi|first3=S. H. M.|date=1998|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-7046-127-2|language=en}}</ref>


God Koubru resides in the [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill). The [[Mount Koubru]] (Koubru Hill) is the first place of settlement of the [[Meitei ethnicity]], including the [[Loi]]s of [[Andro]], [[Khurkhul]], [[Phayeng]] and [[Sekmai]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/>
God Koupalu resides in the [[Mount Koupalu]] ([[Mount Koubru]]). The [[Mount Koupalu]] ([[Mount Koubru]]) is the first place of settlement of the [[Meitei ethnicity]], including the [[Loi]]s of [[Andro]], [[Khurkhul]], [[Phayeng]] and [[Sekmai]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/>


== Origin ==
== Origin ==
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The [[Loi]] caste of the [[Meitei ethnicity]] worship God Koubru on every occasion, including [[birth]], [[marriage]] and [[death]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/> All the Loi villagers excluding [[Andro]] are the worshipers of God Koubru.<ref name="Bareh 2001"/>
The [[Loi]] caste of the [[Meitei ethnicity]] worship God Koubru on every occasion, including [[birth]], [[marriage]] and [[death]].<ref name="Prakash 2007"/><ref name="Devi 2002"/> All the Loi villagers excluding [[Andro]] are the worshipers of God Koubru.<ref name="Bareh 2001"/>


== Related pages ==
== See also ==
* [[Marjing]] - north east protector
* [[Marjing]] - north east protector
* [[Thangjing]] - south west protector
* [[Thangjing]] - south west protector
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== Other websites ==
== External links ==
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Koubru&sin=TXT Koubru_archive.org]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Koubru&sin=TXT Koubru_archive.org]
* [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Koubru&sa.x=0&sa.y=0 Koubru_e-pao.net]
* [http://e-pao.net/epSearchResults.asp?cx=partner-pub-3342616103029311%3A3788634109&cof=FORID%3A10&ie=UTF-8&q=Koubru&sa.x=0&sa.y=0 Koubru_e-pao.net]

Latest revision as of 21:39, 1 April 2022

This article is about a God. For the mountain, see Mount Koupalu.
Koupalu
(Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ)
Guardian God of the North West Direction
Member of Lainingthous, Maikei Ngaakpa Lais and Umang Lais
KOUPALU.jpg
"Koupalu", the Ancient Meitei name of God Koubru, written in archaic Meetei Mayek abugida
Other namesKoubaru, Koubru
AffiliationMeitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
Major cult centerMount Koupalu (Mount Koubru)
AbodeMount Koupalu (Mount Koubru)
WeaponSpear
AnimalsWhite elephant
MountWhite elephant
TextsPuYas
GenderMale
RegionAncient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
Ethnic groupMeitei ethnicity
FestivalsKoubru Lai Haraoba[1]
Personal information
Consorts
Children
Meitei gods and goddesses
series
PANTHOIPI.jpg
Heavenly gods and goddesses
Netherworld gods and goddesses

Koupalu (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ) or Koubaru (Meitei: ꯀꯧꯕꯔꯨ) or Koubru (Meitei: ꯀꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯨ) is a God in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur). He is the Guardian of the North West direction (Old Manipuri: ꯀꯧꯄꯂꯨ ꯃꯥꯢꯀꯩ, romanized: Koupalu Maikei, lit. 'Direction of Koupalu').[3][4][5][6] Legend says he is the founder of civilization in Ancient Manipur,[4] starting from the Mount Koubru, a peak where he abodes, in north-western Manipur.[3][6][7][8]

God Koupalu resides in the Mount Koupalu (Mount Koubru). The Mount Koupalu (Mount Koubru) is the first place of settlement of the Meitei ethnicity, including the Lois of Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai.[3][6]

Origin[edit]

The traditional hymns supplement the theory of origin.

Awang Koubru Assupa
Leimalai Khunda Ahanba.
Nongthrei Ma-U Lingliba,
Irik Mapan Thariba,
Lainingthou!

English translation of the above passage:

North Koubru all-inclusive (pervasive)
Leima Lai first habitation,
Heaven-flower all things seen established,
Blood drop (Blood cell) planters,
O! Lainingthou (King of Gods)![9]

This is the hymn of invocation of God Koubru (Koupalu in PuYas).[9]

Description[edit]

Lord Koubru is the Omniscient and the Omnipotent Guardian God. He lives on the top of Mount Koubru.[10] God Koubru, the Heavenly Lord, is said to be the controller of the nine underground wells/tunnels. These are associated with the birth and death of the mankind. The 9 tunnels are sacred to the Meitei people. So, these are still worshipped by the Meiteis.[11]

Worship[edit]

In the Lai Haraoba festival, a ritualistic folk song dedicated to God Koubru is sung like this:

Awang Koubru Assupa
Eeyen Khunda Ahanba

English translation of the above passage:

Koubru of the North, You are the overlord
You are the first place of settlement.[3][6]

The Meiteis offer a beautiful puppy to God Koubru to free themselves from the sufferings.[3][6] The Loi caste of the Meitei ethnicity worship God Koubru on every occasion, including birth, marriage and death.[3][6] All the Loi villagers excluding Andro are the worshipers of God Koubru.[10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Koubru – Manipur News".
  2. ↑ Oinam, Bhagat; Sadokpam, Dhiren A. (2018-05-11). Northeast India: A Reader. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-429-95320-0.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Singh, N. Tombi (1972). Manipur: A Study. Available with Raj Stores.
  5. ↑ Brara, N. Vijaylakshmi (1998). Politics, Society, and Cosmology in India's North East. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-564331-2.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
  7. ↑ Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  8. ↑ Singh, Kumar Suresh; Horam, M.; Rizvi, S. H. M. (1998). Manipur. Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-7046-127-2.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-790-0.
  11. ↑ Singh, Dr Th Suresh (2014-06-02). The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India. Quills Ink Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-93-84318-00-0.

External links[edit]


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