Thumleima: Difference between revisions

What links here Related changes Page information Get shortened URL
Created by InternetArchiveBot
Last edited March 16, 2022
← Older edit
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Updating
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox deity
{{Infobox deity
|name=Noinu Thumleima
| type        = Meitei
|script_name=Meitei
| name        = Noinu Thumleima
|script=ꯅꯣꯏꯅꯨ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ
| deity_of     = Goddess of salt and salt wells<ref name=":2" />
|deity_of=Goddess of salt and salt wells<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&dq=thumleima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Noinu+thumleima+salt+wells</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4qJP50fPuAhVVU30KHUL4AQwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=snippet&q=thumleima%20salt&f=false</ref>
| member_of    = [[Lairembi]]s
|type=[[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])  
| image        = THUMLEIMA.jpg
|other_names=Thumkhong Lairembi<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=thumkhong+lairembi&dq=thumkhong+lairembi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivoZLV0vPuAhXBXisKHXwYDvYQ6AEwAHoECAIQAw</ref>
| alt          = <!-- for alternate text of the title image per [[WP:ALT]] -->
|affiliation=[[Sanamahism]] ([[Meitei religion]])
| caption      = "Thumleima" written in the archaic Meitei Mayek abugida
|siblings=[[Phouleima]], [[Ngaleima]] and [[Ireima]]
| other_names  = Thumkhong Lairembi<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=thumkhong+lairembi|title=Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|date=1998|publisher=Parimal Publications|language=en}}</ref>
|abode=[[Brine|Salt brine]]s
| hiro        =
|texts=[[Phouoibi Waron]]
| Old_Norse    =
|festivals=[[Lai Haraoba]]
| Devanagari  =
|Greek_equivalent=[[Amphitrite]]
| Sanskrit_transliteration =
|Roman_equivalent=[[Salacia]]
| Tamil_script =
|Hinduism_equivalent=[[Lakshmi]]
| Tamil_transliteration =
| Kannada_script =
| Kannada_transliteration =
| script_name  =
| script      =
| affiliation  = [[Meitei mythology]] ([[Manipuri mythology]]) and [[Meitei religion]] ([[Sanamahism]])
| cult_center  = <!-- or | cult_centre = -->
| abodes        = [[Brine|Salt brine]]s
| planet      = <!-- or | world = -->
| weapon      = <!-- or | weapons = -->
| battles      =
| artifacts    = <!-- or | artefacts = -->
| animals      =
| symbol      = Salts
| adherents    =
| height      =
| age          =
| tree        =
| day          =  
| color        = <!-- or | colour = -->
| number      =  
| consort      = <!-- or | consorts = -->
| father      = [[Salailen]] (Soraren)  
| siblings     =  
* [[Phouoibi]] ([[Phouleima]])
* [[Ngaleima]]  
* [[Ereima]] ([[Ireima]])
| offspring    = <!-- or | children = -->
| predecessor  =
| successor    =
| army        =
| mount        =
| texts       = [[Phouoibi Waron]]
| gender      = Female
| Greek_equivalent     = [[Amphitrite]]
| Roman_equivalent     = [[Salacia]]
| Etruscan_equivalent  =
| Christian_equivalent =
| Slavic_equivalent    =
| Hinduism_equivalent =
| Canaanite_equivalent =
| equivalent1_type =
| equivalent1 =
| equivalent2_type =
| equivalent2 =
| region      = [[Ancient Kangleipak]] ([[Antique Manipur]])
| ethnic_group = [[Meitei ethnicity]]
| festivals    = [[Lai Haraoba]]
}}
}}
'''"Noinu Thumleima"''' ({{lang-mni|ꯅꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ}}), also known as '''"Thumkhong Lairembi"'''<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&q=thumkhong+lairembi&dq=thumkhong+lairembi&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivoZLV0vPuAhXBXisKHXwYDvYQ6AEwAHoECAIQAw</ref> ({{lang-mni|ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ}}), is the [[goddess]] and the female personification of the [[salt]] and the natural salt [[brine]]s in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&dq=thumleima&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=+Noinu+thumleima+salt+wells</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4qJP50fPuAhVVU30KHUL4AQwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=snippet&q=thumleima%20salt&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2mdWVwK_uAhXijeYKHXyfDI4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=thumleima&f=false</ref> She is a sister of goddesses, [[Phouleima]], [[Ngaleima]] and [[Ereima]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&pg=PA14&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4qJP50fPuAhVVU30KHUL4AQwQ6AEwAnoECAIQAw#v=snippet&q=thumleima%20ngareima%20phouoibi&f=false</ref> She is worshipped by the people for the prosperity of salt, which is a main composition of [[diet]] for the [[mankind]].<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&q=thumleima&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2mdWVwK_uAhXijeYKHXyfDI4Q6AEwA3oECAQQAg</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=thumleima&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2mdWVwK_uAhXijeYKHXyfDI4Q6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=thumleima&f=false</ref>
{{Meitei deities}}
'''Noinu Thumleima''' ({{lang-mni|ꯅꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ}}) or '''Thumkhong Lairembi'''<ref name=":0" /> ({{lang-mni|ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ}}) is the goddess of [[salt]] and [[brine|salt wells]] in [[Meitei mythology]] and [[Meitei religion|religion]] of [[Ancient Manipur]] ([[Antique Kangleipak]]).<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIBymmBWqgsC&q=thumleima+ngareima+phouoibi&pg=PA14|title=The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai|last=Devi|first=Lairenlakpam Bino|date=2002|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-849-5|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465422/page/n19/mode/2up|title=Leimarel Mingkhei|website=archive.org|year=1970|pages=19|language=mni}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/folklore24folkuoft/page/425/mode/1up?q=Thumleima+salt+wells&view=theater|title=Folklore|last=Folklore Society (Great Britain)|publisher=London, Folk-lore Society|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0QKAAAAIAAJ&q=+Noinu+thumleima+salt+wells|title=Folklore|last1=Jacobs|first1=Joseph|last2=Nutt|first2=Alfred Trübner|last3=Wright|first3=Arthur Robinson|last4=Crooke|first4=William|date=1913|publisher=Folklore Society|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Devi">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxqeDwAAQBAJ&q=Thum+Leima+Imoinu+salt+&pg=PA64|title=Glimpses of Manipuri Culture|last=Devi|first=Dr Yumlembam Gopi|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-359-72919-7|language=en}}</ref> She is a sister (or ''friend'') of the goddesses, [[Phouoibi]] ([[Phouleima]]), [[Ngaleima]] and [[Ereima]] ([[Ireima]]).<ref name=":2" /> People pray to her so there will be enough salt. Salt is an important part of the human [[diet]].<ref name=":1" />


She is considered to be the [[concubine]] of [[Pakhangba]], the royal deity.<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=LVpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=thumkhong+lairembi&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=thumkhong+lairembi+pakhangba</ref>
She is a wife of [[Pakhangba]], the royal deity.<ref name=":0" />


==In popular culture==
== Name ==
* "Phouoibi, the rice goddess", a bailad opera, was performed by the Laihui Ensemble in 2009, based on the mythical saga of the goddess and her sisters.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://laihui.org/index.php/126-2/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2021-01-27 |archive-date=2019-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223084822/http://laihui.org/index.php/126-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.manipur.org/news/2013/03/22/laihui-ensemble-manipur-%E2%80%93-phou-oibi-the-rice-goddess-to-perform-at-esplanade-theatre-studio-singapore/</ref><ref>https://sgmagazine.com/events/singapore-music-festivals/phou-oibi-rice-goddess-laihui-ensemble</ref><ref>https://m.indiamart.com/proddetail/phou-oibi-the-rice-goddess-2009-7000842597.html</ref>
The [[Meitei language|Meitei]] female given name "Thumleima" (tʰum.lə́i.mə, ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ) is made of two words. These words are "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) and "Leima" (lə́i.mə, ꯂꯩꯃ). In [[Meitei language|Meitei]], "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) means [[salt]], usually the common salt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9D&searchhws=yes|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Thum|website=uchicago.edu|year=2006}}</ref> In [[Meitei language|Meitei]], "Leima" (lə́i.mə, ꯂꯩꯃ) means queen, mistress or lady.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A9%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5&searchhws=yes|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Leima|website=uchicago.edu|year=2006}}</ref>
* "Phouoibi Shayon", a 2017 mythology based Manipuri language feature movie was released, based on the story of goddess Thumleima and her sister Phouoibi.<ref>http://www.manipur.org/news/2017/03/31/phouoibi-shayon-to-be-shown-at-shankar/</ref><ref>https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/8155-film-release/amp</ref><ref>https://klmdb.com/title/0000542/release-info</ref><ref>https://klmdb.com/title/0000542</ref>
[[File:THUMKHONG LAIREMBI.jpg|thumb|300px|"Thumkhong Lairembi", another name of goddess Thumleima, written in medieval Meetei Mayek abugida]]
Another name of goddess Thumleima is "Thumkhong Lairembi" (ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ). The [[Meitei language|Meitei]] word "Thumkhong" (tʰum.kʰoŋ, ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ) is made up of two component words, "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) and "Khong" (kʰoŋ, ꯈꯣꯡ). "Thum" (ꯊꯨꯝ)  means salt. "Khong" (kʰoŋ, ꯈꯣꯡ) means mine (of salt or metallic ores).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1&searchhws=yes|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Khong|website=uchicago.edu|year=2006}}</ref> So, "Thumkhong" (tʰum.kʰoŋ, ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ) means ''salt ditch'' or ''salt brine'' or ''salt mine'' or ''salt well''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9D&searchhws=yes|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Thum+Khong|website=uchicago.edu|year=2006}}</ref> Another [[Meitei language|Meitei]] word "Lairembi" (ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ) is made up of three component words, "Lai" (ꯂꯥꯢ), "-rem" (-ꯔꯦꯝ) and "bi" (ꯕꯤ). "Lai" (ꯂꯥꯢ) means "God". "-rem" (-ꯔꯦꯝ) or "-lem" (-ꯂꯦꯝ) means "excellent". "bi" (ꯕꯤ) or "pi" (ꯄꯤ) is a suffix to denote feminine gender. So, "Lairembi" (ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ) means a goddess.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/sharma_query.py?qs=%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4&searchhws=yes|title=Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Lairembi|website=uchicago.edu|year=2006}}</ref>


==References==
== Association with other gods ==
{{See|Incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi}}
The Goddess Thumleima is one of the divine manifestations of [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel (Leimalel)]]. Leimalel is the supreme mother earth goddess. It is said that Leimalel becomes Thumleima when she is in the salt mine.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.461915/page/n73/mode/2up?q=Thumleima+Leimalel+manifests+salt+mine|title=A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy|last=Singh|first=L. Bhagyachandra|date=1991|pages=73}}</ref> Thumleima is also considered as one of the divine incarnations of goddess [[Imoinu]].<ref name="Devi"/>
 
== In popular culture ==
* [[Phou-oibi, the rice goddess]] is a 2009 ballad opera. It was performed by the [[Laihui Ensemble]]. It is based on the story of the goddess and her sister [[Phouoibi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2013/03/22/laihui-ensemble-manipur-%E2%80%93-phou-oibi-the-rice-goddess-to-perform-at-esplanade-theatre-studio-singapore/|title=Laihui Ensemble Manipur – Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess to perform at Esplanade Theatre Studio Singapore|website=www.manipur.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sgmagazine.com/events/singapore-music-festivals/phou-oibi-rice-goddess-laihui-ensemble|title=Phou-Oibi, the Rice Goddess by Laihui Ensemble|website=sgmagazine.com}}</ref>
* [[Phouoibi Shayon]] is a 2017 [[Manipuri language|Manipuri]] mythology movie based on the story of the goddess and her sister [[Phouoibi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=20..010417.apr17|title=Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar : 01st apr17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines|website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manipur.org/news/2017/03/31/phouoibi-shayon-to-be-shown-at-shankar/|title=Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar – Manipur News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imphaltimes.com/news/item/8155-film-release|title=Film Release - Imphal Times|first=Maheshwar|last=Gurumayum|website=www.imphaltimes.com}}</ref>
 
== Related pages ==
* [[Imoinu]] ([[Emoinu]]) - Meitei goddess of wealth
* [[Ireima]] ([[Ereima]]) - Meitei goddess of water
* [[Leimarel Sidabi|Leimarel (Leimalel)]] - Meitei goddess of earth
* [[Ngaleima]] - Meitei goddess of fish
* [[Panthoibi]] - Meitei goddess of civilization, love and warfare
* [[Phouoibi]] ([[Phouleima]]) - Meitei goddess of farm crops
 
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* [https://en.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?search=Noinu+Thumleima%2C+the+goddess+of+the+salt+wells.&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&fulltext=1&ns0=1&ns100=1&ns102=1&ns106=1&ns114=1 Noinu Thumleima_English Wikisource]
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=Thumleima&sin=TXT Thumleima_archive.org]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
[[Category:Meitei gods and goddesses]]
{{religion-stub}}
 
{{simple-Wikipedia}}
{{simple-Wikipedia}}

Latest revision as of 18:53, 16 March 2022

Noinu Thumleima
Goddess of salt and salt wells[1]
Member of Lairembis
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
"Thumleima" written in the archaic Meitei Mayek abugida
Other namesThumkhong Lairembi[2]
AffiliationMeitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism)
AbodesSalt brines
SymbolSalts
TextsPhouoibi Waron
GenderFemale
RegionAncient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur)
Ethnic groupMeitei ethnicity
FestivalsLai Haraoba
Personal information
Parents
Siblings
Greek equivalentAmphitrite
Roman equivalentSalacia
Meitei gods and goddesses
series
Heavenly gods and goddesses
Netherworld gods and goddesses

Noinu Thumleima (Meitei: ꯅꯣꯢꯅꯨ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ) or Thumkhong Lairembi[2] (Meitei: ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ) is the goddess of salt and salt wells in Meitei mythology and religion of Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak).[1][3][4][5][6] She is a sister (or friend) of the goddesses, Phouoibi (Phouleima), Ngaleima and Ereima (Ireima).[1] People pray to her so there will be enough salt. Salt is an important part of the human diet.[3]

She is a wife of Pakhangba, the royal deity.[2]

Name[edit | edit source]

The Meitei female given name "Thumleima" (tʰum.lə́i.mə, ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯩꯃ) is made of two words. These words are "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) and "Leima" (lə́i.mə, ꯂꯩꯃ). In Meitei, "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) means salt, usually the common salt.[7] In Meitei, "Leima" (lə́i.mə, ꯂꯩꯃ) means queen, mistress or lady.[8]

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
"Thumkhong Lairembi", another name of goddess Thumleima, written in medieval Meetei Mayek abugida

Another name of goddess Thumleima is "Thumkhong Lairembi" (ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ). The Meitei word "Thumkhong" (tʰum.kʰoŋ, ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ) is made up of two component words, "Thum" (tʰum, ꯊꯨꯝ) and "Khong" (kʰoŋ, ꯈꯣꯡ). "Thum" (ꯊꯨꯝ) means salt. "Khong" (kʰoŋ, ꯈꯣꯡ) means mine (of salt or metallic ores).[9] So, "Thumkhong" (tʰum.kʰoŋ, ꯊꯨꯝꯈꯣꯡ) means salt ditch or salt brine or salt mine or salt well.[10] Another Meitei word "Lairembi" (ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ) is made up of three component words, "Lai" (ꯂꯥꯢ), "-rem" (-ꯔꯦꯝ) and "bi" (ꯕꯤ). "Lai" (ꯂꯥꯢ) means "God". "-rem" (-ꯔꯦꯝ) or "-lem" (-ꯂꯦꯝ) means "excellent". "bi" (ꯕꯤ) or "pi" (ꯄꯤ) is a suffix to denote feminine gender. So, "Lairembi" (ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ) means a goddess.[11]

Association with other gods[edit | edit source]

Further information: Incarnations of Leimarel Sidabi

The Goddess Thumleima is one of the divine manifestations of Leimarel (Leimalel). Leimalel is the supreme mother earth goddess. It is said that Leimalel becomes Thumleima when she is in the salt mine.[3][12] Thumleima is also considered as one of the divine incarnations of goddess Imoinu.[6]

In popular culture[edit | edit source]

Related pages[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Devi, Lairenlakpam Bino (2002). The Lois of Manipur: Andro, Khurkhul, Phayeng and Sekmai. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-849-5.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Singh, Moirangthem Kirti (1998). Recent Researches in Oriental Indological Studies: Including Meiteilogy. Parimal Publications.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Leimarel Mingkhei (in ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ). 1970. p. 19. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Folklore Society (Great Britain). Folklore. Robarts - University of Toronto. London, Folk-lore Society.
  5. ↑ Jacobs, Joseph; Nutt, Alfred Trübner; Wright, Arthur Robinson; Crooke, William (1913). Folklore. Folklore Society.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Devi, Dr Yumlembam Gopi. Glimpses of Manipuri Culture. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-359-72919-7.
  7. ↑ "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Thum". uchicago.edu. 2006.
  8. ↑ "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Leima". uchicago.edu. 2006.
  9. ↑ "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Khong". uchicago.edu. 2006.
  10. ↑ "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Thum+Khong". uchicago.edu. 2006.
  11. ↑ "Learners' Manipuri-English dictionary.Lairembi". uchicago.edu. 2006.
  12. ↑ Singh, L. Bhagyachandra (1991). A Critical Study Of The Religious Philosophy. p. 73.
  13. ↑ "Laihui Ensemble Manipur – Phou-oibi, the Rice Goddess to perform at Esplanade Theatre Studio Singapore". www.manipur.org.
  14. ↑ "Phou-Oibi, the Rice Goddess by Laihui Ensemble". sgmagazine.com.
  15. ↑ "Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar : 01st apr17 ~ E-Pao! Headlines". e-pao.net.
  16. ↑ "Phouoibi Shayon to be shown at Shankar – Manipur News".
  17. ↑ Gurumayum, Maheshwar. "Film Release - Imphal Times". www.imphaltimes.com.

Other websites[edit | edit source]


Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thumleima&oldid=306608"
Discover more