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Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on [[Titanium]], Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, [[Limestone]], [[Granite]] and [[Bauxite]].<ref>[http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm Tamil Nadu Mining]</ref> The first one is the [[Neyveli Lignite Corporation]] that has led development of large industrial complex around [[Neyveli]] in [[Cuddalore]] district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore [[Kanjamalai]]. [[Molybdenum]] is found in [[Dharmapuri]], and is the only source in the country.
Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on [[Titanium]], Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, [[Limestone]], [[Granite]] and [[Bauxite]].<ref>[http://www.tnmine.tn.nic.in/TN-Mining.htm Tamil Nadu Mining]</ref> The first one is the [[Neyveli Lignite Corporation]] that has led development of large industrial complex around [[Neyveli]] in [[Cuddalore]] district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]] apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore [[Kanjamalai]]. [[Molybdenum]] is found in [[Dharmapuri]], and is the only source in the country.
==Energy==
Tamil Nadu, being an industrialized and urbanized state, is among the top 3 states with respect to generation of electricity. The total installed capacity of Tamil Nadu stands at around 30200 MW as in September 2018, that derives 11500 MW of power from solar and wind energy. Tamil Nadu has the distinction of being the leader in [[renewable energy in India]] by adopting clean sources of energy and having established wind farms as early as 1995. Today it produces more wind power than Denmark and the Netherlands.
=== Wind energy ===
The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Tamil Nadu government promoting renewable energy sources and energy conservation activities. The agency has largely been responsible for instigating the tremendous growth of Tamil Nadu in the development of wind power.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.renewingindia.org/news1/news1_wind_teda.html|title=TEDA catalyses renewable energy sector growth in Tamil Nadu|access-date=28 October 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928160622/http://www.renewingindia.org/news1/news1_wind_teda.html|archive-date=28 September 2006|url-status=dead}}</ref> The total installed capacity of windmills in Tamil Nadu totals to around 8700MW. [[Muppandal wind farm]] is a [[renewable energy]] source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.<ref name="tve">{{cite web
|date        = February 2005
|url        = http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1678&lang=English
|title      = Tapping the Wind – India
|access-date  = 28 October 2006
|url-status    = dead
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20070221054946/http://www.tve.org/ho/doc.cfm?aid=1678&lang=English
|archive-date = 21 February 2007
|df          = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|last =  Watts
|first = Himangshu
| date =11 November 2003
|url=http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/22758/story.htm
|title=Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village
|publisher=Reuters News Service
|access-date=28 October 2006
}}</ref> Wind farms were built in [[Nagercoil]] and [[Tuticorin]] apart from already existing ones around [[Coimbatore]], [[Pollachi]], [[Dharapuram]], [[Kangeyam]] and [[Udumalaipettai]].
===Solar===
In March 2008, [[Signet Solar]] Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.signetsolar.com|title=Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page|publisher=Signetsolar.com|access-date=16 November 2012}}</ref> signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the State government to build a INR 20 billion [[thin film|thin-film]] [[silicon]] [[photovoltaic module]] manufacturing plant in the [[Sriperumbudur]] [[Special Economic Zone]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.thaindian.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523155811/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/signet-solar-to-invest-rs20-bn-in-tamil-nadu_10028378.html |archive-date=23 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In June 2008, [[Moser Baer]] inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the [[Oragadam]] [[Special Economic Zone]] which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/10/stories/2008061053460400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107065523/http://www.hindu.com/2008/06/10/stories/2008061053460400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2012|title=Moser Baer signs MoU with State on setting up photovoltaic plant|date=10 June 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
===Nuclear===
The [[Kalpakkam]] Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, [[Neyveli]] Lignite Power Plant, [[Virudhachalam]] Ceramics and the [[Narimanam]] Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the [[Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant]] to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources some of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. Tamil Nadu is facing largest power shortage since 2013 (34.1% deficit), the highest in the country, due to industrialization over the last decade.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Tamil-Nadu-faces-largest-power-shortfall-this-year-Report/articleshow/22303195.cms | work=The Times of India | title=Tamil Nadu faces largest power shortfall this year: Report – The Times of India}}</ref> India's leading steel producer [[Steel Authority of India Limited|SAIL]] has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu.<ref name="SAIL">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sail.co.in/plant_special_salem.asp |title=SAIL Plant |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230024933/http://www.sail.co.in/plant_special_salem.asp |archive-date=30 December 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tamil Nadu ranks [[States of India by installed power capacity|first nationwide]] in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.
===Hydroelectric===
The [[Mettur Dam]] is one of the largest dams in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large [[Mettur Dam]]. [[Mettur]] has a number of industries (50&nbsp;km from Salem city): SISCOL,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Southern Iron And Steel Company Limited, Pottaneri-m, Kalipatti Vi...|url=https://in.kompass.com/c/southern-iron-and-steel-company-limited/in088831/|access-date=2021-09-06|website=in.kompass.com}}</ref> MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by [[Vedanta Resources]]), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals),<ref name="Chemplast">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sanmargroup.com/chemicma.htm |title=Chemplast Sanmar Ltd |access-date=10 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112044959/http://www.sanmargroup.com/chemicma.htm |archive-date=12 November 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the [[Vaigai Dam]].
===Bio-diesel===
Tamil Nadu at this time is the only state to have a formal Bio-Diesel Policy to use [[Jatropha incentives in India|jatropha crops]] as a source of biofuel and to distribute wasteland to the poor farmers for the planting of these crops.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.indutourismnews.com/
|title=Clean Green Energy from Tamil Nadu, India
|access-date=15 November 2006
}}</ref>

Revision as of 14:44, 2 March 2022


Economy of Tamilnadu
Chennai Kathipara bridge.jpg
Statistics
GDP₹19.7 Trillion (US$298 billion) (2020-2021)
GDP rank2nd
GDP by sector
Agriculture: 13%
Industry: 34%
Services: 53% (2017–18)[1]
Population below poverty line
Template:Decreasepositive 4.3% in poverty (2020–21)[2]
Increase 0.709 high (2019) (11th)
UnemploymentPositive decrease 1.1% (Nov 2020)[3]
External
Exports₹3.63 lakh crore (US$42 billion) (2019–20)
Export goods
Automobiles,[4] Mobile phone,[5] Software, Missile defense, Electronics, Telecommunications equipment,[6] Armaments,[7] Locomotives,[8] Ships, Machinery, Steel, Aluminium, Transportation equipment,[9] tyres, Textiles, Footwear, Leather, Chemicals, Cement, Plastics, Toys, Food processing, Seafood, Vegetables, Fruits, Tea and Coffee
Main export partners
 Australia[10]
FDI stock
₹28,049 crore (US$3.2 billion) (2017–18)[11]
Public finances
23% of GSDP (2019–20 est.)[1]
₹454,176 crore (US$52 billion) (2.56% of GSDP) (2019–20 est.)[1]
Revenues₹2.98 lakh crore (US$34 billion) (2020–21 est.)[1]
Expenses₹3.01 lakh crore (US$35 billion) (2020–21 est.)[1]
Stats about Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu – India's Economic Powerhouse.
Tamil Nadu's Contribution to India's Industrial Output
Strategic Location of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu strong Social and educational Infrastructure.
Tamil Nadu Rankings
Tamil Nadu Statistics

Tamil Nadu is the second richest[12] and wealthiest state in the Indian union by GDP[13] and is the most industrialised state in the country. More than 60% of the state is urbanized, accounting around 10.6% of the urban population in the country, while only comprising 6% of India's total population. Services contributes to 55% of the economic activity in the state, followed by manufacturing at 34% and agriculture at 11%. Government is the major investor in the state, with 52% of total investments, followed by private Indian investors at 29.9% and foreign private investors at 14.9%. It has been ranked as the most economically free state in India by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India.[14]

Tamil Nadu – Automobile Hub of India
Textile industry in Tamil Nadu
Tirupur – India's Knitting City
Electronic Hardware Sector in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu – Leather Hub of India.
Sivakasi – Fireworks Hub of India
Tamil Nadu Service Sector

Macroeconomic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Tamil Nadu at market prices estimated in Indian rupees.

Year Gross state domestic product USD Rate Appreciated
1960 ₹1,112 crore (US$130 million)
1970 ₹2,371 crore (US$270 million)
1980 ₹8,081 crore (US$930 million)
1990 ₹31,339 crore (US$3.6 billion)
2000 ₹146,796 crore (US$17 billion)
2010 ₹584,896 crore (US$67 billion)
2020 ₹20.54 lakh crore (US$290 billion)

Agriculture and livestock

Paddy fields in Kanyakumari District

Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state, while its advances in other fields transformed the state into being an industrialized and innovation based economy, leading to competition for land and its resources. Agriculture is heavily dependent on the river water and monsoon rains. The perennial rivers are Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, Kaveri, Meyar, Bhavani, Amaravathi, Vaigai, Chittar and Tamaraparani. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, Noyyal, Suruli, Siruvani, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is the highest producer of bananas and coconuts in the whole country. It is also a leading state in production of other crops such as sugarcane, cotton, kambu, corn, rye, groundnut and oil seeds. At present, Tamil Nadu is India's 4th largest producer of rice behind West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab[15][16] Tamil Nadu is the home to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, known as the "father of the Green Revolution" in India.[17] The state is one of the major producers of turmeric in India.

Given below is a table of 2015–16 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices[18]

Segment National Share %
Drumstick 98.0
Tapioca 44.4
Floriculture 16.5
Gooseberry 18
Coconut 29.1
Tamarind 25.3
Meat 7.5
Turmeric 14.6
Banana 19.4
Ragi 17.8
Horsegram 17.5
Sapota 17.4
Urd 14.7
Groundnut 14.2
Cucumber 12.6
Maize 12.3
Egg 12.2
Carrot 12.1
Marine fish 11.8
Gur 11.6
Water melon 11.4
Jackfruit 10.9
Jowar 10.6
Tea 8.5
Cocoa 8.2
Moong 7.9
Oilseed 7.7
Papaya 7.4
Paddy 6.9
Bean 6.7
Fruit and vegetable 6.3
Sugarcane 6.1
Mango 5.8
Bitter gourd 5.6
Pear 5.3
Sericulture and Apiculture 5.3

Mining

This is a chart of proven reserves of major minerals of Tamil Nadu[19] in 2001 by Department of Geology and Mining with figures in tonnes.

Mineral Reserve National Share %
Lignite 30,275,000 87
Vermiculite 2,000,000 66
Garnet 23,000,000 42
Zircon 8,000,000 38
Graphite 2,000,000 33
Ilmenite 98,000,000 28
Rutile 5,000,000 27
Monazite 2,000,000 25
Magnesite 73,000,000 17

Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on Titanium, Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, Limestone, Granite and Bauxite.[20] The first one is the Neyveli Lignite Corporation that has led development of large industrial complex around Neyveli in Cuddalore district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO2) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at Salem apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore Kanjamalai. Molybdenum is found in Dharmapuri, and is the only source in the country.

Energy

Tamil Nadu, being an industrialized and urbanized state, is among the top 3 states with respect to generation of electricity. The total installed capacity of Tamil Nadu stands at around 30200 MW as in September 2018, that derives 11500 MW of power from solar and wind energy. Tamil Nadu has the distinction of being the leader in renewable energy in India by adopting clean sources of energy and having established wind farms as early as 1995. Today it produces more wind power than Denmark and the Netherlands.

Wind energy

The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Tamil Nadu government promoting renewable energy sources and energy conservation activities. The agency has largely been responsible for instigating the tremendous growth of Tamil Nadu in the development of wind power.[21] The total installed capacity of windmills in Tamil Nadu totals to around 8700MW. Muppandal wind farm is a renewable energy source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.[22][23] Wind farms were built in Nagercoil and Tuticorin apart from already existing ones around Coimbatore, Pollachi, Dharapuram, Kangeyam and Udumalaipettai.

Solar

In March 2008, Signet Solar Inc.[24] signed a memorandum of understanding with the State government to build a INR 20 billion thin-film silicon photovoltaic module manufacturing plant in the Sriperumbudur Special Economic Zone.[25] In June 2008, Moser Baer inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the Oragadam Special Economic Zone which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.[26]

Nuclear

The Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, Neyveli Lignite Power Plant, Virudhachalam Ceramics and the Narimanam Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources some of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. Tamil Nadu is facing largest power shortage since 2013 (34.1% deficit), the highest in the country, due to industrialization over the last decade.[27] India's leading steel producer SAIL has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu.[28] Tamil Nadu ranks first nationwide in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.

Hydroelectric

The Mettur Dam is one of the largest dams in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large Mettur Dam. Mettur has a number of industries (50 km from Salem city): SISCOL,[29] MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by Vedanta Resources), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals),[30] Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the Vaigai Dam.

Bio-diesel

Tamil Nadu at this time is the only state to have a formal Bio-Diesel Policy to use jatropha crops as a source of biofuel and to distribute wasteland to the poor farmers for the planting of these crops.[31]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Tamil Nadu Budget Analysis 2019–20". PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  2. ↑ "SDGs India Index". NITI Aayog. 31 December 2019.
  3. ↑ "Unemployment Rate in India". Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. p. 1. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  4. ↑ Simhan, TE Raja. "Chennai Port takes lead in wooing Kia Motors". @businessline.
  5. ↑ "India may become the second largest smartphone market: Xiaomi's Raghu Reddy". The Economic Times.
  6. ↑ "Nokia Siemens to expand Chennai facility". The Hindu. 9 August 2011 – via www.thehindu.com.
  7. ↑ "Ashok Leyland looking at Rs 5,100 crore revenue from defence exports".
  8. ↑ "Indian Railways to export six DMU train sets to Sri Lanka". www.cnbctv18.com. 11 July 2018.
  9. ↑ Market, Capital (10 July 2018). "Steel Strips Wheels bags its largest export order for US truck & trailer aftermarket". Business Standard India – via Business Standard.
  10. ↑ Suneja, Kirtika. "Australian exports to India to grow to $45 bn in 20 years, FDI to $100 bn, says report". The Economic Times.
  11. ↑ "Whopping 300% FDI inflow growth in this non-BJP state; here's list of other top performing states". 12 July 2018.
  12. ↑ https://indiaunfold.com/top-10-richest-states-in-india/
  13. ↑ "GDP of Indian states - StatisticsTimes.com". m.statisticstimes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
  14. ↑ "Indian States by Economic Freedom - StatisticsTimes.com". statisticstimes.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  15. ↑ "Top 10 Largest Rice Producing States in India 2018 – Bizvibe Blog". www.bizvibe.com. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
  16. ↑ "Government Policy Notes".
  17. ↑ "M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation".
  18. ↑ "2015 agricultural output of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices" (PDF).
  19. ↑ "An overview of Mineral Reserves". Government of Tamil Nada. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
  20. ↑ Tamil Nadu Mining
  21. ↑ "TEDA catalyses renewable energy sector growth in Tamil Nadu". Archived from the original on 28 September 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  22. ↑ "Tapping the Wind – India". February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  23. ↑ Watts, Himangshu (11 November 2003). "Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village". Reuters News Service. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  24. ↑ "Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page". Signetsolar.com. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  25. ↑ "Archived copy". www.thaindian.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  26. ↑ "Moser Baer signs MoU with State on setting up photovoltaic plant". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 10 June 2008. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012.
  27. ↑ "Tamil Nadu faces largest power shortfall this year: Report – The Times of India". The Times of India.
  28. ↑ "SAIL Plant". Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2006.
  29. ↑ "Southern Iron And Steel Company Limited, Pottaneri-m, Kalipatti Vi..." in.kompass.com. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
  30. ↑ "Chemplast Sanmar Ltd". Archived from the original on 12 November 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2006.
  31. ↑ "Clean Green Energy from Tamil Nadu, India". Retrieved 15 November 2006.
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