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{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox political party
| name               = Communist Consolidation
| name             = Communist Consolidation
| motto              = To Independent Motherland [[India]]
| colorcode        = Red
| founded            = {{start date and years ago|26th April 1935|df=yes}}
| foundation      = {{start date and years ago|26th April 1935|df=yes}} at [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]], [[Cellular Jail]]
| founder            = [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| ideology        = {{ubl|[[Indian nationalism]]|[[Communism]]|[[Marxism–Leninism]]}}
| dissolved          = 15th August 1947
| headquarters     = [[Cellular Jail]], [[Port Blair]], [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], (upto 1947)
| type                = [[Communist Party|Communist organization]]
| country          = India
| purpose            = [[Revolution]]
| founder         = [[Hare Krishna Konar]]
| headquarters       = [[Cellular Jail]] (upto 1947)
| dissolved       = {{end date|15th August 1947|df=yes}}
| location            = [[Port Blair]], [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]]
| colors          = {{color box|red}} [[Red]]
| methods            = Rebel
| merged          = [[Communist Party of India]]
| membership         = {{increase}} 1 lack (1940)
| newspaper        = "The Call"
| leader_title       = Ideologies
| membership      = {{increase}} 800 (1936)
| leader_name        = [[Nationalism]]<br>[[Communism]]<br>[[Marxism]]<br>[[Socialism]]
| position        = [[Left-wing politics|Left-wing]]
| key_people          = {{ubl|[[Batukeshwar Dutt]]
| slogan          = "[[Inquilab Zindabad]]"<br/>"[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho]]"
|[[Shiv Verma]]
|[[Niranjan Sengupta]]
|[[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
|[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]
|[[Jatindra Nath Das]]}}
}}
}}
'''Communist Consolidation''' (26 April 1935 – 15 August 1947) was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] and [[Communism|communist]] organization, formed among the prisoners of [[Andaman Islands|Andaman]] [[Cellular Jail]] in 26th of april 1935. It was the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the [[Cellular Jail|Cellular]] Prison. Many legendary [[Freedom fighter|Freedom Fighter]]s was the Members of this [[Organization]] and this organization was towards to uproot the [[British Raj|British rule]] from [[India|INDIA]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Bandi Jeevan|publisher=[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]|date=1 January 2017|isbn=8184408978|language=Hindi}}</ref>
{{Anushilan Samiti}}


==History==
'''Communist Consolidation''' (26 April 1935{{snd}}15 August 1947) was an [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] and [[Communism|communist]] organization, formed among the prisoners of the [[Cellular Jail]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] on 26 April 1935. It was the largest resistance group against [[British Raj|British rule]] in the Cellular Jail, and the historical 36-day [[hunger strike]] in 1937 was led by this organization. Many legendary [[freedom fighter]]s were members of this [[organization]], which had the goals of uprooting British rule and creating a communist [[India]].<ref name="sanyal">{{Cite book|last=Sanyal|first=Sachindranath|title=Bandi Jeevan|date=2017-01-01|publisher=[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]|year=2017|isbn=8184408978|language=Hindi}}</ref>
The group was founded by 39 inmates later the group declared allegiance to the [[Communist Party of India]]. Its founders belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] part of the [[Anushilan Samiti]]. The historic 36-day hunger strike with 187 political prisoners in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]] [[Cellular Jail]] in July 1937 was led by the '''Communist Consolidation'''.<ref name=":0"/>
[[File:Andaman Cellular Jail (1).jpg|thumb|In 2001, Guardian had an article describing Cellular Jail and [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh's]] death at this dreaded [[Cellular Jail|Jail]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2001-06-23|title=Survivors of our hell|url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2001/jun/23/weekend.adrianlevy|access-date=2022-01-26|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref>]]
Narayan Ray, [[Niranjan Sengupta]] and the consolidation's Lahore group smuggled most of the [[Communism|communist]] and [[Socialism|socialist]] literature inside the [[prison]]. The leaders of the group organized study circles, where the principles of [[Socialism]] and [[Communism]] were studied.
[[File:What a man writes in a post.jpg|thumb|A social media post in 2017]]
[[Hare Krishna Konar]], [[Dhanwantri]], [[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]], [[Batukeshwar Dutt]], Bankeshwar, Narayan Roy and [[Niranjan Sengupta]] were appointed to the editorial board of a [[manuscript]] paper called "The Call", which they published from [[Cellular Jail]]. "The Call" began as a monthly [[paper]]. The members of the [[Consolidation]] [[Committee]] contributed articles on various issues related to [[Class conflict|class struggle]]. Only one copy of that one and a half hundred handwritten pages was kept in the library.


[[May Day]], [[October Revolution|November Revolution]], etc. were celebrated with due dignity in prison. [[Nationalism|Nationalist slogans]] like [[Bande Mataram (publication)|Bandemataram]], [[Bharat Mata|Bharat mata ki jai]] etc. were never used, instead slogans of class struggle like “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]”, “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho]]”, etc. Were the first choice of the [[prisoner]]s.
==History (Before 1935)==
[[File:Andaman Cellular Jail (2).jpg|thumb|[[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|Savarkar]] was 28 when he set foot on [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman]] on July 4th 1911.
The history of Communist Consolidation is older than, when the group was formed in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of [[Cellular Jail]] gathered and started a [[hunger strike]], causing the deaths of [[Mahavir Singh (revolutionary)|Mahavir Singh]], [[Mohan Kishore Namadas]], and [[Mohit Moitra]]. The [[British Raj]] acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike and finally after 46 days hunger strike end on 26 June 1933.


No one else in [[Cellular Jail]] submitted to the [[British Empire|British]] like [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|Savarkar]] did.]]
== Formation in 1935 ==
'''Khushi Ram Mehta, a nationalist prisoner, not sympathetic to the revolutionary group, betrayed other prisoners in way proving his loyalty to the monarchy by reporting to the Intelligence Bureau; He reports:'''
In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was [[Hare Krishna Konar]]. The maximum of its founders belong to the minority tendency of the [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[Communism|Communist]] or [[Jugantar]] part of [[Anushilan Samiti]]. Although this was a secret revolutionary group and the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.<ref name="majumdar">{{Cite book|last=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|title=Penal Settlement in Andamans|publisher=Government of India|year=1975|location=Delhi|pages=339|language=English}}</ref><ref name="acjhistory" />
{{blockquote|“Finally, the control of the library passed into the hands of the terrorists. This was about the year 1935. The prisoners spent most of their time in reading communist or socialist literature with the result that there was hardly any left who had not been become a confirmed Communist or Socialist.”<ref>{{Cite web|last=ahmed|first=zubair|title=Cellular Jail: Stories of Clemency and Betrayal|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/newsdetail/index/2/15951/cellular-jail-stories-of-clemency-and-betrayal|access-date=2022-01-13|website=www.thecitizen.in|language=en-US}}</ref>}}


==Membership==
They started a study circle named ''"A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters"'' and this group also started to teach about the principles of [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]] and [[Communism]] were explained, how [[October Revolution]] happened who was [[Karl Marx]], [[Friedrich Engels]] and finally in year 1936 the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot [[British Raj]] as well as to make the country totally [[Communism|Communist]] [[India|Country]].<ref name="acjhistory">{{Cite web|date=|title=History of Andaman Cellular Jail|url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm|archive-date=2007-01-13|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Andaman Cellular Jail}}</ref> [[File:What a man writes in a post.jpg|thumb|A social media post in 2017]]
The organization's membership expanded rapidly to more than 500 inmates. ''By 1940 the membership had grown to over 1 lack.''
 
They only used the [[Class conflict|Class Struggle]] and [[Political slogan|Political Slogan]] “The “[[Inquilab Zindabad]]” and “[[Workers of the world, unite!|Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho]]” because they claimed that at first they were [[Nationalism|Nationalist]] [[Prisoner|Prisoners]] but after the formation of Communist Consolidation and reading about the principal of  [[Socialism]], [[Marxism]] and [[Communism]] they started believing themself as a [[Politics|Political]] [[Prisoner|Prisoners]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saha|first=Murari Mohan|title=Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party|publisher=Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society|year=2001|location=Agartala|pages=21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-03-11|title=The legend who survived Saaza-E-Kaalapani|url=http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27|archive-date=2007-03-11|access-date=2022-02-10|website=www.tripurainfo.com}}</ref>
[[File:Andaman Cellular Jail (2).jpg|thumb]]
 
==Second Hunger Strike==
The Second [[Hunger strike|Hunger Strike]] was done under the Leadership of Communist Consolidation.
 
== Members ==
The organization's membership expanded rapidly to more than 800 inmates.


Some of the members were:
Some of the members were:
*[[Hare Krishna Konar]], Founder of this organization, in 1935
*[[Hare Krishna Konar]], Founder of this organization, on April 1935<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Revolutionaries: Section 'K'|url=http://www.andamancellularjail.org/K1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714121042/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/K1.htm|archive-date=2006-07-14|access-date=2022-02-10|website=Andaman Cellular Jail}}</ref>
*[[Niranjan Sengupta]]
*[[Niranjan Sengupta]]
*[[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
*[[Sudhangshu Dasgupta]]
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*[[Shiv Verma]]
*[[Shiv Verma]]
*[[Ganesh Ghosh]]
*[[Ganesh Ghosh]]
*[[Batukeshwar Dutt]]
*[[Batukeshwar Dutt]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-05-03|title=Revolutionaries: Section 'D'|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503013636/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/D1.htm|access-date=2022-02-10|website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
*[[Jaidev Kapoor]]
*[[Jaidev Kapoor]]
*[[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
*[[Ambika Chakrabarty]]
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*[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]
*[[Sachindra Nath Sanyal]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060517111941/http://www.uttarpara.com/people/dhrubesh.htm Biplabi Dhruvesh Chattopadhyay]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060517111941/http://www.uttarpara.com/people/dhrubesh.htm Biplabi Dhruvesh Chattopadhyay]
*Ananta Chakroborty
*[http://radhikaranjan.blogspot.com/2013/04/ananta-kumar-chakraborty-bholada-1901.html?m=1 Ananta Chakroborty]
*[[Subodh Roy]]
*[[Subodh Roy]]
*[[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
*[[Bejoy Kumar Sinha]]
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*Fakir Sen
*Fakir Sen
*[[Manmath Nath Gupta]]
*[[Manmath Nath Gupta]]
'''Most of the inmates of the [[Cellular Jail]] were members of the Communist Consolidation from [[Anushilan Samiti]] comprising [[Communism|Communist]] revolutionaries of undivided [[Bengal]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].'''
[[File:Sitaram Y has said.jpg|thumb|[[Sitaram Yechury]] says in [[Rajya Sabha]] in 2017.]]


==References==
== See also ==
{{Portal|India|Communism|Socialism}}
* [[Cellular Jail]]
* [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
* [[Indian independence movement]]
* [[Communist Party of India]]
* [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
 
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* Saha, Murari Mohan (ed.), ''Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party: Volume One 1938–1947''. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society, 2001. p21
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070113111037/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/History.htm |title=Andaman Cellular Jail |date=2007-01-13}}, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503013636/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/D1.htm], [https://web.archive.org/web/20060714121900/http://www.andamancellularjail.org/C1.htm]
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311111509/http://tripurainfo.com/cgi-bin/news/display.cgi?MODE=ShowDetails&ID=27 |title=Tripurainfo.com |date=2007-03-11}}
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311010828/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1915/19150780.htm Frontline: Tale of Two Bhagat Singhs]}}
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526005520/http://www.ganashakti.com/archive/hkonar.htm |title=Ganashakti, Remembrance: Harekrishna Konar |date=2006-05-26}}
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090409220902/http://cpim.org/misc/1997_pd_shivverma_hks.htm |title=People's Democracy: Comrade Shiv Verma |date=2009-04-09}}


{{Indian Independence Movement}}{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}}
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1935]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1935]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence]]
[[Category:Organisations of Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Indian independence movement]]
[[Category:Communism in India]]
[[Category:Communist organizations]]
[[Category:Communist organisations in India]]
[[Category:History of socialism]]
[[Category:Left-wing politics in India]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Defunct communist parties in India]]
[[Category:Socialism in India]]
[[Category:Leftist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Socialist organisations in India]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Politics of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1935]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties with year of disestablishment missing]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India]]

Revision as of 21:43, 22 February 2022



Communist Consolidation
FounderHare Krishna Konar
Founded26th April 1935; 90 years ago (26th April 1935) at Andaman, Cellular Jail
Dissolved15th August 1947 (15th August 1947)
Merged intoCommunist Party of India
HeadquartersCellular Jail, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, (upto 1947)
Newspaper"The Call"
MembershipIncrease 800 (1936)
Ideology
Political positionLeft-wing
Colors  Red
Slogan"Inquilab Zindabad"
"Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho"
Anushilan Samiti
Anushilan samiti symbol.jpg
Influence
List
Anushilan Samiti
List
Notable events
List
Related topics
List

Communist Consolidation (26 April 1935 – 15 August 1947) was an Indian independence and communist organization, formed among the prisoners of the Cellular Jail in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands on 26 April 1935. It was the largest resistance group against British rule in the Cellular Jail, and the historical 36-day hunger strike in 1937 was led by this organization. Many legendary freedom fighters were members of this organization, which had the goals of uprooting British rule and creating a communist India.[1]

History (Before 1935)

The history of Communist Consolidation is older than, when the group was formed in 1935. On 12 May 1933, some of the prisoners of Cellular Jail gathered and started a hunger strike, causing the deaths of Mahavir Singh, Mohan Kishore Namadas, and Mohit Moitra. The British Raj acceded to the demands of the freedom fighters to stop the hunger strike and finally after 46 days hunger strike end on 26 June 1933.

Formation in 1935

In 1935, Communist Consolidation was founded by 39 inmates, but the main mastermind to form this group was Hare Krishna Konar. The maximum of its founders belong to the minority tendency of the Marxist and Communist or Jugantar part of Anushilan Samiti. Although this was a secret revolutionary group and the members of this organization swelled higher and higher.[2][3]

They started a study circle named "A Veritable University of Freedom Fighters" and this group also started to teach about the principles of Socialism, Marxism and Communism were explained, how October Revolution happened who was Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and finally in year 1936 the members of this organization claimed that they were fighting to uproot British Raj as well as to make the country totally Communist Country.[3]

File:What a man writes in a post.jpg
A social media post in 2017

They only used the Class Struggle and Political Slogan “The “Inquilab Zindabad” and “Duniya ke Mazdooron ek ho” because they claimed that at first they were Nationalist Prisoners but after the formation of Communist Consolidation and reading about the principal of Socialism, Marxism and Communism they started believing themself as a Political Prisoners.[4][5]

File:Andaman Cellular Jail (2).jpg

Second Hunger Strike

The Second Hunger Strike was done under the Leadership of Communist Consolidation.

Members

The organization's membership expanded rapidly to more than 800 inmates.

Some of the members were:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sanyal, Sachindranath (1 January 2017). Bandi Jeevan (in Hindi). Sachindra Nath Sanyal. ISBN 8184408978.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ↑ Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1975). Penal Settlement in Andamans. Delhi: Government of India. p. 339.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "History of Andaman Cellular Jail". Andaman Cellular Jail. Archived from the original on 13 January 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  4. ↑ Saha, Murari Mohan (2001). Documents of the Revolutionary Socialist Party. Agartala: Lokayata Chetana Bikash Society. p. 21.
  5. ↑ "The legend who survived Saaza-E-Kaalapani". www.tripurainfo.com. 11 March 2007. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  6. ↑ "Revolutionaries: Section 'K'". Andaman Cellular Jail. Archived from the original on 14 July 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  7. ↑ "Revolutionaries: Section 'D'". web.archive.org. 3 May 2006. Retrieved 10 February 2022.

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