Jeghema Tumi | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Lampung (historical) | |
| Languages | |
| Tumi (possibility) Sanskrit | |
| Religion | |
| Animism, dynamism (up to 3rd century) Hindu style (3rd to 12th century) Islam (after 13th century)[1] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Tamil (believed to be the origin of the Tumi people) Lampung (believed to be descendants of the Tumi people) Kenyangan and Nekhima (two other tribes that inhabit Mount Pesagi) |
Tumi (Lampung: Jeghema Tumi) is ancient tribe who are believed to be the ancestors of today's Lampung people. The Tumi people probably came from South India who came to Nusantara several millennia BC. The Tumi tribe used to live in the area around the slopes of Mount Pesagi and Lake Ranau in West Lampung Regency.[2]
Etymology[edit | edit source]
According to Ahmad Safei, Saibatin Paksian Buay Belunguh, the name "Tumi" comes from the word Tamil which is a ethnic group who inhabits southern India and it is believed that the Tumi people are part of the Tamil people who inhabited the former Lampung area.[3]
History[edit | edit source]
From the results of deliberations conducted by the descendants of Kepaksian Sekala Brak in 2001, recognized La Laula as the kingdom's first king since the early 3rd century AD. La Laula is not native, he and his followers arrived in Sekala Brak from the mainland Indochina (between present-day Vietnam and Cambodia) in the early 3rd century AD by canoe. Even so, the Sekala Brak Deed confirms the existence of the Tumi tribe that existed before the arrival of La Laula who founded the Sekala Brak.[4]
La Laula arrived in a land filled with sekala trees where, there lived an community entity known as the Tumi people. The Tumi tribe felt pressured by the presence of La Laula, who gradually succeeded in attracting followers from the local community. After going through a long battle, La Laula and his followers succeeded in conquering the Tumi tribe and proclaiming themselves as the first King of Kepaksian Sekala Brak. According to Prof. Dr. Sujarwo, it was explained that there are two tribes who live on the top of Mount Pesagi who have a different attitude from the Tumi tribe, these two tribes are groups that open themselves to the influx of Islamic teachings, namely the Kenyangan and Nekhima tribes.[5]
Culture[edit | edit source]
Lampung culture cannot be separated from two things, namely the existence of the Tumi tribe on Mount Pesagi and the arrival of Islamic propagators under the orders of Ratu Ngelang Paksi and her four sons, namely Umpu Belunguh, Umpu Bejalan Diwai, Umpu Pernong, and Umpu Nyerupa.[6] The Tumi people who are Bhairava Hindus come with a set of customs and culture. The Tumi tribe was then defeated by the umpu who also brought customs and culture originating from Islamic teachings.[7] The four umpu who defeated Ratu Sekekhumong, the last leader of the Tumi tribe, like the Walisongo in Java Island, the spread of Islam in Lampung was carried out by acculturating pre-existing cultures.[8] The people of the Tumi tribe, who at that time had not embraced Islam, chose to flee to the coast or cross to Java Island and some others fled to the Lesser Sunda Islands.[9]
Language[edit | edit source]
| Tumi | |
|---|---|
| Region | Around the area Mount Pesagi and Lake Ranau |
| Ethnicity | Tumi |
| Extinct | c. 13th century[5] |
Unattested (possibly including Proto-Austronesian language) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
The Tumi is the ancient language which was probably previously used by Tumi tribe besides Sanskrit.[5] This language is thought to have become extinct in the 13th century after the entry of Islam to southern Sumatra and the assimilation of the Tumi tribe with other ethnic groups who currently form the Lampung people who speak the Lampung language.[5]
Religion[edit | edit source]
In books Sejarah Daerah Lampung (1997), It was stated that previously the Tumi people still adhered to animism or dynamism beliefs before the arrival of Hindu religion from mainland India since the 3rd century AD. Some groups of people from this tribe do not want to accept Islam as their religion because some of them do not accept teachings about human origins and claim that they are not descendants of Adam, but there were three daughters from the tribe who later married the umpu spreaders of Islam.[5] According to them, God sent them down through a person named Ratu Pesagi who was already on Mount Pesagi.[5]
Relics[edit | edit source]
The existence of Keaksian Sekala Brak inhabited by the Tumi tribe is evidenced by the discovery of a number of relics, such as inscription, stones, footprints, ceremonial altar, up to a place for execution called batu kepampang (kepampang stone).[10] Louis-Charles Damais (1995) in Epigrafi dan Sejarah Nusantara, concluded that the inscription was a relic of the Kepaksian Sekala Brak in the era of the Tumi tribe.[11]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Perdiansyah, Asep (2022-10-30). "Mengenal Asal Usul Ulun Lampung" [Know the Origin of Ulun Lampung]. VIVA.co.id (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Sejarah Tentang Suku Tumi dan Kerajaan Sekala Brak". IdentikPos.com. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Kerajaan Paksi Pak Sekala Brak". www.medinaslampungnews.co.id (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ Rais, Yus Sutan (2018-08-14). "4 Umpu Sekala Brak Lampung 'Anak Raja Pagaruyung Minangkabau'". Metropolis (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Sudjarwo, Prof. Dr. KPL Menjawab Sejarah (in Bahasa Indonesia) (1 ed.). Lampung: Masa Kini Mandiri. p. 13. ISBN 9786025270529.
- ↑ Jukichan Berkata. "Nenek Moyang Orang Margakaya". Pringsewu Site. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ Raditya, Iswara N. "Mengenal Kerajaan Sekala Brak sebagai Leluhur Lampung". Tirto (in Bahasa Indonesia). Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Sekura Topeng 1000 Wajah". MediaNasional.id (in Bahasa Indonesia). 2020-06-01. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ "Jejak Islam Di Tanah Sang Bumi Ruwai Jurai Lampung". Arrahim.ID. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ Pena, Redaksi (2019-05-03). "Selayang Pandang Tentang Kerajaan Sekala Brak Ranji Pasai - Portal Pena Berlian". Penaberlian.com. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
- ↑ Rustam Renaldy. "Cikal Bakal Suku Lampung dalam Sejarah Singkat Kerajaan Sekala Brak". Sekitarlampung.com. Retrieved 2023-08-07.