Infobox tin

	child table, as reused in {IB-Sn} Template:V
Main isotopes of Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-name
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Tin, ₅₀Sn
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Tin
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Allotropes	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope
Tin in the periodic table
	Template:Infobox element/periodic table
Atomic number (Z)	50
Group	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-group
Period	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-period
Block	Template:Infobox element/block format
Electron configuration	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STP	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase
Melting point	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
Boiling point	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	white (β): 7.289 g/cm3; gray (α): 5.770 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.99 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white (β): 7.03 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	white (β): 296.1 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.112 J/(mol·K)
	Vapor pressureTemplate:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Element-symbol-to-oxidation-state-data
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.96
Ionization energies	1st: 708.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1411.8 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2943.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
	Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence
Crystal structure	white (β): Template:Infobox element/crystal structure (tI4)
Lattice constants	Template:Infobox element/crystal structurewhite (β):; a = 583.13 pm; c = 318.11 pm; (at 20 °C)
Crystal structure	gray (α): Template:Infobox element/crystal structure (cF8)
Lattice constant	Template:Infobox element/crystal structuregray (α):; a = 648.96 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	white (β): 21.76×10−6/K (at 20 °C)< ; gray (α): 5.20×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	66.8 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	115 nΩ⋅m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	white (β): paramagnetic; gray (α): diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	white (β): +3.1×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	2730 m/s (at r.t.) (rolled)
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	50–440 MPa
CAS Number	7440-31-5
History
Naming	a Proto-Germanic word
Discovery	protohistoric, around 35th century BC
Symbol	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology
Isotopes of tin Template:V
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Notes

↑ The thermal expansion of β-Sn is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 16.19×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 32.89×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 21.76×10⁻⁶/K.^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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[2] The thermal expansion of β-Sn is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 16.19×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 32.89×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 21.76×10⁻⁶/K.^[1]

[Arblaster_2018-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1]

[lower-alpha 1]

[2]

[3]

Template:Infobox tin

Notes

References