Infobox copper

	child table, as reused in {IB-Cu} Template:V
Main isotopes of Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-name
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Copper, ₂₉Cu
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Copper
Pronunciation	Template:Infobox element/pronunciation
Allotropes	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-allotropes
Appearance	Red-orange metallic luster
Mass number	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope
Copper in the periodic table
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Atomic number (Z)	29
Group	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-group
Period	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-period
Block	Template:Infobox element/block format
Electron configuration	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-electron-configuration
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 1
Physical properties
Phase at STP	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-phase
Melting point	1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F)
Boiling point	2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	8.935 g/cm3
(at STP)	8,944 g/L
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.02 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	13.26 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	300.4 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.440 J/(mol·K)
	Vapor pressureTemplate:Infobox element/vapor pressure table
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	Template:Element-symbol-to-oxidation-state-data
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies	1st: 745.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1957.9 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3555 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 128 pm
Covalent radius	132±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	140 pm
	Template:Infobox element/spectral lines
Other properties
Natural occurrence	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-occurrence
Crystal structure	Template:Infobox element/crystal structure (cF4)
Lattice constant	Template:Infobox element/crystal structurea = 361.50 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	16.64×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	401 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	16.78 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−5.46×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	110–128 GPa
Shear modulus	48 GPa
Bulk modulus	140 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	(annealed); 3810 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	3.0
Vickers hardness	343–369 MPa
Brinell hardness	235–878 MPa
CAS Number	7440-50-8
History
Naming	after Cyprus, principal mining place in Roman era (Cyprium)
Discovery	Middle East (9000 BC)
Symbol	Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-symbol-etymology
Isotopes of copper Template:V
	Template:infobox copper isotopes does not exist
	Category: Copper; view; talk; edit; \| references

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References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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[Arblaster_2018-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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Template:Infobox copper

References