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Template:Germanic languages

From Bharatpedia, an open encyclopedia

Germanic languages

According to contemporary philology

English*
- dialects
- Yola
- Fingallian
- Old English
- Middle English
Scots
- Early Scots
- Middle Scots

East Frisian
- Ems
  - Saterland Frisian
- Weser
  - Wangerooge Frisian
  - Wursten Frisian
North Frisian
- Insular
  - Eiderstedt
  - Föhr–Amrum
    - Föhr
    - Amrum
  - Heligolandic
  - Sylt
- Mainland
  - Bökingharde
    - Mooring
  - Halligen
  - Goesharde
    - Northern
    - Central
    - Southern
  - Karrharde
  - Strand
  - Wiedingharde
West Frisian
- Hindeloopen
- Schiermonnikoog
- Westlauwers–Terschellings
  - Mainland West Frisian
    - Clay Frisian
    - Wood Frisian
      - Westereendersk
  - Terschelling
Old Frisian
Middle Frisian

Historical forms	Old Saxon Middle Low German
West Low German	Dutch Low Saxon Stellingwarfs Tweants Gronings Drèents Gelders-Overijssels Achterhooks Sallaans Urkers Veluws Northern Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon Schleswigsch Holsteinisch Hamburgisch Ollnborger North Hanoveranian Dithmarsch Emsländisch Westphalian Eastphalian
East Low German	Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Mecklenburgish Brandenburgisch East Pomeranian Central Pomeranian West Central Pomeranian Low Prussian Mennonite Low German

Standard variants	Dutch* Frankish Old Dutch Middle Dutch Afrikaans*
West Low Franconian	Hollandic West Flemish French Flemish Zeelandic East Flemish Brabantian Surinamese Dutch Jersey Dutch Mohawk Dutch Stadsfries Bildts Yiddish Dutch
East Low Franconian	Meuse-Rhenish Limburgish Southeast Limburgish South Guelderish
Transitional	Low Dietsch

Standard variants

German*
Yiddish
- Eastern
- Western
- Litvish
- Poylish
- Ukrainish
- Galitzish
- Scots Yiddish
- Alsatian Yiddish
- Klezmer-loshn
- Ganovim
- Balagole
- Katsoves
- Lachoudisch
Yenish
Rotwelsch
- Lotegorisch

Standard German

West Central German	Central Franconian Ripuarian Colognian Moselle Franconian Luxembourgish Transylvanian Saxon Hunsrückisch Hunsrik Rhine Franconian Lorraine Franconian Palatine Volga German Pennsylvania German Hessian Amana
East Central German	Thuringian Upper Saxon Ore Mountainian Lusatian-Neumarkish Berlinerisch Silesian German High Prussian Wymysorys Halcnovian Prague German

High Franconian

North Germanic and East Germanic

Historical forms	Proto-Norse Old Norse Old West Norse Old East Norse Old Gutnish
West Scandinavian	Norwegian* Spoken Bergensk Kebabnorsk Sognamål Trøndersk Valdris Vestlandsk Vikværsk Written Bokmål Nynorsk Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Insular Scandinavian Faroese Icelandic Old Icelandic Middle Icelandic Gronlandsk Norn
East Scandinavian	Swedish* Åland Estonian Finlandic Gotlandic/Gutnish Jämtlandic Kalix Kiruna Luleå Norrland Ostrobothnian Småländska South Swedish Scanian Stockholm Rinkeby Uppländska Västgötska Westrobothnian Old Swedish Danish* Bornholmsk Gøtudanskt Insular Danish Jutlandic South Jutlandic Perkerdansk Old Danish Middle Danish Dalecarlian Elfdalian

East Germanic

Language subgroups	North East West Elbe (Irminonic) Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) North Sea (Ingvaeonic) Northwest Gotho-Nordic South
Reconstructed	Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic grammar Germanic parent language Ancient Belgian language
Diachronic features	Grimm's law Verner's law Holtzmann's law Sievers's law Kluge's law Germanic substrate hypothesis West Germanic gemination High German consonant shift Germanic a-mutation Germanic umlaut Germanic spirant law Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law Great Vowel Shift
Synchronic features	Germanic verb Germanic strong verb Germanic weak verb Preterite-present verb Grammatischer Wechsel Indo-European ablaut

Italics indicate extinct languages
* (asterisks) indicates languages with more than 3 million speakers
Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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