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From January to September, the [[Mughal]] government was effectively paralyzed. Adding to their troubles, they received alarming news that [[Shivaji]] had struck Surat with devastating force once again.[[Shivaji]], leading an army of 15,000 cavalry and an equal number of infantry, accompanied by prominent generals and officers such as [[Prataprao Gujar]] and the Peshwa Moropant, advanced from Kalyan. He followed the same route as during his previous attack on Surat, passing through what are now the Thane, Nasik, and Dang districts. On October 3, 1670, [[Shivaji]] arrived at the walls of Surat, forcing the defenders to flee under the protection of the castle's artillery. | From January to September, the [[Mughal]] government was effectively paralyzed. Adding to their troubles, they received alarming news that [[Shivaji]] had struck Surat with devastating force once again.[[Shivaji]], leading an army of 15,000 cavalry and an equal number of infantry, accompanied by prominent generals and officers such as [[Prataprao Gujar]] and the Peshwa Moropant, advanced from Kalyan. He followed the same route as during his previous attack on Surat, passing through what are now the Thane, Nasik, and Dang districts. On October 3, 1670, [[Shivaji]] arrived at the walls of Surat, forcing the defenders to flee under the protection of the castle's artillery.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=778–787}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=KINCAID |first=DENNIS |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13490 |title=THE HISTORY OF SHIVAJI THE GRAND REBEL |date=1955 |publisher=KARAN PUBLICATION, DELHI |pages=263–270}}</ref> | ||
In March and April 1670, Surat faced repeated warnings of an impending attack by [[Shivaji]]. On March 16, the Surat Council decided to request 35 to 40 Portuguese soldiers and 6 or 7 English file leaders from Mumbai to protect their factory. While Mumbai agreed to this request, they expressed concern in their March 29 letter about losing so many men given Shivaji's proximity. By mid-April, 39 [[Portuguese]] soldiers, a sergeant, and four English soldiers had arrived in Surat. However, when [[Bahadur Khan (Moghul General)|Bahadur Khan]], the subadar of Gujarat, arrived with 5,000 horsemen, the threat seemed to diminish, leading the Surat Council to decide on April 25 to send the soldiers back to [[Mumbai]]. | In March and April 1670, Surat faced repeated warnings of an impending attack by [[Shivaji]]. On March 16, the Surat Council decided to request 35 to 40 Portuguese soldiers and 6 or 7 English file leaders from Mumbai to protect their factory. While Mumbai agreed to this request, they expressed concern in their March 29 letter about losing so many men given Shivaji's proximity. By mid-April, 39 [[Portuguese]] soldiers, a sergeant, and four English soldiers had arrived in Surat. However, when [[Bahadur Khan (Moghul General)|Bahadur Khan]], the subadar of Gujarat, arrived with 5,000 horsemen, the threat seemed to diminish, leading the Surat Council to decide on April 25 to send the soldiers back to [[Mumbai]]. | ||
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The English seamen, stationed for defense, were later reprimanded for their behavior towards local estates. Streynsham Master’s efforts and bravery were recognized with a gold medal from the Company in 1672. The immense spoil taken from Surat was valued at Rs.6.6 million, but the city's long-term damage was severe. Continuous alarms from Shivaji’s forces disrupted trade, leading to a decline in Surat’s commercial prominence as merchants began shifting to [[Mumbai]], which offered greater security and economic advantages. | The English seamen, stationed for defense, were later reprimanded for their behavior towards local estates. Streynsham Master’s efforts and bravery were recognized with a gold medal from the Company in 1672. The immense spoil taken from Surat was valued at Rs.6.6 million, but the city's long-term damage was severe. Continuous alarms from Shivaji’s forces disrupted trade, leading to a decline in Surat’s commercial prominence as merchants began shifting to [[Mumbai]], which offered greater security and economic advantages. | ||
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