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 The treaty, though humiliating for Deva Raya, marked the end of the conflict, with the marriage between Parthal, the daughter of the goldsmith, and Hassan Khan, the son of Firuz Shah, cementing the agreement between the two powers.
+== Background ==
+{{Main|Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1362–1367)|Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1398)}}
+The [[Bahmani Sultanate]] and [[Vijayanagara Empire]], two prominent kingdoms in the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, engaged in frequent military conflicts since their inception. Following the initial [[Bahmani–Vijayanagar War (1362–1367)|Bahmani–Vijayanagar war]], a period of three decades ensued marked by peace, between the two empires, largely due to the pacifist reign of Bahmani ruler Muhammad Shah II.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Farooqui |first=Salma Ahmed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-eighteenth Century |date=2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-3202-1 |pages=117 |language=en}}</ref> However, with the accession of [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Tajuddin Firuz Shah]], hostilities resumed between the Bahmanis and Vijayanagar. Concurrently, during the rebellion of [[Sagara, Karnataka|Sagar]] on the northern frontier of the Bahmani Sultanate, Vijayanagara ruler [[Harihara II]] seized the opportunity to launch an invasion into the southern frontier of the Bahmani Sultanate, thus sparking the second war between the two powers.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Allan |first1=John Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RZeOnQEACAAJ |title=The Cambridge Shorter History of India |last2=Dodwell |first2=Henry Herbert |last3=Haig |first3=Wolseley |date=1943 |publisher=University Press |pages=283–286 |language=en}}</ref> The second Bahmani-Vijayanagar war in 1398 concluded with the Bahmanis emerging victorious. Following their triumph, Vijayanagara Emperor Harihara II sought peace by offering one million Huns in tribute to the Bahmanis.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iRJuAAAAMAAJ |title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat, A.D. 1206-1526, edited by Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami |date=1970 |publisher=People's Publishing House |pages=977 |language=en}}</ref>
+=== Influence of Timur ===
+{{See also|Sack of Delhi (1398)}}
+[[File:Raichur Doab.jpg|thumb|The map depicting the Kingdoms of Deccan India]]
+After [[Timur|Timur's]] invasion of [[Delhi]] in 1398, he departed for his capital in [[Samarkand]] without establishing a permanent presence. Firuz Shah, who was engaged in conflict with Vijayanagar during that period, recognized an opportunity in Timur's departure. Understanding that Timur could alleviate his northern concerns, Firuz Shah dispatched ambassadors bearing lavish gifts. Their mission was to convey Firuz Shah's willingness to become one of Timur's allies and to offer his support in any future campaigns to conquer all of [[Hindustan]]. Additionally, the ambassadors were instructed to sway influential courtiers in Timur's court to support Firuz Shah's cause. Their efforts proved successful, as Timur agreed to accept Firuz Shah's offer of nominal suzerainty and bestowed sovereignty over [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]] and [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]] upon him. From his end, Timur reciprocated by sending a royal [[robe]], a [[Turki]] slave, and four [[Arabian horse|Syrian horses]] of unparalleled quality, surpassing any previously witnessed in the Deccan region.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Watson |first=Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-qUeAAAAMAAJ |title=The War of the Goldsmith's Daughter |date=1964 |publisher=Chatto & Windus |pages=138–140 |language=en}}</ref>
+The rulers of the [[Malwa Sultanate]], [[Gujarat Sultanate]], and [[Farooqui dynasty|Khandesh Sultanate]], upon learning of the alliance between Firuz Shah and Timur, conveyed to Timur that they considered themselves as brothers to the Bahmanis. However, behind the scenes, they clandestinely sent a message to Harihara II, the reigning monarch of Vijayanagar, expressing their willingness to provide active military assistance whenever they are in trouble with the Bahmanis. However, Firuz came to know about the secret message sent by the Sultanates to Vijayanagar.{{Sfn|Sherwani|1985|p=159}}<ref name=":1" />
+=== Revolt at Kherla ===
+[[File:Approximate extent of the Gond kingdom of Deogarh.png|Gondwana or Kherla region|thumb]]
+After the war of 1398, Firuz Shah relocated to [[Betul district|Kherla]], where he had encountered a revolt prior to the conflict. The local ruler of [[Mahur, Maharashtra|Mahur]] surrendered to him, having previously aligned with [[Narsingh Rai]], the [[Rajput]] leader of the rebellion. From there, Firuz dispatched a letter to Narsingh demanding tribute, but Narsingh adamantly refused, prompting a battle between them. Firuz then moved to [[Achalpur|Ellichpur]], where the decisive battle took place, resulting in the death of prominent Bahmani amirs such as Shuja‘at Khan, Bahadur Khan, Dilawar Khan, and Rustam Khan. Firuz himself took to the battlefield to lead his forces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sherwani |first=Haroon Khan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kIeAAAAMAAJ |title=The Bahmanis of the Deccan |date=1985 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |pages=108–110 |language=en}}</ref>
+Firuz emerged victorious over the Rajputs, capturing Narsingh's  son Kaushal Singh as a prisoner of war. Narsingh then retreated to the fort of Kherla, where Bahmani forces besieged him. Eventually, Narsingh surrendered to Firuz, agreeing to pay tribute. The siege lasted for two months, after which Narsingh laid down his arms and personally approached the Sultan at Ellichpur, pleading to accept tribute as his ancestors on the [[Kalaburagi|Gulbarga]] throne had done before him.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, Narsingh requested that his daughter be taken into the royal palace as one of the royal servants and offered forty elephants, five maunds of gold, and fifty maunds of silver as gifts. In return, Firuz restored Kherla to Narsingh, appointed him as an amir of the kingdom, and bestowed upon him robes of state, including an embroidered cap.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=184 |language=en}}</ref>
+===Struggle of succession at Vijayanagar===
+After the passing of Harihara II in 1404, a succession struggle ensued among his sons, including [[Virupaksha Raya|Virupaksha Raya I]], [[Bukka Raya II]], [[Deva Raya I]], Sadasiva Raya, and Ramachandra Raya. Virupaksha eventually ascended to the throne and ruled for a brief period, during which he conducted military campaigns in the southern regions, adding to the empire's conquests.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Natarajan |first=B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NnDXAAAAMAAJ |title=Tillai and Nataraja |date=1994 |publisher=Mudgala Trust |language=en}}</ref> Bukka Raya II, the sibling of Virupaksha, seized the throne from Virupaksha and ruled for a span of two years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Jayapalan |first=N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6L6avTlqJNYC |title=History of India |date=2001 |publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri |isbn=978-81-7156-928-1 |pages=81 |language=en}}</ref> The rule of Bukka Raya II was short-lived, as he was succeeded by his brother Deva Raya I in 1406.<ref name=":2" />
+With Deva Raya I ascending the throne, the Vijayanagar Empire gained a capable and energetic leader. Under his reign, the empire reached its zenith of power. Deva Raya, along with his supporters, saw themselves as champions of [[Hindus|Hindu]] civilization, with a dynamic system that unified the diverse elements of the south and aimed to push back against Muslim invasions. This sentiment had been growing during the reign of Harihara II but was fully realized under Deva Raya's leadership. His resolute military prowess contrasted with the perceived incompetence of his predecessors, particularly Bukka II, ultimately leading to his ascension to the throne. This marked the beginning of a new era for the empire.{{Sfn|Watson|1964|p=153}}
+==Reference==
+{{reflist}}