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*End of the [[Second French Empire]] | *End of the [[Second French Empire]] | ||
*[[Unification of Germany]] and establishment of the [[German Empire]] | *[[Unification of Germany]] and establishment of the [[German Empire]] | ||
| combatant1 = {{nowrap|'''Before 4 September 1870:'''<br>'''{{ | | combatant1 = {{nowrap|'''Before 4 September 1870:'''<br>'''{{flagcountry|Second French Empire}}'''<hr>'''After 4 September 1870:'''<br>'''{{flagcountry|France|name=French Third Republic}}{{efn|Under the [[Government of National Defense]].}}'''}} | ||
* [[Army of the Vosges|Foreign volunteers]] | * [[Army of the Vosges|Foreign volunteers]] | ||
| combatant2 = | | combatant2 = {{ubl|{{flagicon|German Empire}} [[North German Confederation]]'''}} | ||
* [[Kingdom of Prussia]] | |||
* | |||
*{{flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse]]<ref>The northern parts and the Army of the Grand Duchy of Hesse were part of the North German Confederation G</ref> | *{{flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Hesse|Hesse]]<ref>The northern parts and the Army of the Grand Duchy of Hesse were part of the North German Confederation G</ref> | ||
* and 19 smaller states | * and 19 smaller states | ||
----{{nowrap|'''After 18 January 1871:'''<br>'''{{flag|German Empire}}'''}} | ----{{nowrap|'''After 18 January 1871:'''<br>'''{{flag|German Empire}}'''}} | ||
| commander1 = {{unbulleted list | | commander1 = {{unbulleted list | ||
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The war had a lasting impact on Europe. By hastening [[Unification of Germany|German unification]], the war significantly altered the balance of power on the continent, with the new German state supplanting France as the dominant European land power. Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades, developing a reputation for ''[[Realpolitik]]'' that raised Germany's global stature and influence. In France, it brought a final end to imperial rule and began the first lasting republican government. Resentment over the French government's handling of the war and its aftermath triggered the [[Paris Commune]], a revolutionary uprising which seized and held power for two months before its suppression; the event would influence the politics and policies of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]. | The war had a lasting impact on Europe. By hastening [[Unification of Germany|German unification]], the war significantly altered the balance of power on the continent, with the new German state supplanting France as the dominant European land power. Bismarck maintained great authority in international affairs for two decades, developing a reputation for ''[[Realpolitik]]'' that raised Germany's global stature and influence. In France, it brought a final end to imperial rule and began the first lasting republican government. Resentment over the French government's handling of the war and its aftermath triggered the [[Paris Commune]], a revolutionary uprising which seized and held power for two months before its suppression; the event would influence the politics and policies of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]]. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{notelist}} | {{notelist}} | ||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} |
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