Mongol invasion of India (1306): Difference between revisions

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== Other Mongol contingents ==
Some of Kopek's soldiers escaped to the other Mongol contingent led by Iqbalmand and Tai-Bu, and were pursued by the Delhi army.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=394}} Iqbalmand and Tai-Bu had marched southwards to [[Nagaur]] in present-day [[Rajasthan]].{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=171}} The Delhi army, led by Malik Kafur and Malik Tughluq, launched a sudden attack on them. Iqbalmand and Tai-Bu fled across the [[Indus River]], having heard about Kopek's defeat.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=172}} The Delhi army killed and captured a large number of Mongols in their pursuit.{{sfn|Banarsi Prasad Saksena|1992|p=394}}
Amir Khsurau's writings suggest that Kopek, Iqbalmand and Tai-Bu were commanders of three contingents in the same campaign. However, the later chronicler Ziauddin Barani states that three generals invaded India on three occasions, in different years: Kunk or Gung (Kopek) was defeated at Khekar. Later, another Mongol army led by an unnamed general ransacked the [[Shivalik Hills|Shivalik]] region, and was defeated while returning, on the banks of an unnamed river.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=173}} A third Mongol army, led by Iqbalmand, was defeated at a place called Amir Ali.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=174}} The later chroniclers such as Nizamuddin and [[Firishta]] have adapted Barani's account. Firishta, for example, mentions Kopek's invasion and Iqbalmand's invasion as two campaigns, and states that Iqbalmand was defeated by Ghazi Malik Tughluq.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=174}}
Historian [[Kishori Saran Lal]] believes that Khusrau's account is accurate, because he wrote during Alauddin's lifetime. Lal dismisses Barani's account as inaccurate, because it was written much later, and because Barani does not provide specific details about these supposedly three campaigns (such as the year, and the names of the Delhi generals).{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=174}} Moreover, historical evidence indicates that Kopek's invasion was the last Mongol of invasion to have happened during Alauddin's reign. Barani's contemporary [[Isami (historian)|Isami]] does not mention any other Mongol invasion after Kopek's invasion. Duwa Khan died in 1306-1307, and the Chagatai Khanate was too weak to launch an invasion of India over the next few years. In fact, Alauddin's governor of [[Dipalpur]] plundered [[Kabul]] in the Chagatai territory during these years. All these evidences cast doubt on Barani's claim that the Mongols invaded India twice during Alauddin's reign after Kopek's defeat.{{sfn|Kishori Saran Lal|1950|p=175}}
Historian [[Peter Jackson (historian)|Peter Jackson]] also believes that Barani and other later chroniclers misinterpreted Khusrau's account.{{sfn|Peter Jackson|2003|p=227}}
== Aftermath ==
== Aftermath ==


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