Afghan–Maratha War: Difference between revisions

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===Execution of Ghulam Kadir===
===Execution of Ghulam Kadir===
Ghulam Kadir remained in Maratha custody for some time but was initially unharmed.On 28 February 1789, Shinde received a letter from Shah Alam II demanding the eyes of Ghulam Kadir as the Shah would otherwise retire to [[Mecca]] and live as a beggar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Director Of Archives |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52109 |title=Sindhia As Regent Of Delhi (1954) |date=1954 |pages=17–19}}</ref> Mahadji then ordered the removal of his eyes, nose, tongue, lips, and upper limbs, which were sent to Shah Alam in a casket. After this was done, his hands, feet, and genitals were cut off, and on 3 March 1789, he was hanged from a tree and beheaded at [[Mathura]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deodhar |first=Y. n |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.103377 |title=Nana Phadnis And The External Affairs Of The Maratha Empire |date=1962 |pages=125–128}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-T2lDwAAQBAJ |title=The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company |date=2019-09-10 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4088-6440-1 |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref>
Ghulam Kadir remained in Maratha custody for some time but was initially unharmed.On 28 February 1789, Shinde received a letter from Shah Alam II demanding the eyes of Ghulam Kadir as the Shah would otherwise retire to [[Mecca]] and live as a beggar.<ref>{{Cite book |last=The Director Of Archives |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.52109 |title=Sindhia As Regent Of Delhi (1954) |date=1954 |pages=17–19}}</ref> Mahadji then ordered the removal of his eyes, nose, tongue, lips, and upper limbs, which were sent to Shah Alam in a casket. After this was done, his hands, feet, and genitals were cut off, and on 3 March 1789, he was hanged from a tree and beheaded at [[Mathura]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deodhar |first=Y. n |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.103377 |title=Nana Phadnis And The External Affairs Of The Maratha Empire |date=1962 |pages=125–128}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-T2lDwAAQBAJ |title=The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company |date=2019-09-10 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4088-6440-1 |pages=304 |language=en}}</ref>
===Taimur Shah Durrani and India===
{{Main|Battle of Merta}}


==Reference==
==Reference==
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