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From the early 7th century, the Gujjar kingdoms began to dominate the northwestern region of ancient India. The district thrived during the Mughal era, particularly from Akbar's reign to that of Aurangzeb. During this period, wells were abundant throughout the area, and villages were densely populated across the southern plateau, which is now largely a barren expanse of grassland and scrub jungle. Remnants of this flourishing past can still be found in the most remote and desolate parts of the Bar. Additionally, the Punjab region saw a significant rise in Islam, largely due to the abduction and persecution of Hindus.
From the early 7th century, the Gujjar kingdoms began to dominate the northwestern region of ancient India. The district thrived during the Mughal era, particularly from Akbar's reign to that of Aurangzeb. During this period, wells were abundant throughout the area, and villages were densely populated across the southern plateau, which is now largely a barren expanse of grassland and scrub jungle. Remnants of this flourishing past can still be found in the most remote and desolate parts of the Bar. Additionally, the Punjab region saw a significant rise in Islam, largely due to the abduction and persecution of Hindus.
== Demographics ==
=== Population ===
{{Historical populations
|align=left
|percentages=pagr
|1951 |578179
|1961 |745393
|1972 |1245258
|1981 |1665872
|1998 |2756707
|2017 |5011066
|2023 |5959750
|footnote= Sources:<ref>{{cite web |title=Population by administrative units 1951-1998 |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/1998/administrative_units.pdf |publisher = [[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref> District was bifurcated in 2022
}}
According to the 2023 census, the remaining Gujranwala district comprises 706,796 households and has a total population of 4,966,338. The district exhibits a sex ratio of 103.96 males for every 100 females and boasts a literacy rate of 76.65%, with 77.94% for males and 75.31% for females. Notably, 1,322,407 individuals, or 26.73% of the surveyed population, are under the age of 10. Additionally, 3,224,962 people, accounting for 64.95%, reside in urban areas.
=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Gujranwala district 2023 <ref name="religion2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/punjab/dcr/table_9.pdf |title=Population by Sex, Religion and Rural/Urban, Census - 2023 |publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float = right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Punjabi Muslims|Islam]]|green|96.40}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.49}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.11}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in Gujranwala District
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Pakistan|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941" />{{Efn|Gujranwala tehsil of erstwhile Gujranwala district, which roughly corresponds to the present district. District and tehsil borders may have shifted slightly over time.}}
! colspan="2" |2017<ref name=PBS>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk:80/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRAT_SUMMARY.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2018|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Government of Pakistan website|title=District And Tehsil Level Population Summary With Region Breakup|access-date=11 April 2023
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123201454/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk:80/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRAT_SUMMARY.pdf}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan Census 2023 Table 9: Punjab |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/tables/punjab/dcr/table_9.pdf |website=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>
|-
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!Pop.
!%
|-
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
|285,845
|61.31%
|4,024,927
|96.27%
|4,768,730
|96.40%
|-
|[[Sikhism in Pakistan|Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|19x19px]]
|76,035
|16.31%
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|134
|~0%
|-
| [[Hinduism in Pakistan|Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
|58,343
|12.51%
|255
|0.01%
|916
|0.02%
|-
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
|44,596
|9.56%
|150,943
|3.61%
|172,863
|3.49%
|-
|[[Ahmadiyya|Ahmadi]]
|{{N/a}}
|{{N/a}}
|4,432
|0.11%
|3,892
|0.08%
|-
| Others
|1,429
|0.31%
|237
|~0%
|226
|0.01%
|-
!Total Population
!466,248
!100%
!4,180,794
!{{Percentage | 2756289 | 2756289 | 2 }}
!4,946,761
!100%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religious groups in Gujranwala District ([[British Punjab province]] era)
! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in India|Religious]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881A">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=14 }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=26 December 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |pages=14}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901 |pages=34}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |pages=27}}</ref><ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62718 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census Of India 1911 Punjab Vol XIV Part II |year=1911 |pages=27 |author=Kaul, Harikishan}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921 |pages=29}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25793242 |jstor=saoa.crl.25793242 |access-date=23 March 2024 |title=Census of India 1931. Vol. 17, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1931 |pages=277}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web |year=1941 |title=Census of India, 1941. Vol. 6, Punjab |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215541 |pages=42 |jstor=saoa.crl.28215541 |access-date=23 March 2024}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
| 452,640
| {{Percentage | 452640 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 475,494
| {{Percentage | 475494 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 531,908
| {{Percentage | 531908 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 622,430
| {{Percentage | 622430 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 443,147
| {{Percentage | 443147 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 521,343
| {{Percentage | 521343 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 642,706
| {{Percentage | 642706 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}}
| 127,322
| {{Percentage | 127322 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 166,278
| {{Percentage | 166278 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 169,594
| {{Percentage | 169594 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 176,075
| {{Percentage | 176075 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 101,566
| {{Percentage | 101566 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 92,764
| {{Percentage | 92764 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 108,115
| {{Percentage | 108115 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
| 36,159
| {{Percentage | 36159 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 45,316
| {{Percentage | 45316 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 51,607
| {{Percentage | 51607 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 107,748
| {{Percentage | 107748 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 50,802
| {{Percentage | 50802 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 71,595
| {{Percentage | 71595 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 99,139
| {{Percentage | 99139 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
| 577
| {{Percentage | 577 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 727
| {{Percentage | 727 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 932
| {{Percentage | 932 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 950
| {{Percentage | 950 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 754
| {{Percentage | 754 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 1,071
| {{Percentage | 1071 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 1,445
| {{Percentage | 1445 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
| 194
| {{Percentage | 194 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 2,353
| {{Percentage | 2353 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 2,748
| {{Percentage | 2748 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 16,215
| {{Percentage | 16215 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 27,308
| {{Percentage | 27308 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 49,364
| {{Percentage | 49364 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 60,829
| {{Percentage | 60829 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]]
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]]
| {{N/a}}
| {{N/a}}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 8
| {{Percentage | 8 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! Others
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 616892 | 2 }}
| 1
| {{Percentage | 1 | 690169 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 756797 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 923419 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 623581 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 736138 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 912234 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 616,892
! {{Percentage | 616892 | 616892 | 2 }}
! 690,169
! {{Percentage | 690169 | 690169 | 2 }}
! 756,797
! {{Percentage | 756797 | 756797 | 2 }}
! 923,419
! {{Percentage | 923419 | 923419 | 2 }}
! 623,581
! {{Percentage | 623581 | 623581 | 2 }}
! 736,138
! {{Percentage | 736138 | 736138 | 2 }}
! 912,234
! {{Percentage | 912234 | 912234 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. <br><br> Note2: Population decrease between 1911 and 1921 census due to the creation of [[Sheikhupura District]], as a result of the large population increase in the region, primarily due to the [[Punjab Canal Colonies#Chenab Colony|Chenab Canal Colony]].}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Gujranwala District (1921)<ref name="Census1921"/>
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersC|Including [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Gujranwala Tehsil
| 181,657
| {{Percentage | 181657 | 294567 | 2 }}
| 53,392
| {{Percentage | 53392 | 294567 | 2 }}
| 38,299
| {{Percentage | 38299 | 294567 | 2 }}
| 20,496
| {{Percentage | 20496 | 294567 | 2 }}
| 723
| {{Percentage | 723 | 294567 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 294567 | 2 }}
! 294,567
! {{Percentage | 294567 | 294567 | 2 }}
|-
! Wazirabad Tehsil
| 109,652
| {{Percentage | 109652 | 146248 | 2 }}
| 23,699
| {{Percentage | 23699 | 146248 | 2 }}
| 6,893
| {{Percentage | 6893 | 146248 | 2 }}
| 5,973
| {{Percentage | 5973 | 146248 | 2 }}
| 27
| {{Percentage | 27 | 146248 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 146248 | 2 }}
! 146,248
! {{Percentage | 146248 | 146248 | 2 }}
|-
! Hafizabad Tehsil
| 151,838
| {{Percentage | 151838 | 182766 | 2 }}
| 24,475
| {{Percentage | 24475 | 182766 | 2 }}
| 5,610
| {{Percentage | 5610 | 182766 | 2 }}
| 839
| {{Percentage | 839 | 182766 | 2 }}
| 4
| {{Percentage | 4 | 182766 | 2 }}
| 0
| {{Percentage | 0 | 182766 | 2 }}
! 182,766
! {{Percentage | 182766 | 182766 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.}}
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Religion in the [[Tehsil]]s of Gujranwala District (1941)<ref name="Census1941" />
! rowspan="2" |[[Tehsil]]
! colspan="2" |[[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi}}
! colspan="2" |[[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |[[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]]
! colspan="2" |Others{{efn|name=othersB|Including [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]], [[British Christianity|British Christians]], [[Buddhism]], [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Judaism]], [[Tribal religions in India|Tribals]], others, or not stated}}
! colspan="2" |Total
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
! Gujranwala Tehsil
| 285,845
| {{Percentage | 285845 | 466248 | 2 }}
| 58,343
| {{Percentage | 58343 | 466248 | 2 }}
| 76,035
| {{Percentage | 76035 | 466248 | 2 }}
| 44,596
| {{Percentage | 44596 | 466248 | 2 }}
| 1,411
| {{Percentage | 1411 | 466248 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 466248 | 2 }}
! 466,248
! {{Percentage | 466248 | 466248 | 2 }}
|-
! Wazirabad Tehsil
| 157,961
| {{Percentage | 157961 | 205952 | 2 }}
| 22,451
| {{Percentage | 22451 | 205952 | 2 }}
| 13,543
| {{Percentage | 13543 | 205952 | 2 }}
| 11,829
| {{Percentage | 11829 | 205952 | 2 }}
| 18
| {{Percentage | 18 | 205952 | 2 }}
| 150
| {{Percentage | 150 | 205952 | 2 }}
! 205,952
! {{Percentage | 205952 | 205952 | 2 }}
|-
! Hafizabad Tehsil
| 198,900
| {{Percentage | 198900 | 240034 | 2 }}
| 27,321
| {{Percentage | 27321 | 240034 | 2 }}
| 9,561
| {{Percentage | 9561 | 240034 | 2 }}
| 3,955
| {{Percentage | 3955 | 240034 | 2 }}
| 16
| {{Percentage | 16 | 240034 | 2 }}
| 281
| {{Percentage | 281 | 240034 | 2 }}
! 240,034
! {{Percentage | 240034 | 240034 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note1: [[British Punjab province]] era tehsil borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to tehsil borders — which since created new tehsils — throughout the historic [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province region]] during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases.<br><br>Note2: [[Tehsil]] religious breakdown figures for Christianity only includes local Christians, labeled as "Indian Christians" on [[Census in British India|census]]. Does not include [[Anglo-Indian people|Anglo-Indian Christians]] or [[British Christianity|British Christians]], who were classified under "Other" category.}}
|}
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