Languages with official status in India: Difference between revisions

Languages with official status in India (edit)

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 {{Short description|Languages designated official status by the Constitution of India }}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
-{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
-[[File: Language region maps of India.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken languages, among which most are scheduled but some are not scheduled languages, like Ao of Nagaland, Khasi of Meghalaya, Ladakhi of Ladakh, Mizo of Mizoram and Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh. Exceptionally, Mizo attains state level official language status, despite not being a scheduled language. Nepali, despite being the lingua franca of Sikkim as well as a scheduled language, isn't the official language of Sikkim state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=84–89 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |access-date=16 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI |url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/languages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constitution |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=rajbhasha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |access-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">Some languages may be over- or underrepresented as the census data used is at the state-level. For example, while Urdu has 52 million speakers (2001), in no state is it a majority as the language itself is primarily limited to Indian Muslims yet has more native speakers than Gujarati.</ref>|alt=Language region map of India]]
-{{Constitutionally recognised languages in India}}
-There is no [[national language]] in the [[Republic of India]].<ref>{{cite news|author=PTI|author-link=Press Trust of India|date=25 January 2010|title=Hindi, not a national language: Court|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-not-a-national-language-court/article94695.ece|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="rajbhasha.nic.in">{{cite web|title=Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/constitutional-provisions|access-date=1 July 2015|publisher=Department of Official Language, [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE UNION {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/official-language-policy-union|access-date=20 March 2019|website=rajbhasha.nic.in}}</ref>  However, article 343(1) of the [[Constitution of India|Indian constitution]] specifically mentions that "The official language of the Union shall be [[Hindi]] in [[Devanagari]] script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system|Indian numerals]],"<ref name=":0" /> while clause 3 of the [[s:Official Languages Act, 1963|Official Languages Act, 1963]] mentions the "Continuation of [[English Language]] for official purposes of the Union and for use in Parliament". Hence [[Indian English]] and [[Modern Standard Hindi]] are the Official Languages of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="rjb">{{Cite web|title=THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, 1963|url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/official-languages-act-1963|access-date=3 May 2022|website=rajbhasha.nic.in}}</ref>
+[[File: Language region maps of India.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken languages, among which most are scheduled but some are not scheduled languages, like Ao of Nagaland, Khasi of Meghalaya, Ladakhi of Ladakh, Mizo of Mizoram and Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh. Exceptionally, Mizo attains state level official language status, despite not being a scheduled language. Nepali, despite being the lingua franca of Sikkim as well as a scheduled language, isn't the official language of Sikkim state.<ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 47th report (July 2008 to June 2010) |pages=84–89 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |access-date=16 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513161847/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM47thReport.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages Included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI |url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/languages-included-eighth-schedule-indian-constitution |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=rajbhasha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |access-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">Some languages may be over- or underrepresented as the census data used is at the state-level.</ref>
+|alt=Language region map of India]]
+There is no [[national language]] in the [[Republic of India]].<ref>{{cite news|author=PTI|author-link=Press Trust of India|date=25 January 2010|title=Hindi, not a national language: Court|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/hindi-not-a-national-language-court/article94695.ece|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="rajbhasha.nic.in">{{cite web|title=Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/constitutional-provisions|access-date=1 July 2015|publisher=Department of Official Language, [[Government of India]]}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE POLICY OF THE UNION {{!}} Department of Official Language {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI|url=http://rajbhasha.nic.in/en/official-language-policy-union|access-date=20 March 2019|website=rajbhasha.nic.in}}</ref>  However, article 343(1) of the [[Constitution of India|Indian constitution]] specifically mentions that "The official language of the Union shall be [[Hindi]] in [[Devanagari]] script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of [[Hindu–Arabic numeral system|Hindu numerals]],"<ref name=":0" /> while clause 3 of the [[s:Official Languages Act, 1963|Official Languages Act, 1963]] mentions the "Continuation of [[English]] Language for official purposes of the Union and for use in Parliament". Hence [[Indian English]] and [[Modern Standard Hindi]] are the Official Languages of the [[Government of India]].<ref name="rjb">{{Cite web|title=THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, 1963|url=https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/official-languages-act-1963|access-date=3 May 2022|website=rajbhasha.nic.in}}</ref>
 Business in the [[Parliament of India|Indian parliament]] may only be conducted in Hindi or in English. In addition to the official languages, the constitution recognises 22 regional languages, which include Hindi but not English, as ''scheduled languages'' (see below). According to Article 120, members of parliament are allowed to speak and present their views in any of the [[Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India|22 scheduled languages recognised by the Constitution of India]]. English is allowed to be used in official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the [[Government of India|Central Government]] and a [[State governments of India|State Government]]. There are various official languages in India at the [[States and union territories of India|state/territory]]-level.