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'''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>
'''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref>


India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed both 2,000 and 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 15 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>
India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed both 2,000 and 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,500 episodes as of 2024, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref>


Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref>
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===Phases/Changes of Tele serials from 1985-2017===
===Phases/Changes of Tele serials from 1985-2017===
*1985-1990's:Social issue,Civic issues,Novel type serials,Televised-Telefilms
*1990-1997:Emotional themes ,serials related to  individualistic person
*1998-2002:Popularity of Family Dramas with limited episodes
*After 2002&2003-2008:Family dramas presented based on the minsets of younger generation
*2007-2020:peak rise in stylish family dramas with more seasons and leaps
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
! Years
! Years
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* [[Kissa Kathmandu Mein]]
* [[Kissa Kathmandu Mein]]
* [[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]
* [[Udaan (1989 TV series)|Udaan]]
* Isi Bahane
|
|
(Drama genres)
(Drama genres)
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| style="text-align: center;" |
| style="text-align: center;" |
* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
* Few tele series made with T.v main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type of roles.which created strong impact.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anaami from Chakravyuh to Ragini from Agnifera: We need more such feisty girls to transform Indian TV
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/anaami-from-chakravyuh-to-ragini-from-agnifera-we-need-more-such-feisty-girls-to-transform-indian-tv-lifetv-989607-2017-08-16/2 |website=indiatoday|access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>.
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/anaami-from-chakravyuh-to-ragini-from-agnifera-we-need-more-such-feisty-girls-to-transform-indian-tv-lifetv-989607-2017-08-16/2 |website=indiatoday|date=16 August 2017 |access-date=2018-07-14}}</ref>.
*In mid 2000's Tv serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead  was  Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
*In mid 2000's Tv serial from Balaji Telefilms Limited which launched a Tamil serial with new rare concept ''Kanavaru kaha''which had 2 leads The Main lead  was  Actor Sujitha & the serial had next lead character played by Ahalya fame Tinky Simar Kaur as Padmini with Strong headed personality.
*Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parvati Sehgal interview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-quits-pratigya/articleshow/11399631.cms|website=times of india|access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>.
*Parvati sehgal played second lead with negative shades and aggressive type in [[Mann Kee Awaaz Pratigya]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parvati Sehgal interview|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/parvati-sehgal-quits-pratigya/articleshow/11399631.cms|website=times of india|date=7 January 2012 |access-date=2012-01-07}}</ref>.
|
|
* ''Tv serials with main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type ''
* ''Tv serials with main leads or parallel leads as Dabang (authoritative/rebel)type ''
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===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
===Foreign serials dubbed in Hindi===
Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
*Home TV channel aired Foreign [[East Asia]]dramas in Hindi from 1996-1999 after 1999 the channel was closed.
 
*In 2010 [[YouTube]] and [[Dailymotion]] online video sharing platform maintained a wide popularity where users connected  to internet started to watch different video T.v contents with another languages/languages translated/translation subtitles/shared languages with common words and different literary.
In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi. That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch shows from various countries.
*In 2014 [[Zindagi (TV channel)|Zindagi]] had syndicated diverse shows from various countries including Brazil, Pakistan, South Korea, Turkey and Ukraine and dubbed in Hindi.That was the turning point where viewers made different choices to watch tele serials from various countries.
 
*From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.
From 2015, the Hindi television industry has been striving to create new contents due to OTT platform saturation and other foreign TV dramas & Asian dramas.


==Popular TV serials affected from External Environment factors/External Business Environment factors==
==Popular TV serials affected from External Environment factors/External Business Environment factors==
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*2020:[[Patiala Babes]],[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]],[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]],[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]],[[Beyhadh 2]] due to the  COVID-19 pandemic,[[Shaadi Mubarak ]] a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>
*2020:[[Patiala Babes]],[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]],[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]],[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]],[[Beyhadh 2]] due to the  COVID-19 pandemic,[[Shaadi Mubarak ]] a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref>
===Tv serials with [[Cultural conflict|Cultural clash]]===
===Tv serials with [[Cultural conflict|Cultural clash]]===
*[[Firangi Bahu]],[[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]:Son weds foreign girl and brings her as bahu in his home,culture clash arises between Indian mother in law and foreign daughter in law.
*[[Firangi Bahu]],[[Anandibaa Aur Emily]]:Son weds foreign girl and brings her as bahu in his home,culture clash arises between Indian mother in law and foreign daughter in law.  
==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)==
one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
one of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience
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*''[[Hamari Wali Good News]]''
*''[[Hamari Wali Good News]]''
*''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]''
*''[[Kahaan Hum Kahaan Tum]]''
* ''[[Gouri Shankaram]]
* ''[[Gouri Shankaram]]''
*[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]]
*[[Kaathodu Kaathoram]]
*[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]''  
*''[[Koodevide (TV series)|Koodevide]]''  
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
*''[[Kuch Rang Pyar Ke Aise Bhi]]''
*''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]''
*''[[Bade Achhe Lagte Hain 2]]''
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===Shows based on Women protagonist centric===
===Shows based on Women protagonist centric===
*''[[Sreemoyee]]'' and its adaptations  
*''[[Sreemoyee]]'' and its adaptations  
**''[[Anupamaa]]''/''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]''/''[[Kudumbavilakku]]
**''[[Anupamaa]]''/''[[Intinti Gruhalakshmi]]''/''[[Kudumbavilakku]]''
*''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
*''[[Meet: Badlegi Duniya Ki Reet]]''
*''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]''
*''[[Tu Chal Pudha]]''
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* ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]''
* ''[[Main Hoon Aparajita]]''
*''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
*''[[Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal (TV series)|Pudhu Pudhu Arthangal]]''
*[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]] ,[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' are one of the different kind of  shows based on Women protagonist centric.
*''[[Mounaragam (Malayalam TV series)|Mounaragam]]'', ''[[Bhavana (TV series)|Bhavana]]'' are one of the different kind of  shows based on Women protagonist centric.
*''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.
*''[[Ekk Nayi Pehchaan]]'' a Women protagonist centric show which was dubbed in regional languages and was remade in Telugu Version as Maa Atta Bangaram.
==Tele serial impact in Films==
*2013 Tele series [[Ponnunjal (TV series)|Ponnunjal]] from the episode 102 dated 10/01/14 had a scene in popular 2014 film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] where S. Raghuvaran (Dhanush) watches Tv serial with Shalini's mother(Meera Krishnan)saying he doesnt prefers mother in law in that serial
*In [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist  Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed  infact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]].
==Films which acted as catalyst in tele series==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
|-
! rowspan="1" | Serial no
! rowspan="1" | Films
! colspan="1" | Tele-serials
! colspan="1" |Inspiration and ref notes                                                                                                       
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 1
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Biwi No.1]]
| This film had new idea  of emotions mixed with comedy ,charisma and the ability to rouse an audience
|[[Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti]].<ref> {{Cite news|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/kyun-rishton-mein-katti-batti-fans-can-spot-these-similarities-in-biwi-no-1-find-out/|title=Kyun Rishton Mein Katti Batti Fans Can Spot These Similarities In Biwi No. 1 – Find Out!|publisher=ZEE5.com|access-date=22 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 2
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Jab We Met]]
| One of the finest Romantic love stories with most interesting and enjoyable manner
| Many serials were inspired by the bubbly role Geet,[[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]'
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 3
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Vivah]]
|
|[[Sapna Babul Ka... Bidaai]] inspired from the Bollywood film Vivah of Rajshri Productions.<ref> {{Cite news|url=https://www.idiva.com/entertainment/tv/9-indian-t-v-serials-that-were-inspired-by-bollywood-films/17051989 |title=9 Indian T.V Serials That Were Inspired By Bollywood Films|publisher=idiva.com|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>,later remake as [[Pirivom Santhippom]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 4
| style="text-align: center;" |[[Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi]],[[Seeta Aur Geeta]]
| *This film is about twins and their different personalities and how Identical Twins Switch Places
| Many serials were made related to twins switched or swapped.
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | 5
| style="text-align: center;" | [[Arundhati (2009 film)|Arundhati]]
| Arundhati horror fantasy film reincarnation of great-grandmother Jejamma to seek vengeance of her past enemy  Pasupathi's spirit
| Thirumagal 2020 serial had supernatural horror  themes in 2023(from January 2023 to march 2023) as Anjali reincarnation of look alike great grand mother Azhagi who is Zaminadaari gets murdered by Malayaa,viewers Spotted these inspirations of the serial horror episodes  very loosly inspired from the film 
|}


==Indian television series inspired from films==
==Indian television series inspired from films==
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* [[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]] is a supernatural television series produced [[Balaji Telefilms]]by Ekta Kapoor inspired by [[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]
* [[Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani]] is a supernatural television series produced [[Balaji Telefilms]]by Ekta Kapoor inspired by [[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]
* [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Do Hanson Ka Jodaa]] was inspired from the film [[Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Indian shows inspired from films |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/web-stories/entertainment/television/naagin-dil-se-dil-tak-10-indian-television-shows-inspired-by-bollywood-films-1713263408768|website=dnaindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Love U Zindagi|Love U Zindagi - Geet Ke Funde]] is an Indian television series which premiered on 29 January 2011 on [[STAR Plus]] is loosely based on the [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Kareena Kapoor]] starrer ''[[Jab We Met]]''.


==Tele serial impact in Films==
==1990s Notable Telefilms & Televised series==
*2013 Tele series [[Ponnunjal (TV series)|Ponnunjal]] from the episode 102 dated 10/01/14 had a scene in popular 2014 film [[Velaiilla Pattadhari]] where S. Raghuvaran (Dhanush) watches Tv serial with Shalini's mother(Meera Krishnan)saying he doesnt like the mother in law in that serial
*Prem Daan (1992)by Actors [[Khushbu Sundar]] & [[Nitish Bharadwaj]]
*In [[Humraaz]] film the antagonist  Karan Malhotra (Akshaye Khanna) watches [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]] title song in order to irritate Raj Singhania (Bobby Deol) & tells in sarcastic way that his tape recorded about the Raj's planned murder will get exposed  infact it will be great hit than [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]].
*[[Kadhal Pagadai]](1996) series acted by [[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]] & [[Mohini (Tamil actress)|Mohini]] directed by veteran Tamil film director [[K. Balachander]].
*Bangle Box by Actor [[Nandita Das]]


==Web impact==
==Web impact==
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===''Sentiment/Dramatization type of Short film''===
===''Sentiment/Dramatization type of Short film''===
Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view [[dramatization]] type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.
Few set of viewers prefer short period of time so they view [[dramatization]] type of short films or short films which has a Social or Sentimental emotional theme or mixed content or potentially mature content.
*''Varthai Thavari Vittai'' by LightNSound Studios Tamil performed by Divya Ganesh:A break up story of Guy who puts his vent out & advises his girl friend to stay loyal to his partner.
*''Varthai Thavari Vittai'' by LightNSound Studios Tamil performed by Divya Ganesh:A break up story of Guy who puts his vent out & advises his betrayed ex-girl friend to stay loyal to his husband.
*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of a own friend who plays double games  and her insincere friendship which results in heartbreak  of her fellow friend and her guilty conscience irk her.
*''Kaadhal Pagadai''(காதல் பகடை)by Senthamizh Cinemas:The story of a own friend who plays double games  and her insincere friendship of stealing the fiancé-lover of friend which results in heartbreak  of her close friend but after her bad action her guilty conscience pricks her.
* ''Vasanthi'' short film by VTM Movie Makers  performed by Suganthi:A story that a husband undergoes mental trauma when someone says malicious things about his wife and in which he clarifies himself that he should not be diverted by gossip or doubt.   
* ''Vasanthi'' short film by VTM Movie Makers  performed by Suganthi:A story that a husband undergoes mental trauma when someone says malicious things about his wife and in which he clarifies himself that he should not be diverted by gossip or doubt.   
*''Angelina'' short film by  Galatta Originals performed by Dushara and [[Srithika]].:An orphan turns into Model and struggles of  her modelling journey where she finds inspiration from her role model.  
*''Angelina'' short film by  Galatta Originals performed by Dushara and [[Srithika]].:An orphan turns into Model and struggles of  her modelling journey where she finds inspiration from her role model.  
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