Prem Behari Narain Raizada: Difference between revisions

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 == Biography ==
 [[File:The Constitution of India (Original Calligraphed and Illuminated Version).djvu|thumb]]
-Raizada was born in December 1901 to a family of calligraphers.<ref name=":0" /> His mother and father both died when he was young and so Raizada was raised by his grandfather - himself a scholar of English and Persian - who would teach Raizada the art of Indian calligraphy. Raizada would go on to study at [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]] in [[Delhi]], where he continued to refine his calligraphic skills.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://iseeindia.com/2011/08/13/the-original-constitution-writer/|title=The original Constitution writer|date=2011-08-13|website=I See India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
-When the Indian Constitution was being drafted by the [[Constituent Assembly of India]] in the late 1940s, Raizada was asked by [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] to write out the first copy of the seminal document.<ref name=":0" /> Asked what he would charge for hand-writing the constitution, Raizada replied,
+Raizada was born in December 1901 into a [[Kayastha]] [[Saxena]] family known for their calligraphy. After the early loss of both his parents, he was brought up by his grandfather, a scholar proficient in English and Persian, who introduced him to the craft of Indian calligraphy. Raizada later attended St. Stephen's College in Delhi, where he continued to improve his calligraphy skills.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://iseeindia.com/2011/08/13/the-original-constitution-writer/|title=The original Constitution writer|date=2011-08-13|website=I See India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
+While the Indian Constitution was being created by the Constituent Assembly in the late 1940s, Jawaharlal Nehru requested Raizada to write the first copy of this important document.<ref name=":0" /> When asked how much he would charge for handwriting the constitution, Raizada responded,
 <blockquote>
 “Not a single penny. By the grace of God I have all the things, and am quite happy with my life,”
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 </blockquote>
-Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher of the Indian Constitution. The original constitution was written by him in a flowing italic style. The Calligraphy of the Hindi version of the Original Constitution was done by Vasant Krishan Vaidya.<ref name=":0" /> Working in a room in Constitution Hall (now known as the [[Constitution Club of India]]), he rendered the document - consisting of 395 articles, 8 schedules, and a preamble - over the course of six months.<ref name=":0" /> He incorporated his flowing style of calligraphy into the document, using hundreds of [[Nib (pen)|pen nibs]] in the course of his writing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/128712/prem-behari-raizada-india-constitution/|title=Prem Behari Narain Raizada: The Man Who (literally) Wrote India's Constitution|date=2018-01-22|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/reviving-the-forgotten-art-of-calligraphy-812267|title=Reviving the forgotten art of calligraphy|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> The stipulation that he and his grandfather's names be added to the document was honored, and both names can be seen in the document. When it was completed, the manuscript was 251 pages and weighed 3.75&nbsp;kg (8.26&nbsp;lbs).<ref name=":0" />
+Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher who wrote the Indian Constitution. He created the original document in a beautiful italic style. The Hindi version of the Constitution was written by Vasant Krishan Vaidya. Raizada worked in a room at Constitution Hall (now called the Constitution Club of India) and took six months to finish the document, which had 395 articles, 8 schedules, and a preamble. He used his special flowing style of writing and went through hundreds of pen nibs while working.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/128712/prem-behari-raizada-india-constitution/|title=Prem Behari Narain Raizada: The Man Who (literally) Wrote India's Constitution|date=2018-01-22|website=The Better India|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/reviving-the-forgotten-art-of-calligraphy-812267|title=Reviving the forgotten art of calligraphy|last=Service|first=Tribune News|website=Tribuneindia News Service|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref> He made sure that both his name and his grandfather's name were included in the document, and you can find them there. When he finished, the manuscript was 251 pages long and weighed 3.75&nbsp;kg.<ref name=":0" />
 The manuscript was completed on 26 November 1949, and was signed on 26 January 1950.<ref name=":0" />