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[[File:View of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.jpg|thumb|upright=1.45|alt=View of Florence showing the dome, which dominates everything around it. It is octagonal in plan and ovoid in section. It has wide ribs rising to the apex with red tiles in between and a marble lantern on top.|In adding the dome to the [[Florence Cathedral]] (Italy) in the early 15th century, the architect [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the [[architect]].<ref>Museo Galileo, Museum and Institute of History and Science, ''[http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/place/TheDomeOfSantaMariaFiore.html The Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401072804/http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/place/TheDomeOfSantaMariaFiore.html |date=1 April 2013 }}'', (accessed 30 January 2013)</ref><ref>Giovanni Fanelli, ''Brunelleschi'', Becocci, Florence (1980), Chapter: ''The Dome'' pp. 10–41.</ref>]] | [[File:View of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence.jpg|thumb|upright=1.45|alt=View of Florence showing the dome, which dominates everything around it. It is octagonal in plan and ovoid in section. It has wide ribs rising to the apex with red tiles in between and a marble lantern on top.|In adding the dome to the [[Florence Cathedral]] (Italy) in the early 15th century, the architect [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] not only transformed the building and the city, but also the role and status of the [[architect]].<ref>Museo Galileo, Museum and Institute of History and Science, ''[http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/place/TheDomeOfSantaMariaFiore.html The Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130401072804/http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/place/TheDomeOfSantaMariaFiore.html |date=1 April 2013 }}'', (accessed 30 January 2013)</ref><ref>Giovanni Fanelli, ''Brunelleschi'', Becocci, Florence (1980), Chapter: ''The Dome'' pp. 10–41.</ref>]] | ||
'''Architecture''' (Latin ''[[wikt:architectura#Latin|architectura]]'', from the Greek [[wikt:ἀρχιτέκτων|ἀρχιτέκτων]] ''arkhitekton'' "architect", from [[wikt:ἀρχι-|ἀρχι-]] "chief" and [[wikt:τέκτων|τέκτων]] "creator") is both the process and the product of [[planning]], [[design]]ing, and [[construction|constructing]] [[building]]s or other [[structure]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture|title=architecture|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref> Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as [[work of art|works of art]]. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Daniel Cilia|date=2004|first=Anthony|last=Pace|chapter=Tarxien|title=Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture|publisher=Miranda Publishers|isbn=978-9990985085}}</ref> | '''Architecture''' (Latin ''[[wikt:architectura#Latin|architectura]]'', from the Greek [[wikt:ἀρχιτέκτων|ἀρχιτέκτων]] ''arkhitekton'' "architect", from [[wikt:ἀρχι-|ἀρχι-]] "chief" and [[wikt:τέκτων|τέκτων]] "creator") is both the process and the product of [[planning]], [[design]]ing, and [[construction|constructing]] [[building]]s or other [[structure]]s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture|title=architecture|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2017-10-27}}</ref> Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as [[work of art|works of art]]. [[Historical]] civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Daniel Cilia|date=2004|first=Anthony|last=Pace|chapter=Tarxien|title=Malta before History – The World's Oldest Free Standing Stone Architecture|publisher=Miranda Publishers|isbn=978-9990985085}}</ref> | ||
The practice, which began in the [[Prehistory|prehistoric era]], has been used as a way of expressing [[culture]] for civilizations on all seven [[Continent|continents]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Things I Learned About "Home" from Talking to Architects on Every Continent|url=https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Apartment Therapy|language=en}}</ref> For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of [[art]]. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on [[architectural theory|architectural theories]] is the 1st century AD treatise ''[[De architectura]]'' by the Roman architect [[Vitruvius]], according to whom a good building embodies {{lang|la|firmitas, utilitas}}, and {{lang|la|venustas}} (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, [[Leon Battista Alberti]] developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. [[Giorgio Vasari]] wrote ''[[Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects]]'' and put forward the idea of style in the Western arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, [[Louis Sullivan]] declared that "[[form follows function]]". "Function" began to replace the classical "utility" and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural dimensions. The idea of [[sustainable architecture]] was introduced in the late 20th century. | The practice, which began in the [[Prehistory|prehistoric era]], has been used as a way of expressing [[culture]] for civilizations on all seven [[Continent|continents]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 Things I Learned About "Home" from Talking to Architects on Every Continent|url=https://www.apartmenttherapy.com/cultural-architecture-homes-36642082|access-date=2020-12-05|website=Apartment Therapy|language=en}}</ref> For this reason, architecture is considered to be a form of [[art]]. Texts on architecture have been written since ancient times. The earliest surviving text on [[architectural theory|architectural theories]] is the 1st century AD treatise ''[[De architectura]]'' by the Roman architect [[Vitruvius]], according to whom a good building embodies {{lang|la|firmitas, utilitas}}, and {{lang|la|venustas}} (durability, utility, and beauty). Centuries later, [[Leon Battista Alberti]] developed his ideas further, seeing beauty as an objective quality of buildings to be found in their proportions. [[Giorgio Vasari]] wrote ''[[Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects]]'' and put forward the idea of style in the Western arts in the 16th century. In the 19th century, [[Louis Sullivan]] declared that "[[form follows function]]". "Function" began to replace the classical "utility" and was understood to include not only practical but also aesthetic, psychological and cultural dimensions. The idea of [[sustainable architecture]] was introduced in the late 20th century. | ||