Bharatpedia

Mahameghavahana dynasty: Difference between revisions

Article Talk

Mahameghavahana dynasty (edit)

Revision as of 11:54, 23 July 2024

4,616 bytes removed ,  23 July 2024
update
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
(update)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Ancient Indian dynasty}}
{{Short description|Ancient Indian dynasty}}
{{Infobox country
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
| conventional_long_name = Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty<br />Mahāmēghabāhana
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
| common_name           = Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty<br />Mahāmēghabāhana
{{Infobox Former Country
| era                   = Classical India
| conventional_long_name   = Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty<br />Mahāmēghabāhana
| year_start             = 1st century BC
| common_name             = Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty<br />Mahāmēghabāhana
| year_end               = 4th century CE
| era                     = Classical India
| p1                     = Maurya Empire
| year_start               = 2nd or 1st century BC
| flag_p1                = Ashoka Maurya Empire.png
| year_end                 = 4th century CE
| p2                     = Satavahanas
| p1                       = Maurya Empire
| flag_p2                = Map_of_the_Satavahanas.png
| p2                       = Satavahanas
| s1                     = Kushan Empire
| s1                       = Kushan Empire
| flag_s1                = Map of the Kushan Empire.png
| s2                       = Murunda dynasty
| s2                     = Murunda dynasty
| s3                       = Gupta Empire
| s3                     = Gupta Empire
| religion                 = [[Jainism]]
| flag_s3                = Map_of_the_Gupta_Empire.png
| government_type         = Monarchy
| religion               = [[Jainism]]
| leader1                 = Vriddharaja
| government_type       = Monarchy
| leader2                  = Kharavela
| title_leader          = [[Maharajadhiraj]] (Emperor)
| leader3                  = Kudepasiri
|leader1               = Mahameghvahan
|image_map              = Map of the Maha-Meghavahanas.png
|year_leader1 = 1st c. BC-unkown
|image_map_alt          = Map of the Maha-Megavahanas.
|leader                =  
|image_map_caption      = Map of the Maha-Meghavahanas, circa 20 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (f)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>
| year_leader2 =  
|map_width = 290
| demonym                =
| area_km2              =
| area_rank              =  
| image_map              = Map of the Maha-Meghavahanas-min.png
| image_map_alt          = Map of the Maha-Megavahanas.
| image_map_caption      = Map of the Maha-Meghavahanas, circa 20 BCE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (f)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>
| map_width             = 290
}}
}}
The '''Mahameghavahana dynasty''' ([[IAST]]:Mahā-Mēgha-Vāhana;, 1st century BC to early 4th century CE<ref name="Sahu">{{Cite journal|last=Sahu|first=J. K.|date=1977|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=38|pages=49–54|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44139050|title=The Meghas of Kosala}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187259/13/13_chapter%202.pdf|title=The Meghas of Kosala|last=Sahu|first=J.K.|date=1977|website=shodhganga}}</ref>) was an ancient Indian dynasty of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] after the decline of the [[Maurya Empire]].<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (f)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref> In the 1st c. B.C., a king of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]], Mahameghavahana conquered [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] and [[Kosala]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282457|title=Tribes in Ancient India|last=L Bhagawandas Gandhi|date=1927}}</ref> They belonged to the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chedi-Chandel]] clan of the [[Lunar dynasty|Chandravansh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taṇḍana |first=Premanārāyaṇa |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a0shAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq52v2LaBAxWG1GEKHX_kClE4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%20%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%20%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2 |title=ब्रजभाषा सूर-कोश: Nirdeśaka Dīnadayālu Gupta |date=1962 |publisher=Lakhanaū Viśvavidyālaya |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dikshit |first=R. K. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA130&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=V%E1%B9%9B%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87%C4%ABs&f=false |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |date=1976 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-046-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Dr Shyam Bahadur |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Prabhat_Brihat_Hindi_Shabdakosh_Vol_1.html?id=hr9Zl_7g8HAC |title=Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh (Vol-1): Bestseller Book by Dr Shyam Bahadur Verma: Prabhat Brihat Hindi Shabdakosh) |date=2010-01-01 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7315-769-1 |language=hi}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Badrinath |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brihat_Pramanik_Hindi_Kosh.html?id=hkmDkkI5JYYC |title=Brihat Pramanik Hindi Kosh |date=2006-09-01 |publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8031-057-7 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Thakur ‘Bipin’ |first=Dr Bindeshwari Prasad |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=2Ht3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiikYfu2baBAxUddfUHHTlyCisQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2&f=false |title=BHARTIYA SANSKRITI KE GAKAAR PRATEEK |publisher=Sarv Bhasha Trust |isbn=978-93-93605-21-4 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="MajumdarBhavan1951">{{cite book |author=[[Ramesh Chandra Majumdar]] |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The age of imperial unity; 2d ed. 1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3dDAAAAYAAJ |year=1951 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Society |first=Bihar and Orissa Research |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=IahEAQAAMAAJ&q=kharavela+chakravarti&dq=kharavela+chakravarti&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgorSBt66BAxWSPXAKHWHvDBAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#kharavela%20chakravarti |title=Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society |date=1917 |publisher=The Society |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=M2Pr0PCTYV4C&q=kharavela+Agramahishi&dq=kharavela+Agramahishi&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY4Ze-tq6BAxXYO3AKHaXqBHwQ6AF6BAgOEAM#kharavela%20Agramahishi |title=Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society |date=1946 |publisher=Andhra Historical Research Society |language=en}}</ref>
{{South Asia in 50 CE}}
{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}
The '''Mahameghavahana dynasty''' ({{IAST|Mahā-Mēgha-Vāhana}}, 2nd or 1st century BC to early 4th century CE<ref name="Sahu">{{Cite journal|last=Sahu|first=J. K.|date=1977|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=38|pages=49–54|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44139050|title=The Meghas of Kosala}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187259/13/13_chapter%202.pdf|title=The Meghas of Kosala|last=Sahu|first=J.K.|date=1977|website=shodhganga}}</ref>) was an ancient ruling dynasty of [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga]] after the decline of the [[Maurya Empire]].<ref>For a map of their territory see: {{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (f)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref> In the first century B.C., Mahameghavahana, a king of Chedirastra (or Cetarattha, i.e., kingdom of the [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi]]s)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282457|title=Tribes in Ancient India|last=L Bhagawandas Gandhi|date=1927}}</ref> conquered [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]] and [[Kosala]]. During the reign of [[Kharavela]], the third king of Mahameghavahana dynasty, South Kosala became an integral part of the kingdom. He patronised [[Jainism]], but did not discriminate against other religions.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JuAAAAMAAJ|title=A History of the Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism|author=Hampa Nagarajaiah|publisher=Ankita Pustaka|year=1999|isbn=978-81-87321-16-3|page=10|author-link=Hampa Nagarajaiah}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hNPAQAAIAAJ|title=History of Jainism|author=Kailash Chand Jain|publisher=D. K. Print World (P) Limited|year=2010|isbn=978-81-246-0547-9|page=437}}</ref> He is known by his [[Hathigumpha inscription]].


The dynasty was established Kalinga in the 1st century by a ruler Mahameghavahana from the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chedi-Chandel]] clan. 3rd one was [[Chakravartin]] Kharavela or Bhikshurajvarman, he drove out the Indo-Greek ruler [[Demetrius I of Bactria|Demetrius I]] from [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=C.S.Natarajan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=H91LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT234&dq=Kharavela+defeated+Greek&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwy-uvhLSBAxWZb94KHUBcAVk4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Kharavela%20defeated%20Greek&f=false |title=National Words: A Solution to the National Language Problem of India |date=2018-02-13 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-948147-14-9 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanyal |first=Sanjeev |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0SD5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT56&dq=Kharavela+defeated+Greek&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwij1LuChLSBAxV8dPUHHSmQCrEQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=Kharavela%20defeated%20Greek&f=false |title=Incredible History of the Indian Ocean |date=2020-09-14 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5305-962-0 |language=en}}</ref> He humiliated [[Maurya Empire|Mauryans]] and conquered [[Pushyamitra Shunga]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Manmatha Nath |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32999 |title=Glimpses Of Kalinga History |date=1949}}</ref> [[Satavahanas]], Musikas, Bhojakas, Rastrikas and Pandyas. His empire had extensive trade with Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Manmatha Nath |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32999 |title=Glimpses Of Kalinga History |date=1949}}</ref> He patronised [[Jainism]], but did not discriminate against other religions.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1JuAAAAMAAJ|title=A History of the Early Ganga Monarchy and Jainism|author=Hampa Nagarajaiah|publisher=Ankita Pustaka|year=1999|isbn=978-81-87321-16-3|page=10|author-link=Hampa Nagarajaiah}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3hNPAQAAIAAJ|title=History of Jainism|author=Kailash Chand Jain|publisher=D. K. Print World (P) Limited|year=2010|isbn=978-81-246-0547-9|page=437}}</ref> South Kosala was later conquered by [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] in the early part of the 2nd century CE and remained in their possession up to the second half of the 2nd century CE. It was during the second and third century CE, the Meghas or Meghavahanas reappeared in the political scene and regained their suzerainty over South Kosala. [[Samudragupta]] during his [[Dakshinapatha|Daksinapatha]] expedition, defeated [[Mahendra of Dakshina Kosala|Mahendra of Kosala]] who probably belonged to the Megha dynasty. As a result, the South Kosala during the fourth century A.D, became a part of the Gupta empire.<ref name="Sahu"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187259/13/13_chapter%202.pdf|title=The Meghas of Kosala|last=Sahu|first=J.K|website=shodhganga}}</ref>
South Kosala was later conquered by [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] of the [[Satavahana dynasty]] in the early part of the 2nd century CE and remained in their possession up to the second half of the 2nd century CE. It was during the second and third century CE, the Meghas or Meghavahanas reappeared in the political scene and regained their suzerainty over South Kosala. [[Samudragupta]] during his [[Dakshinapatha]] expedition, defeated [[Mahendra of Dakshina Kosala]] who probably belonged to the Megha dynasty according to a speculation. As a result, the South Kosala during the fourth century A.D, became a part of the Gupta empire.<ref name="Sahu"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/187259/13/13_chapter%202.pdf|title=The Meghas of Kosala|last=Sahu|first=J.K|website=shodhganga}}</ref>
 
The Sada dynasty who ruled form [[Amaravati]] region in their inscription from [[Guntupalli Group of Buddhist Monuments|Guntapalli]] describe themselves as Maharaja of Kalinga Mahisaka countries belonging to Mahameghavahana family.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shimada|first=Akira|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YweEJsuLNCUC&q=the+sadas&pg=PA43|title=Early Buddhist Architecture in Context: The Great St?pa at Amar?vat? (ca. 300 BCE-300 CE)|date=9 November 2012|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-23283-9|language=en}}</ref>


==List of rulers==
==List of rulers==
The Hathigumpha inscription describes the following Rulers.<ref name="Bhagwan_1883">{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the Leyden International Oriental Congress for 1883 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=womFcFAtU7MC&pg=PA144 |year=1885 |author=Bhagwanlal Indraji |author-link=Bhagwanlal Indraji |chapter=The Hâtigumphâ and three other inscriptions in the Udayagiri caves near Cuttack |pages=144–180 }}</ref> It does not directly mention the relationship between Mahameghavahana and Kharavela, or the number of kings between them.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA176 |year=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |pages=176–177 }}</ref> Indraji interpreted the inscription to create the following hypothetical family tree:<ref name="Bhagwan_1883"/>
The Hathigumpha inscription describes the following rulers.<ref name="Bhagwan_1883">{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the Leyden International Oriental Congress for 1883 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=womFcFAtU7MC&pg=PA144 |year=1885 |author=Bhagwanlal Indraji |author-link=Bhagwanlal Indraji |chapter=The Hâtigumphâ and three other inscriptions in the Udayagiri caves near Cuttack |pages=144–180 }}</ref> It does not directly mention the relationship between Mahameghavahana and Kharavela, or the number of kings between them.<ref>{{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA176 |year=1999 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 |pages=176–177 }}</ref> Some historians have interpreted the inscription to create the following hypothetical family tree:<ref name="Bhagwan_1883"/>


{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
Line 44: Line 41:
{{Tree chart| |Vud| | | |Has| | |Vud=Vudharaja (a.k.a. Vriddharaja)|Has=Hastisaha (a.k.a. Hastisimha)}}
{{Tree chart| |Vud| | | |Has| | |Vud=Vudharaja (a.k.a. Vriddharaja)|Has=Hastisaha (a.k.a. Hastisimha)}}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | |!| |}}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | |!| |}}
{{Tree chart| |Kha|-|v|-|Dau|Kha=[[Kharavela]] (a.k.a. Bhiku,Bhikshuraja)|Dau=Daughter}}
{{Tree chart| |Kha|-|v|-|Dau|Kha=[[Kharavela]] (a.k.a. Bhiku, Bhikshuraja)|Dau=Daughter}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | |!| | | |}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |Vak| | | |Vak=Vakradeva (a.k.a. Kudepasiri)}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |Vak| | | |Vak=Vakradeva (a.k.a. Kudepasiri)}}
Bharatwiki Socrates
Autopatrolled, New page reviewers, Rollbackers
2,186

edits

Retrieved from "https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/445642"