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{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| title = Paramabhattaraka | | title = Paramabhattaraka <br>Maharajadhiraja <br>Paramesvara | ||
| image = | | image = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| succession = 4th [[Gurjara | | succession = 4th [[Gurjara Pratihara]] king | ||
| reign = {{circa| | | reign = {{circa|795|833}} | ||
| predecessor = [[Vatsaraja]] | | predecessor = [[Vatsaraja]] | ||
| successor = [[Ramabhadra]] | | successor = [[Ramabhadra]] | ||
|dynasty = [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] | |||
|religion = [[Hinduism]] | |||
| father = [[Vatsaraja]] | | father = [[Vatsaraja]] | ||
| mother = Sundari-Devi | | mother = Sundari-Devi | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nagabhata II''' (reign | '''Nagabhata II''' (reign 795–833) was an [[List of Indian monarchs|Indian Emperor]] from [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]]. He ascended the throne of [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty]] after his father [[Vatsraja]].<ref>{{cite book | ||
| title =A historical review of Hindu India: 300 B. C. to 1200 A. D. | | title =A historical review of Hindu India: 300 B. C. to 1200 A. D. | ||
| author =Panchānana Rāya | | author =Panchānana Rāya | ||
| Line 21: | Line 23: | ||
}}</ref> His mother was queen Sundari-Devi. He was designated with imperial titles - ''Paramabhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Paramesvara'' after conquest of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}}<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=275|isbn=8129108909}}</ref> | }}</ref> His mother was queen Sundari-Devi. He was designated with imperial titles - ''Paramabhattaraka'', ''Maharajadhiraja'', and ''Paramesvara'' after conquest of [[Kannauj]].{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}}<ref>{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=275|isbn=8129108909}}</ref> | ||
==Reign== | == Reign == | ||
{{ | Nagabhata II was succeeded by [[Ramabhadra]]. Some earlier historians identified Nagabhata with [[Āma]], who according to the Jain accounts, died in 832-833 CE (see [[Āma#Identification with Nagabhata II]]). Based on this identification, Nagabhata's reign is theorized to have ended around 833 CE. Historian Shyam Manohar Mishra, who disagrees with this identification, places Nagabhata's death around 825 CE.{{sfn|Shyam Manohar Mishra|1977|pp=121-124}} | ||
==Military career== | |||
=== Tripartite Struggle === | |||
{{see also|Kannauj#The_Kannauj_Triangle|l1=The Kannauj Triangle wars|Tripartite Struggle}} | |||
Nagabhata II finds a mention in the Gwalior inscription. He defeated the rulers of Sindhu, Andhra, Vidarbha, Kalinga, Matsyas, Vatsas, Malavas, Kiratas, Anartas and the Arabs. He had defeated [[Saindhava]] ruler Ranaka I and conquered the western [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] (now in [[Gujarat]]).<ref>History of Rajasthan Rima Hooja pg - 276 Roopa Publishers</ref><ref name="Sen1999">{{cite book|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA343|date=1 January 1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=978-81-224-1198-0|pages=343}}</ref> He also defeated [[Ayudha dynasty#Chakrayudha|Chakrayudh at Kannauj]].<ref name=Sen>Sen, S.N., 2013, A Textbook of Medieval Indian History, Delhi: Primus Books, {{ISBN|9789380607344}}</ref>{{rp|20}} He was later defeated by the [[Rashtrakuta]] [[Govinda III|Emperor Govinda III]] (793–814) and lost Malwa and Gujarat. However, he recovered [[Malwa]] from the [[Rashtrakuta]]s, conquered [[Kanauj]] and the [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] as far as [[Bihar]] from the [[Pala Dynasty|Palas]], and again checked the [[Muslim]]s in the west. [[Kanauj]] became the center of the Pratihara state, which covered much of northern [[India]] during the peak of their power (836–910).{{sfn|Rama Shankar Tripathi|1964|p=233}} | |||
Nagabhata II | An inscription of his descendant, [[Mihira Bhoja]] describes Nagabhata II as "who, desirous of the great growth of virtuous acts, enjoined in the Veda, performed a series of religious ceremonies according to the custom of [[Kshatriya]] families." Nagabhata is said to have been a devotee of [[Bhagavati]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Rajasthan Through the Ages,Studies in Indian history |first1=S.R. Bakshi |last1=R.K. Gupta |publisher=Swarup & Sons|year=2008 |location=Rajasthan |pages=42|volume=1|isbn=9788176258418}}</ref> | ||
Nagabhatta faced a large Pala army in his early career, which had an elephant force of 50,000, led by King Dharmapala himself at [[Mungar]], Nagabhata emerged victorious. The Chatsu Inscription of his [[Guhila]] feudatory Baladitya (813 AD) states that Shankaragana Guhila, who fought on the behalf of Vatsaraja fulfilled his vow by {{blockquote|"defeating Bhata, the Gauda ruler, in battle, and presented the earth at his master’s(Vatsaraja) feet”.}}<ref name="8129108909 p277-285">{{cite book|title=A History of Rajasthan |first1=Rima |last1=Hooja |publisher=Rupa & Company |year=2006 |location=Rajasthan |pages=277|isbn=8129108909}}</ref> | |||
=== Defeat by Devapāla === | |||
{{Main articles|Devapāla's Campaigns against Pratiharas}} | |||
After the death of [[Dharmapala (emperor)|Dharmapāla]], Nagabhata II tried to assert his power and he may have obtained some success. However, [[Devapala (Pala dynasty)|Devapāla]] soon re-established Pala supremacy after his victory against the [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Pratiharas]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R.C. |url=http://archive.org/details/ageofimperialkan04bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 04, The Age Of Imperial Kanauj |date=2009 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=50–51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Others |first=Muzaffar H. Syed & |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy5gEAAAQBAJ |title=History of Indian Nation : Ancient India |date=2022-02-20 |publisher=K.K. Publications |pages=287 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||
{{Succession box | {{Succession box | ||
| title = [[Pratihara|Gurjara Pratihara Emperor]] | | title = [[Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty|Gurjara Pratihara Emperor]] | ||
| years =750–780 | | years =750–780 | ||
| before =[[Vatsaraja]] (780–800) | | before =[[Vatsaraja]] (780–800) | ||
| Line 54: | Line 63: | ||
[[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]] | [[Category:9th-century Indian monarchs]] | ||
[[Category:833 deaths]] | [[Category:833 deaths]] | ||
[[Category:Pratihara | [[Category:Pratihara emperors]] | ||
{{India-royal-stub}} | {{India-royal-stub}} | ||