2008 Mumbai attacks: Difference between revisions

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| weapons          = [[AK-47]], [[RDX]], [[Improvised explosive device|IEDs]], [[grenade]]s

The '''2008 Mumbai attacks'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://specials.manoramaonline.com/Onmanorama/2018/mumbai-attack/index.html |title=10 years on, revisiting Mumbai's terror hours |website=[[Onmanorama]] |access-date=16 November 2018 |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126135240/https://specials.manoramaonline.com/Onmanorama/2018/mumbai-attack/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> (also referred to as '''26/11 attacks''' or '''26 November attacks''')<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/26-11-mumbai-terror-attacks-aftermath-security-audits-carried-out-on-227-non-major-seaports-till-dat-1780189 |title=26/11 Mumbai Terror Attacks Aftermath: Security Audits Carried Out On 227 Non-Major Seaports Till Date |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |date=26 November 2017 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=7 December 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623070847/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/26-11-mumbai-terror-attacks-aftermath-security-audits-carried-out-on-227-non-major-seaports-till-dat-1780189 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{efn|name=NoteA|The expression "26/11" is pronounced "twenty-six eleven". The [[Slash (punctuation)|slash]] is not part of the pronunciation.}} were a series of [[terrorism|terrorist attacks]] that took place in November 2008, when 10 members of [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]], a militant [[Islamist]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Terror Attacks Fast Facts |date=19 September 2013 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/asia/mumbai-terror-attacks/ |publisher=CNN |access-date=21 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522031149/http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/asia/mumbai-terror-attacks/ |archive-date=22 May 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> organisation from [[Pakistan]], carried out 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days across [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/opinion/18friedman.html |title=No Way, No How, Not Here |first=Thomas |last=Friedman |date=17 February 2009 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829011434/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/18/opinion/18friedman.html |archive-date=29 August 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Muslims hailed for not burying 26/11 attackers |url=http://sify.com/news/indian-muslims-hailed-for-not-burying-26-11-attackers-news-international-jegsNXehjhc.html |date=19 February 2009 |website=Sify News |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023095818/http://sify.com/news/indian-muslims-hailed-for-not-burying-26-11-attackers-news-international-jegsNXehjhc.html |archive-date=23 October 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="abc20091125">{{Cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/mumbai-terror-attacks-pakistanis-charged/story?id=9176592 |title=Mumbai Terror Attacks: 7 Pakistanis Charged&nbsp;– Action Comes a Year After India's Worst Terrorist Attacks; 164 Die |first=Nick |last=Schifrin |date=25 November 2009 |website=[[ABC News]] |access-date=17 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127091951/http://abcnews.go.com/International/mumbai-terror-attacks-pakistanis-charged/story?id=9176592 |archive-date=27 November 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks, which drew widespread global condemnation, began on Wednesday 26 November and lasted until Saturday 29 November 2008. A total of 175 people died, including nine attackers, and more than 300 were wounded.<ref name=Journal.Mortality /><ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mumbai-terrorist-attacks-of-2008 |title=Mumbai terrorist attacks of 2008 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626195250/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mumbai-terrorist-attacks-of-2008 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guardian-condemn">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/28/mumbai-terror-attacks-international-response |title=Attacks draw worldwide condemnation |last=Black |first=Ian |date=28 November 2008 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |location=London, UK |access-date=5 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201072241/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/28/mumbai-terror-attacks-international-response |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Eight of the attacks occurred in [[South Mumbai]]: at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]], the [[Trident Hotel, Nariman Point|Oberoi Trident]], the [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Palace & Tower]],<ref name="FOXNews-Sites-List">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2008 |title=Wave of Terror Attacks Strikes India's Mumbai, Killing at Least 182 |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,457885,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204073907/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C457885%2C00.html |archive-date=4 December 2008 |access-date=3 December 2008 |publisher=Fox News}}</ref> the [[Leopold Cafe]], the [[Cama Hospital]],<ref name="FOXNews-Sites-List" /> the [[Nariman House]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/asia/03jews.html |title=Jews of Mumbai, a Tiny and Eclectic Group, Suddenly Reconsider Their Serene Existence |last=Kahn |first=Jeremy |date=2 December 2008 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=3 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820093304/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/asia/03jews.html?ref=world |archive-date=20 August 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ten-years-after-26/11-chabad-house-continues-to-stand-tall/articleshow/66784843.cms |title=Ten years after 26/11 Chabad House continues to stand tall |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=25 February 2020 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308104856/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ten-years-after-26/11-chabad-house-continues-to-stand-tall/articleshow/66784843.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> the [[Metro Adlabs|Metro Cinema]],<ref name="Magnier"/> and in a lane behind the ''[[Times of India]]'' building and [[St. Xavier's College, Mumbai|St. Xavier's College]].<ref name="FOXNews-Sites-List" /> There was also an explosion at [[Mazagaon]], in Mumbai's port area, and in a taxi at [[Vile Parle]].<ref name="Tracing the terror route">{{Cite news |date=10 December 2008 |title=Tracing the terror route |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |location=Mumbai |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Tracing-the-terror-route/396335 |url-status=live |access-date=9 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200354/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/tracing-the-terror-route/ |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> By the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Hotel had been secured by the [[Mumbai Police]] and security forces. On 29 November, India's [[National Security Guards]] (NSG) conducted Operation Black Tornado to flush out the remaining attackers; it culminated in the death of the last remaining attackers at the Taj Hotel and ended the attacks.<ref name="BBC-2008-11-29">{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7756068.stm |title=Police declare Mumbai siege over |date=29 November 2008 |website=BBC News |access-date=29 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081129143000/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7756068.stm |archive-date=29 November 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Before his execution in 2012, [[Ajmal Kasab]],<ref name="Terrorist's name lost in transliteration">{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/06/stories/2008120661211200.htm |title=Terrorist's name lost in transliteration |date=6 December 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai |access-date=7 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208090328/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/06/stories/2008120661211200.htm |archive-date=8 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the sole surviving attacker, disclosed that the attackers were members of the terrorist group [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/ |title=Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (aka Lashkar e-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba) |first=Jayshree |last=Bajoria |date=14 January 2010 |website=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |access-date=31 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605151918/http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/ |archive-date=5 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and were [[Agent handling|controlled]] from Pakistan, corroborating initial claims from the Indian Government.<ref name="NPR-2008-12-03">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/world/asia/04india.html |title=Ex-US Official Cites Pakistani Training for India Attackers |last1=Schmitt |first1=Eric |last2=Sengupta |first2=Somini |date=3 December 2008 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=14 February 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402032918/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/world/asia/04india.html |archive-date=2 April 2009}}</ref> Pakistan later confirmed that the sole surviving perpetrator of the attacks was a Pakistani citizen.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2009 |title=Mumbai siege: 'Kill all the hostages – except the two Muslims' |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mumbai-siege-kill-all-the-hostages-ndash-except-the-two-muslims-1232074.html |access-date=26 November 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126064047/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/mumbai-siege-kill-all-the-hostages-ndash-except-the-two-muslims-1232074.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TIME08JAN2009">{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1870267,00.html |title=Pakistan Continues to Resist India Pressure on Mumbai |first=Omar |last=Waraich |date=8 January 2009 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=8 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114080611/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0%2C8599%2C1870267%2C00.html |archive-date=14 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 9 April 2015, the foremost ringleader of the attacks, [[Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi]], was released on bail and disappeared;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32250763 |title=Mumbai attack suspect Lakhvi released on bail in Pakistan |work=BBC News |date=10 April 2015 | access-date=10 April 2015 | archive-date=12 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412183524/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32250763 | url-status=live}}</ref> he was arrested again in [[Lahore]] on 2 January 2021.<ref>{{cite web |first=Asim |last=Tanveer |url=https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-2008-mumbai-attacks-counterterrorism-mumbai-india-aa6214946a60375bcd0bd7a60ae193db |title=Pakistan arrests key militant on terror financing charges |work=Associated Press |date=2 January 2021 | access-date=2 January 2021 | archive-date=4 January 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104113819/https://apnews.com/article/pakistan-2008-mumbai-attacks-counterterrorism-mumbai-india-aa6214946a60375bcd0bd7a60ae193db | url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukhari |first=Mubasher |date=2 January 2021 |title=Pakistan arrests alleged militant group leader Zaki ur Rehman Lakhvi on terrorism financing charge |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/pakistan-arrest-mumbai-idUSKBN2970C0 |access-date=4 January 2021 |work=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105095106/https://www.reuters.com/article/pakistan-arrest-mumbai-idUSKBN2970C0 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, former Pakistani prime minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] suggested that the Pakistani government played a role in the 2008 Mumbai attack.<ref name="Farmer2019">{{cite news |last1=Farmer |first1=Ben |title=Pakistan trained al-Qaeda, says Imran Khan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/24/pakistan-trained-al-qaeda-says-imran-khan/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=24 September 2019 |date=24 September 2019 |quote=Pakistan's security apparatus has in the past angrily rejected politicians linking it to militancy. Nawaz Sharif, the former prime minister, faced treason charges last year after an interview where he confirmed that Pakistani state played a role in the 2008 Mumbai attack that killed 166 people. |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924190928/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/24/pakistan-trained-al-qaeda-says-imran-khan/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, one of the masterminds of the attack, [[Sajid Mir (terrorist)|Sajid Majeed Mir]] —who had been earlier claimed to be dead by the Pakistan Government— was convicted for funding terrorist activities by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pakistan quietly jails 26/11 handler Sajid Mir for 15 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/pakistan-quietly-jails-26/11-handler-sajid-mir-for-15-years-in-terror-financing-case/articleshow/92449112.cms |newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Following are the top foreign stories at 1700 hours |website=The Week |date=2022-06-25 |url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2022/06/25/fgn41-top-foreign-stories-at-1700-hours.html | access-date=2022-06-27 |quote=was earlier declared dead by Pakistan, has been jailed for over 15 years in a terror-financing case}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan Court Sentences 26/11 Terror Attack Mastermind to 15 Years in Jail |website=The Wire |date=2018-11-26 |url=https://thewire.in/law/pakistan-court-sentences-26-11-terror-attack-mastermind-to-15-years-in-jail | access-date=2022-06-27 |quote=Pakistani authorities had in the past claimed he had died, but Western countries remained unconvinced and demanded proof of his death.}}</ref>

There had been many terrorist attacks in Mumbai since the 13 coordinated [[1993 Bombay bombings|bomb explosions]] that killed 257 people and injured 700 on 12 March 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12/newsid_4272000/4272943.stm |title=1993: Bombay hit by devastating bombs |date=12 March 1993 |website=BBC News |access-date=12 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211202614/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/12/newsid_4272000/4272943.stm |archive-date=11 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> The 1993 attacks were carried out in revenge for earlier religious riots that killed many Muslims.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33713846 |title=How the 1993 blasts changed Mumbai forever |date=30 July 2015 |website=BBC News |access-date=29 November 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626125420/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-33713846 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 6 December 2002, a blast in a [[Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport|BEST]] bus near [[Ghatkopar]] station killed two people and injured 28.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/dec/02mum.htm |title=Blast outside Ghatkopar station in Mumbai, 10 killed |date=6 December 2002 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=11 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080811153416/http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/dec/02mum.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> The bombing occurred on the 10th anniversary of the [[Babri Mosque#Demolition|demolition of the Babri Mosque]] in [[Ayodhya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/6/newsid_3712000/3712777.stm |title=1992: Mob rips apart mosque in Ayodhya |date=6 December 1992 |website=BBC News |access-date=11 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207084212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/6/newsid_3712000/3712777.stm |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> A [[bicycle bomb]] exploded near the [[Vile Parle]] station in Mumbai, killing one person and injuring 25 on 27 January 2003, a day before the visit of the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] of India [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] to the city.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/35711165.cms |title=1 killed, 25 hurt in Vile Parle blast |date=28 January 2003 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=14 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114012444/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/35711165.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> On 13 March 2003, a day after the 10th anniversary of the 1993 Bombay bombings, a bomb exploded in a train compartment near the [[Mulund]] station, killing 10 people and injuring 70.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2848123.stm |title=Fear after Bombay train blast |date=14 March 2003 |website=BBC News |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=4 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204104541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2848123.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 July 2003, a blast in a BEST bus in Ghatkopar killed 4 people and injured 32.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/28blast.htm |title=Blast in Ghatkopar in Mumbai, 4 killed and 32 injured |first1=Vijay |last1=Singh |first2=Syed Firdaus |last2=Ashra |date=29 July 2003 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908095938/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/jul/28blast.htm |archive-date=8 September 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 August 2003, two bombs exploded in [[South Mumbai]], one near the [[Gateway of India]] and the other at [[Zaveri Bazaar]] in [[Kalbadevi]]. At least 44 people were killed and 150 injured.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/25/newsid_3921000/3921475.stm |title=2003: Bombay rocked by twin car bombs |date=25 August 2003 |website=BBC News |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=10 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120410202413/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/25/newsid_3921000/3921475.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 July 2006, seven bombs exploded within 11&nbsp;minutes on the [[Mumbai Suburban Railway|Suburban Railway]] in Mumbai,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/11slid1.htm |title=For the record: The 11/7 chargesheet |date=11 July 2008 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-date=12 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012085159/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/11slid1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> killing 209 people, including 22 foreigners<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India_A_major_terror_target_/articleshow/3654886.cms |title=India: A major terror target |date=30 October 2008 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=11 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112172125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/India_A_major_terror_target_/articleshow/3654886.cms |archive-date=12 January 2009}}</ref><ref name="CNN-Gunfire">{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/ |title=Gunfire heard at two Mumbai hotels |date=27 November 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144853/http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/11/26/india.attacks/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/terrorthreatinte0000hami |url-access=registration |title=Terror Threat: International and Homegrown Terrorists and Their Threat to Canada |first1=Dwight |last1=Hamilton |first2=Kostas |last2=Rimsa |date=19 November 2007 |publisher=Dundurn Press Ltd. |isbn=978-1-55002-736-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/terrorthreatinte0000hami/page/103 103] |access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> and more than 700 injured.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=71404 |title=Rs 50,000 not enough for injured |date=21 July 2006 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |location=Mumbai |access-date=11 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114034406/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=71404 |archive-date=14 January 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.sascv.org/ijcjs/editorial4ijcjs.html |title=India's 26/11: From Communal Violence to Communal Terrorism to Terrorism |last=Jaishankar |first=K. |year=2007 |journal=International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences |volume=2 |issue=2 |access-date=19 June 2014 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144919/http://www.sascv.org/ijcjs/editorial4ijcjs.html |url-status=live}}</ref> According to the [[Mumbai Police]], the bombings were carried out by [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] (LeT) and [[Students Islamic Movement of India]] (SIMI).<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/30/india.bombs/index.html?section=cnn_world# |title=India police: Indian Government spy agency behind Mumbai bombings |date=1 October 2006 |publisher=CNN |access-date=11 November 2008 |archive-date=23 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423062022/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/09/30/india.bombs/index.html?section=cnn_world |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2052996.cms |title=Mumbai Police blames ISI, LeT for 7/11 blasts |date=30 September 2006 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=11 November 2008 |archive-date=19 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819125401/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2052996.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

*Psychological: [[Indoctrination]] to [[Islamist]] Jihadi ideas, including imagery of atrocities suffered by Muslims in India,<ref name="hindu.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120259961000.htm |title=A journey into the Lashkar |first=Praveen |last=Swami |date=2 December 2008 |location=Chennai |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205005025/http://www.hindu.com/2008/12/02/stories/2008120259961000.htm |archive-date=5 December 2008 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Chechnya]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], and across the globe.

*Basic Combat: Lashkar's basic combat training and methodology course, the ''Daura Aam''.

*Advanced Training: Selected to undergo advanced combat training at a camp near [[Mansehra]], a course the organisation calls the ''Daura Khaas''.<ref name="hindu.com" /> According to an unnamed source at the [[United States Department of Defense|US Defense Department]], this includes advanced weapons and explosives training supervised by former members of the [[Pakistan Army]],<ref name="NPR-2008-12-03" /> along with [[survival training]] and further [[indoctrination]].

*[[Commando]] Training: Finally, an even smaller group was selected for specialized commando tactics training, and marine navigation training was given to the [[Fedayeen]] unit that was selected, in order to target Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-mumbai-militants-sb-idUSTRE4AS09W20081129 |title=Militants in Mumbai wanted an Indian 9/11 |last=Williams |first=Matthias |date=29 November 2008 |work=Reuters |access-date=16 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022700/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/29/us-india-mumbai-militants-sb-idUSTRE4AS09W20081129 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The first events were detailed around 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time]] (IST) on 26 November, when 10 men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in [[Colaba]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2021 |title=Mumbai Terror Attacks Fast Facts |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/18/world/asia/mumbai-terror-attacks/index.html/ |access-date=7 July 2022 |website=CNN |language=en-US}}</ref> They reportedly told local [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking fishermen who asked them who they were to "mind their own business" before they split up and headed two different ways. The fishermen's subsequent report to the police department received little response and local police failed to act.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/171056 |title=India-Pakistan Tensions Grow in Wake of Attacks |first1=Ron |last1=Moreau |last2=Mazumdar |first2=Sudip |date=27 November 2008 |newspaper=[[Newsweek]] |access-date=28 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206064557/http://www.newsweek.com/id/171056 |archive-date=6 December 2008}}</ref>

The attackers then headed towards Cama Hospital with intent to kill patients,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/7539165.cms |title=Judgement, The High Court of Judicature at Bombay, The Judgment Reserved : 7 February 2011; The Order Is Pronounced: 21 February 2011 |newspaper=The Times of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227030101/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/photo/7539165.cms |archive-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> but the hospital staff locked all of the patient wards. A team of the [[Anti-Terrorism Squad|Mumbai Anti-Terrorist Squad]] led by police chief [[Hemant Karkare]] searched the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus and then left in pursuit of Kasab and Khan. Kasab and Khan opened fire on the vehicle in a lane next to the hospital, and received return fire in response. Karkare, [[Vijay Salaskar]], [[Ashok Kamte]] and three of their officers were killed. The only survivor, Constable Arun Jadhav, was severely wounded.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/dec/031208-News-Mumbai-Lone-survivor-Hemant-Karkare-Kasab-terrorist-Arun-Jadhav.htm |title=Info from cop in Karkare's jeep led to Kasab's arrest |date=3 December 2008 |newspaper=[[Mid-Day]] |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617083920/http://www.mid-day.com/news/2008/dec/031208-News-Mumbai-Lone-survivor-Hemant-Karkare-Kasab-terrorist-Arun-Jadhav.htm |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kasab and Khan seized the police vehicle but later abandoned it and seized a passenger car instead. They then ran into a police roadblock, which had been set up after Jadhav radioed for help.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/south-asia/mumbai-gunman-guilty-of-act-of-war |title=Mumbai gunman guilty of 'act of war' |date=4 May 2010 |newspaper=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |location=Abu Dhabi |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120917111105/http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/south-asia/mumbai-gunman-guilty-of-act-of-war |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 September 2012}}</ref> A gun battle then ensued in which Khan was killed and Kasab was wounded. After a physical struggle, Kasab was arrested.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://canopycanopycanopy.com/8/jukeboxes_on_the_moon |title=Jukeboxes on the Moon |first=Rafil |last=Kroll-Zaidi |date=July 2010 |website=[[Triple Canopy (online magazine)|Triple Canopy]] |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-date=13 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713075615/http://canopycanopycanopy.com/8/jukeboxes_on_the_moon |url-status=live}}</ref> A police officer, [[Tukaram Omble]], was also killed when he tried to disarm Kasab by wrestling his weapon away from him.

The [[Leopold Cafe]], a popular restaurant and bar on [[Colaba Causeway]] in [[South Mumbai]], was one of the first sites to be attacked.<ref name="times-5260641">{{Cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5260641.ece |title=Defiant Leopold café shows that Mumbai is not afraid |first1=Rhys |last1=Blakely |first2=Jeremy |last2=Page |date=1 December 2008 |newspaper=The Times |location=London, UK |access-date=19 March 2009}}</ref> Two attackers, Shoaib alias Soheb and Nazir alias Abu Umer,<ref name="rainbowskill" /> opened fire on the cafe on the evening of 26 November between 21:30 and 21:48, killing 10 people (including some international travelers) and injuring many more.<ref name="deccanherald">{{Cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/Dec12008/national20081130103900.asp |title=Leopold Cafe reopens amidst desolation |first=Kalyan |last=Ray |date=1 December 2008 |newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]] |location=Karnataka |access-date=19 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205034308/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/Dec12008/national20081130103900.asp |archive-date=5 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There were two explosions in taxis caused by timer bombs. The first one occurred at 22:40 at [[Vile Parle]], killing the driver and a passenger. The second explosion took place at Wadi Bunder between 22:20 and 22:25. Three people, including the driver of the taxi were killed, and about 15 others were injured.<ref name="Tracing the terror route" /><ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2008 |title=Mumbai attack: Timeline of how the terror unfolded |newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London, UK |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/11/27/mumbai-attack-timeline-of-how-the-terror-unfolded-115875-20929121/ |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014230411/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/11/27/mumbai-attack-timeline-of-how-the-terror-unfolded-115875-20929121/ |archive-date=14 October 2010}}</ref>

The Mumbai attacks were planned and directed by Lashkar-e-Taiba militants inside Pakistan, and carried out by 10 young armed men trained and sent to Mumbai and directed from inside Pakistan via mobile phones and [[VoIP phone|VoIP.]]<ref name="NYT-2008-12-03">{{Cite news |last1=Schmitt |first1=Eric |last2=Sengupta |first2=Somini |last3=Perlez |first3=Jane |date=3 December 2008 |title=US and India See Link to Militants in Pakistan |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/asia/03mumbai.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626121047/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/03/world/asia/03mumbai.html |archive-date=26 June 2019}}</ref><ref name="NPR-2008-12-03" /><ref name="NYTdeepties">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/27/world/asia/27pstan.html?pagewanted=print |title=Terror Ties Run Deep in Pakistan, Mumbai Case Shows |first1=Jane |last1=Perlez |first2=Salman |last2=Masood |page=A4 |date=27 July 2009 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=2 May 2021 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331104022/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/27/world/asia/27pstan.html?pagewanted=print |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2018, during an interview with newspaper ''Dawn'',<ref name="Dawn_Nawaz">{{cite news |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1407192 |title=For Nawaz, it's not over till it's over |last1=Almeida |first1=Cyril |date=12 May 2018 |newspaper=Dawn |access-date=12 May 2018 |archive-date=12 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512072628/https://www.dawn.com/news/1407192 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pakistan's former Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] reportedly indirectly accepted Pakistan's involvement in not preventing the Mumbai attacks.<ref name="NDTV_Nawaz">{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nawaz-sharif-admits-pak-terrorists-carried-out-26-11-mumbai-attacks-1851224 |title=Nawaz Sharif Admits Pak Terrorists Carried Out 26/11 Mumbai Attacks |date=12 May 2018 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=12 May 2018 |archive-date=12 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512153850/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nawaz-sharif-admits-pak-terrorists-carried-out-26-11-mumbai-attacks-1851224 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/05/world/asia/pakistan-journalist-treason-military.html |title=Treason Trial for Pakistani Journalist Signals New Pressure on Media |date=5 October 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=22 September 2019 |quote=In the interview, Mr. Sharif appeared to reinforce India's accusation that Pakistan's military aided the militants who carried out the 2008 Mumbai attacks, which killed more than 160 locals and foreign tourists. |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927195328/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/05/world/asia/pakistan-journalist-treason-military.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

David Headley was a member of Lashkar-e-Taiba, and between 2002 and 2009 Headley travelled extensively as part of his work for LeT. Headley received training in small arms and countersurveillance from LeT, built a network of connections for the group, and was chief scout in scoping out targets for Mumbai attack<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/world/asia/17headley.html |title=US Had Warnings on Plotter of Mumbai Attack |last1=Perlez |first1=Jane |last2=Schmitt |first2=Eric |last3=Thompson |first3=Ginger |date=16 October 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415020016/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/world/asia/17headley.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/mumbai-plot-fbi-was-warned-years-in-advance |title=FBI Was Warned Years in Advance of Mumbai Attacker's Terror Ties |last=Rotella |first=Sebastian |date=15 October 2010 |website=[[ProPublica]] |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922002007/https://www.propublica.org/article/mumbai-plot-fbi-was-warned-years-in-advance |url-status=live}}</ref> having allegedly been given $25,000 in cash in 2006 by an ISI officer known as [[Major Iqbal]]. The officer also helped him arrange a communications system for the attack, and oversaw a model of the Taj Hotel so that gunmen could know their way inside the target, according to Headley's testimony to Indian authorities. Headley also helped ISI recruit Indian agents to monitor Indian troop levels and movements, according to a US official. At the same time, Headley was also an informant for the US [[Drug Enforcement Administration]], and Headley's wives warned American officials of Headley's involvement with LeT and his plotting attacks, warning specifically that the Taj Hotel may be their target.<ref name="nytimes1" />

US officials believed that the [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (I.S.I.) officers provided support to Lashkar-e-Taiba militants who carried out the attacks.<ref name="suit">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/18/world/asia/18pstan.html |title=Pakistani Role Is Suspected in Revealing U.S. Spy's Name |last1=Mazzetti |first1=Mark |last2=Masood |first2=Salman |date=17 December 2010 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415013437/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/18/world/asia/18pstan.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Disclosures made by former American intelligence contractor Edward Snowden in 2013 revealed that the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) had intercepted communications between the Lashkar boat and the LeT headquarters in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and passed the alert on to [[Research and Analysis Wing|RAW]] on 18 November, eight days before the terrorists actually struck Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20151026-why-india-didnt-strike-pakistan-after-26-11-820634-2015-10-14 |title=Why India didn't strike Pakistan after 26/11 |last=Unnithan |first=Sandeep |date=26 October 2015 |website=India Today |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-date=3 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303190125/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20151026-why-india-didnt-strike-pakistan-after-26-11-820634-2015-10-14 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the hours after the attack, the [[New York City]] Police Department sent [[Brandon del Pozo]], an official from their Intelligence Division, to investigate the incident in order to understand what vulnerabilities its methods posed for New York City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97912059 |title=Mumbai Attacks Offer Clues to Security |website=NPR.org |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724143017/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97912059 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The arrest of [[Zabiuddin Ansari]] alias Abu Hamza in June 2012 provided further clarity on how the plot was hatched. According to Abu Hamza, the attacks were previously scheduled for 2006, using Indian youth for the job. However, a huge cache of AK-47's and [[RDX]], which were to be used for the attacks, was recovered from [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]] in 2006, thus leading to the dismantling of the original plot. Subsequently, Abu Hamza fled to [[Pakistan]] and along with Lashkar commanders, scouted for Pakistani youth to be used for the attacks. In September 2007, 10 people were selected for the mission. In September 2008, these people tried sailing to Mumbai from [[Karachi]], but couldn't complete their mission due to choppy waters. These men made a second attempt in November 2008, and successfully managed to execute the final attacks. David Headley's disclosures, that three Pakistani army officers were associated with the planning and execution of the attack were substantiated by Ansari's revelations during his interrogation.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/26/11-Abu-Jundal-names-same-Pak-army-officers-as-Headley-did/articleshow/14619870.cms |title=26/11: Abu Jundal names same Pak army officers as Headley did |first=S. Ahmed |last=Ali |date=3 July 2012 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116024853/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/26/11-Abu-Jundal-names-same-Pak-army-officers-as-Headley-did/articleshow/14619870.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/26-11-had-been-planned-originally-for-2006-reveals-abu-hamza-489999 |title=26/11 had been planned originally for 2006, reveals Abu Hamza |first=Rashmi |last=Rajput |date=26 June 2012 |publisher=NDTV |access-date=26 June 2012 |archive-date=26 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126024934/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/26-11-had-been-planned-originally-for-2006-reveals-abu-hamza-489999 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Only one of the 10 attackers, [[Ajmal Kasab]], survived the attack. He was hanged in [[Yerwada Central Jail|Yerwada jail]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.timesnow.tv/Bodies-of-9-terrorists-of-2611-disposed-off/videoshow/4342368.cms |title=Bodies of 9 terrorists of 26/11 disposed of |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=12 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105014952/http://www.timesnow.tv/Bodies-of-9-terrorists-of-2611-disposed-off/videoshow/4342368.cms |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> The other nine attackers killed during the onslaught were Hafiz Arshad alias Abdul Rehman Bada, Abdul Rahman Chhota, Javed alias Abu Ali, Fahadullah alias Abu Fahad, Ismail Khan alias [[Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan|Abu Ismail]], Babar Imran alias Abu Akasha, Nasir alias Abu Umar, Nazir alias Abu Umer and Shoaib alias Abu Soheb.

In October 2009, two Chicago men were arrested and charged by the FBI for involvement in "terrorism" abroad, [[David Coleman Headley]] and [[Tahawwur Hussain Rana]]. Headley, a Pakistani-American, was charged in November 2009 with scouting locations for the 2008 Mumbai attacks.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_mumbai-police-probe-david-headley-s-links-to-26-11-attacks_1308973 |title=Mumbai police probe David Headley's links to 26/11 attacks |date=8 November 2009 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |location=India |access-date=16 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116155352/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_mumbai-police-probe-david-headley-s-links-to-26-11-attacks_1308973 |archive-date=16 November 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reuters20091208">{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-fbi-mumbai-idUSTRE5B72I620091208 |title=India Plans to Try Chicago Man For Mumbai Attacks |agency=Reuters |date=8 December 2009 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701030824/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-fbi-mumbai-idUSTRE5B72I620091208 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> Headley is reported to have posed as an American Jew and is believed to have links with militant Islamist groups based in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_david-headley-posed-as-jew-in-mumbai_1309057 |title=David Headley posed as Jew in Mumbai |first=Josy |last=Joseph |date=9 November 2009 |newspaper=Daily News and Analysis |location=India |access-date=16 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091112184125/http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_david-headley-posed-as-jew-in-mumbai_1309057 |archive-date=12 November 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 March 2010, Headley pleaded guilty to a dozen charges against him thereby avoiding going to trial.

In December 2009, the FBI charged [[Abdur Rehman Hashim Syed]], a retired [[major]] in the [[Pakistani army]], for planning the attacks in association with Headley.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/FBI-nails-Pak-Major-for-Mumbai-attacks/articleshow/5317076.cms |title=FBI nails Pak Major for Mumbai attacks |date=9 December 2009 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=9 December 2009 |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119220318/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/FBI-nails-Pak-Major-for-Mumbai-attacks/articleshow/5317076.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

*Assistant Police Sub-Inspector [[Tukaram Omble]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/09slid1-how-we-caught-the-fidayeen-alive.htm |title=How we caught the fidayeen alive |date=9 December 2008 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 May 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705091739/http://specials.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/09slid1-how-we-caught-the-fidayeen-alive.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> who succeeded in capturing a terrorist alive, with his bare hands.

*Joint Commissioner of Police [[Hemant Karkare]], the Chief of the Mumbai [[Anti Terrorist Squad (India)|Anti-Terrorism Squad]]<ref name="topcopcasualties" />

*Additional Commissioner of Police: [[Ashok Kamte]]<ref name="topcopcasualties" />

*Encounter specialist Senior Inspector [[Vijay Salaskar]]<ref name="topcopcasualties" />

*Senior Inspector Shashank Shinde<ref name="topcopcasualties" />

*NSG Commando, Major [[Sandeep Unnikrishnan]]

*NSG Commando, Hawaldar [[Gajender Singh Bisht]]

| [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] near the [[Gateway of India]]; {{Coord|18.921739|72.83331|region:IN-MH_type:event}} || Shootings;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2008/11/2008112617472965818.html |title=Scores killed in Mumbai attacks |date=27 November 2008 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=28 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928191240/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2008/11/2008112617472965818.html |url-status=live}}</ref> six explosions; fire on ground, first, and top floors; hostages;<ref name="CNN-Gunfire" /> [[RDX]] found nearby.<ref name="CNN-27th" /> || 31<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/sns-ap-as-india-terror-anniversary,0,7693599.story?track=rss |title=Topic Galleries |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />(in addition to 1 commando) || around 250

The Maharashtra government planned to buy 36 speed boats to patrol the coastal areas and several helicopters for the same purpose. It also planned to create an anti-terror force called "[[Force One (Mumbai Police)|Force One]]" and upgrade all the weapons that Mumbai police currently have.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=344449 |title=No consensus on security plan even a month after Mumbai attacks |first=Sapna |last=Agarwal |date=27 December 2008 |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |access-date=28 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607145849/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=344449 |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] on an all-party conference declared that legal framework would be strengthened in the battle against terrorism and a federal anti-terrorist intelligence and investigation agency, like the [[FBI]], will be set up soon to co-ordinate action against terrorism.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074719&type=News |title=PM for federal agency, better legal framework |date=1 December 2008 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |access-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201234935/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Election_Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080074719&type=News |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The government strengthened anti-terror laws with [[UAPA|UAPA 2008]], and the federal [[National Investigation Agency]] was formed.

A Public Interest Litigation has been filed by social activist Ketan Tirodkar to demand equal justice for all the police who were killed in the terror attack; especially for the members of the Bomb Disposal Squad of Mumbai Police. During the hearing of the petition, the Government informed the High Court that the Federal Government of India has rejected the proposal to award the Bomb Disposal Squad of the city police for their contribution in defusing granades in the terror attack.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/maharashtra/challenge-refusal-of-gallantry-awards-to-mumbai-cops-hc-tells-petitioner_1529575.html|title=Challenge refusal of gallantry awards to Mumbai cops, HC tells petitioner|date=13 January 2015|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bombay-high-court-admits-pil-seeking-bravery-awards-for-officers-during-26/11/articleshow/41807814.cms?from=mdr|title=Bombay High Court admits PIL seeking bravery awards for officers during 26/11|newspaper=The Economic Times |date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/govt-ruthless-ignoring-its-brave-officers-says-pil/article6299095.ece|title=Govt ruthless, ignoring its brave officers, says PIL|newspaper=The Hindu |date=9 August 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

Indians criticised their political leaders after the attacks, saying that their ineptness was partly responsible. ''[[The Times of India]]'' commented on its front page that "Our politicians fiddle as innocents die."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SP304200.htm |title=India directs anger at politicians after Mumbai attacks |first=Raju |last=Gopalakrishnan |date=1 December 2008 |website=[[Alertnet]] |access-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202185200/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SP304200.htm |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Political reactions in Mumbai and India included a range of resignations and political changes, including the resignations of [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Minister for Home Affairs]] [[Shivraj Patil]],<ref name="BBC-2008-11-29" /> [[List of Chief Ministers of India|Chief Minister]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiatoday.intoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21767&issueid=82 |title=Vilasrao Deshmukh quits as Maharashtra CM |first=Aditi |last=Pai |date=4 December 2008 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=31 December 2010 |archive-date=22 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822003737/https://www.indiatoday.in/mumbai-terror-strikes/story/vilasrao-deshmukh-quits-as-maharashtra-cm-34561-2008-12-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> and deputy chief minister [[R. R. Patil]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maharashtra-deputy-cm-r-r-patil-resigns/79454-3.html |title=Maharashtra Deputy CM RR Patil resigns |date=1 December 2008 |website=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202022605/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/maharashtra-deputy-cm-r-r-patil-resigns/79454-3.html |archive-date=2 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> for controversial reactions to the attack including taking the former's son and [[Bollywood]] director [[Ram Gopal Verma]] to tour the damaged Taj Hotel and the latter's remarks that the attacks were not a big deal in such a large city. [[Islam in India|Indian Muslims]] condemned the attacks and refused to bury the attackers. Groups of Muslims marched against the attacks<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08muslims.html |title=Muslims in India Put Aside Grievances to Repudiate Terrorism |first=Robert F. |last=Worth |date=7 December 2008 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717070909/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/08/world/asia/08muslims.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and mosques observed silence. Prominent Muslim personalities such as Bollywood actor [[Aamir Khan]] appealed to their community members in the country to observe [[Eid al-Adha]] as a day of mourning on 9 December.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?642291 |title=Muslims Condemn Mumbai Attacks, Call for Black Eid |date=4 December 2008 |magazine=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |access-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090144/http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?642291 |archive-date=18 July 2011}}</ref> The business establishment also reacted, with changes to transport, and requests for an increase in self-defence capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap_travel/20081217/ap_tr_ge/as_travel_brief_india_business_travel |title=Mumbai attack dents business travel |first=Erika |last=Kinetz |date=17 December 2008 |publisher=Yahoo! News |access-date=21 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231201918/https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap_travel/20081217/ap_tr_ge/as_travel_brief_india_business_travel |archive-date=31 December 2008}}</ref> The attacks also triggered a chain of citizens' movements across India such as the [[India Today|India Today Group's]] "War Against Terror" campaign. There were vigils held across all of India with candles and placards commemorating the victims of the attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20090119-be-the-change-738729-2009-01-09 |title=Be the change |date=9 January 2009 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=28 February 2009 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405043019/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20090119-be-the-change-738729-2009-01-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> The NSG commandos based in [[Delhi]] also met criticism for taking ten hours to reach the three sites under attack.<ref name="India Today">{{Cite web |url=http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21305&issueid=82 |title=Red tape delays NSG by 6 hours |first=Aman |last=Sharma |date=29 November 2008 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=15 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112013546/http://indiatoday.digitaltoday.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21305&issueid=82 |archive-date=12 January 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Why_did_NSG_take_10_hours_to_arrive/articleshow/3775099.cms |title=Why did NSG take 10 hours to arrive? |date=30 November 2008 |newspaper=The Economic Times |location=Mumbai |access-date=15 June 2009 |archive-date=19 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119220328/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/PoliticsNation/Why_did_NSG_take_10_hours_to_arrive/articleshow/3775099.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

An eight-member commission comprising defence lawyers, prosecutors and a court official was allowed to travel to India on 15 March 2013 to gather evidence for the prosecution of seven suspects linked to the 2008 Mumbai attacks. However, the defence lawyers were barred from cross-examining the four prosecution witnesses in the case including Ajmal Kasab.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/371467/2008-mumbai-attacks-indias-refusal-to-allow-cross-examination-challenged/ |title=2008 Mumbai attacks: India's refusal to allow cross-examination challenged |first=Mudassir |last=Raja |date=29 April 2012 |newspaper=[[The Express Tribune]] |location=Karachi |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404192642/https://tribune.com.pk/story/371467/2008-mumbai-attacks-indias-refusal-to-allow-cross-examination-challenged/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nation.com.pk/national/14-Mar-2015/pakistan-india-trade-demarches-over-lakhvi-trial |title=Pakistan, India trade demarches over Lakhvi trial |first=Maqbool |last=Malik |date=14 March 2015 |newspaper=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |location=Lahore |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009144859/http://nation.com.pk/national/14-Mar-2015/pakistan-india-trade-demarches-over-lakhvi-trial |url-status=live}}</ref> On the eve of the first anniversary of 26/11, a Pakistani anti-terror court formally charged seven accused, including LeT operations commander [[Zaki ur Rehman Lakhvi]]. However, the actual trial started on 5 May 2012. The Pakistani court conducting trial of Mumbai attacks accused, reserved its judgement on the application filed by Lakhvi, challenging the report of the judicial panel, to 17 July 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/2611-trial-pak-court-reserves-decision-on-lakhvi-plea-377815.html |title=26/11 trial: Pak court reserves decision on Lakhvi plea |date=14 July 2012 |website=Firstpost |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405230005/https://www.firstpost.com/world/2611-trial-pak-court-reserves-decision-on-lakhvi-plea-377815.html |url-status=live}}</ref> On 17 July 2012, the court refused to take the findings of the Pakistani judicial commission as part of the evidence. However, it ruled that if a new agreement, which allows the panel's examination of witnesses, is reached, the prosecution may make an application for sending the panel to Mumbai.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mumbai-terror-attacks-pak-court-calls-judicial-panels-report-illegal/975611/0 |title=Mumbai terror attacks: Pak court calls judicial panel's report illegal |date=17 July 2012 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref>

The Indian Government, upset over the court ruling, however, contended that evidence collected by the Pakistani judicial panel has evidential value to punish all those involved in the attack.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/26-11-Upset-over-Pak-court-ruling-India-says-will-talk-to-govt/Article1-890644.aspx |title=26/11: Upset over Pak court ruling, India says will talk to govt |date=17 July 2012 |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=22 September 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718050038/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/26-11-Upset-over-Pak-court-ruling-India-says-will-talk-to-govt/Article1-890644.aspx |archive-date=18 July 2012}}</ref> On 21 September 2013, a Pakistani judicial commission arrived in India to carry out the investigation and to cross examine the witnesses. This is the second such visit: the one in March 2012 was not a success<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-22/india/42291272_1_26-11-witnesses-pakistani-judicial-panel-chenab |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928034438/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-22/india/42291272_1_26-11-witnesses-pakistani-judicial-panel-chenab |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 September 2013 |title=Pakistani judicial panel to grill 26/11 witnesses |last=Rana |first=Yudhvir |date=22 September 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 December 2013}}</ref> as its report was rejected by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan due to lack of evidence.

The LeT operative [[David Headley]] (born Daood Sayed Gilani) in his testimony before a Chicago federal court during co-accused [[Tahawwur Rana]]'s trial revealed that Mumbai [[Chabad House]] was added to the list of targets for surveillance given by his [[Inter Services Intelligence]] handler [[Major Iqbal]], though the [[Oberoi Hotel]], one of the sites attacked, was not originally on the list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-oberoi-hotel-accidentally-became-a-26-11-target/20110615.htm |title=How Oberoi hotel accidentally became a 26/11 target |date=15 June 2011 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=22 September 2019 |archive-date=15 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415064647/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/how-oberoi-hotel-accidentally-became-a-26-11-target/20110615.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 10 June 2011, [[Tahawwur Rana]] was acquitted of plotting the 2008 Mumbai attacks, but was held guilty on two other charges.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167713/rana-not-guilty-mumbai-india.html |title=Rana acquitted on terror plot |date=10 June 2011 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=16 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126020645/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/167713/rana-not-guilty-mumbai-india.html |archive-date=26 November 2011}}</ref> He was sentenced to 14 years in federal prison on 17 January 2013.<ref name="LAT20130117">{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-tahawwur-rana-terrorism-plots-20130117,0,37764.story |title=Businessman Tahawwur Rana gets 14 years for role in terrorism plots |first=Michael |last=Muskal |date=17 January 2013 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-date=18 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118142603/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-tahawwur-rana-terrorism-plots-20130117,0,37764.story |url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2023, a US court approved his extradition to India where he is sought for his involvement in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/us-court-approves-extradition-of-26/11-mumbai-attack-accused-tahawwur-rana-to-india/articleshow/100315994.cms?from=mdr|title=US court approves extradition of 26/11 Mumbai attack accused Tahawwur Rana to India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 May 2023}}</ref>

*''Mumbai Massacre'' (2009), television documentary film by Victoria Midwinter Pitt about survivors of the attack. Originally broadcast by the [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], it was re-edited for PBS' ''[[Secrets of the Dead]]'' as the episode "Mumbai Massacre", it was also shown in [[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|''Four Corners'']] as the twenty-sixth episode of season 49.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Colin |title=Mumbai Massacre ~ Background Information {{!}} Secrets of the Dead {{!}} |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/mumbai-massacre-background-information/502/ |website=PBS |date=24 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Terror in Mumbai |url=https://www.abc.net.au/4corners/terror-in-mumbai/8952964 |website=[[Four Corners (Australian TV program)|4 Corners]] |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |language=en-AU |date=3 August 2009}}</ref>

*''Terror in Mumbai'' (2009), British television documentary film by [[Dan Reed (director)|Dan Reed]], broadcast by HBO which features audio tapes of the intercepted phone calls between the young gunmen and their controllers in Pakistan, and testimony from the sole surviving gunman.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hale |first1=Mike |title=Using Tapes and a Timeline to Trace the Mumbai Massacre |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/19/arts/television/19hbo.html |website=The New York Times |date=18 November 2009}}</ref>

*''Mumbai Terror Attacks'' (2010), Indian television documentary film by [[Ashish R. Shukla]] produced by [[Miditech]] and broadcast by [[National Geographic (Indian TV channel)|Nat Geo India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mumbai Terror Attacks |url=http://www.natgeotv.com/in/mumbai-terror-attacks |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref>

*"City Under Siege" (2012), directed by Matthew Hinchcliffe, first episode of the television documentary series ''Black Ops'' with a focus on the rescue operation during the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Black OPS Season 1 Episode 1 - City Under Siege |url=https://www.yidio.com/show/black-ops/season-1/episode-1/links.html |website=[[Yidio]]}}</ref>

*"Terror in Mumbai" (2011), directed by Mike Phillips, fourth episode of the American television docudrama series ''Got Home Alive'', about foreign tourists caught in the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Got Home Alive! - Season 1 |url=https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Got-Home-Alive/0HETCDD724JRKMXWVJP9ASF27Y |website=[[Prime Video]] |language=en-us}}</ref>

*"Mumbai Massacre" (2012), directed by Stan Griffin, [[List of Seconds from Disaster episodes|sixth episode of season 5]] of the television docudrama series ''[[Seconds from Disaster]]'', focusing on intelligence failures which lead to the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Seconds From Disaster Season 5 |url=https://www.justwatch.com/us/tv-show/seconds-from-disaster/season-5 |website=JustWatch |language=en}}</ref>

*"Operation Black Tornado" (2018), third episode of the Indian television documentary series ''Battle Ops'' on the online channel [[Veer by Discovery]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/discovery-channels-new-series-battle-ops-on-indias-iconic-military-operations/article22520490.ece |title=This R-Day, get ready for Discovery channel's 'Battle Ops' |first=Deepa |last=Alexander |date=25 January 2018 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=22 April 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806152611/https://www.thehindu.com/society/discovery-channels-new-series-battle-ops-on-indias-iconic-military-operations/article22520490.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1py-qe26Os |title=9:56 Operation Black Tornado: How 26/11 Mumbai Attack Started |author=Veer by Discovery |date=13 February 2018 |via=YouTube |access-date=22 April 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420062303/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h1py-qe26Os |url-status=live}}</ref>

*''[[Rubaru Roshni]]'' (2019), Indian documentary film by Svati Chakravarty Bhatkal broadcast by [[STAR India|Star India]], about survivors of the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rubaru Roshni |url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/movies/rubaru-roshni/1000228573 |website=[[Disney+ Hotstar]] |language=en}}</ref>

*''[[Crackers (2011 film)|Crackers]]'' (2011), Indian animated film by Anil Goyal, inspired by the attacks.

*''[[Shahid (film)|Shahid]]'' (2012), Indian biographical drama film by [[Hansal Mehta]], based on the life of lawyer and human rights activist [[Shahid Azmi]] - assassinated in 2010 after agreeing to defend [[Faheem Ansari]] who was accused of abetting the terrorists (was later found not-guilty by the courts).<ref>{{cite web |title=Hansal Mehta's 'Shahid' a gritty expose of deep-rooted prejudices |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/hansal-mehtas-shahid-a-gritty-expose-of-deeprooted-prejudices/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=16 September 2012}}</ref>

*''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]'' (2013), Indian action thriller film directed by [[Ram Gopal Varma]], depicting the attacks based on the book ''[[Kasab: The Face of 26/11]]'' by [[Rommel Rodrigues]] with a focus on [[Ajmal Kasab]].<ref name="attacksof2611"/>

*''[[Arrambam]]'' (2013), Indian action-thriller film by [[Vishnuvardhan (director)|Vishnuvardhan]] about counter-terrorism operations in India, inspired by the attacks.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/98861.html |title=Rumors on Aarambam Storyline |website=IndiaGlitz |date=19 October 2013 |access-date=31 October 2013 |archive-date=22 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022060356/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/98861.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

*''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]'' (2015), Indian action-thriller film by [[Kabir Khan (director)|Kabir Khan]], an alternative-historical account about the assassination of Lashkar-e-Taiba chief [[Hafiz Saeed]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Phantom Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/phantom/critic-review/phantom-movie-review/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=28 August 2015 |language=en}}</ref>

*''[[Taj Mahal (2015 film)|Taj Mahal]]'' (2015), French-Belgian thriller-drama film directed and written by Nicolas Saada. It was screened in the Horizons section at the [[72nd Venice International Film Festival]]. The film is about an 18-year-old French girl who was alone in her hotel room when the terrorists attacked the hotel.<ref>{{cite web |title=Agat films & Cie - ex nihilo |url=http://agatfilmsetcie.com/fiche-film.php?id=655 |website=agatfilmsetcie.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809114925/http://agatfilmsetcie.com/fiche-film.php?id=655 |archive-date=2020-08-09 |date=9 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

*''Mumbai Siege: 4 Days of Terror'' (also known as ''One Less God'') (2017), independent Australian film directed by Lliam Worthington, featuring the situation of some foreigners inside [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel|Taj Hotel]].<ref>{{cite web |title=One Less God {{!}} CLPR |url=http://clpr.com.au/work/one-less-god |website=clpr.com.au}}</ref>

*''[[Hotel Mumbai]]'' (2019), action thriller film directed by [[Anthony Maras]] and written by [[John Collee]] and Maras. It has come under criticism for omitting any reference to the role of Pakistan in the terror strikes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/movie-on-mumbai-attacks-criticised-for-not-mentioning-role-of-pakistan/story-KncsLj9gStUIbQuTPJtIqI.html |title=Movie on Mumbai attacks criticised for not mentioning role of Pakistan |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Anirudh |date=9 September 2018 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=15 September 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807084054/https://www.hindustantimes.com/hollywood/movie-on-mumbai-attacks-criticised-for-not-mentioning-role-of-pakistan/story-KncsLj9gStUIbQuTPJtIqI.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

*''[[Sooryavanshi]]'' (2021), Indian action film by [[Rohit Shetty]] set in the aftermath of the counter-terrorism operations following the attacks.<ref>{{Netflix title|qid=Q61994951|title=Sooryavanshi}}</ref>

*''[[Major (film)|Major]]'' (2022), an Indian biographical-action film directed by Sashi Kiran Tikka. Shot simultaneously in Telugu and Hindi languages, the film is based on the life of Major [[Sandeep Unnikrishnan]], who was killed while rescuing hostages during the attacks.<ref>{{Netflix title|qid=Q104608137|title=Major}}</ref>

*''[[State of Siege: 26/11]]'' (2020), Indian Hindi-language web series released on [[ZEE5]], showing the attacks from the perspective of [[National Security Guard|NSG]] Commandos. It is based on the book ''Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11'' by journalist Sandeep Unnithan.<ref>{{cite web |title=State of Siege: 26/11 |url=https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/state-of-siege-2611/0-6-2370 |website=ZEE5 |language=en}}</ref>

*''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]]'' (2021), Indian Hindi-language medical drama series on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. The series is directed by [[Nikkhil Advani|Nikhil Advani]] and Nikhil Gonsalves. It follows the staff of [[Cama Hospital|Bombay General Hospital]] during the night of the attacks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=Mumbai Diaries 26/11 trailer out. Amazon series shows doctors' struggle during attack |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/mumbai-diaries-26-11-trailer-out-amazon-series-shows-doctors-struggle-during-attack-1845499-2021-08-26 |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2021 |title=Mumbai Diaries 26/11 trailer: Amazon series shows the night of terror, as lived by doctors who didn't give up |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/web-series/mumbai-diaries-26-11-trailer-amazon-series-shows-the-night-of-terror-as-lived-by-doctors-who-didn-t-give-up-101629903901656.html |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

*''[[Kasab: The Face of 26/11]]'' (2010) by [[Rommel Rodrigues]] focuses on [[Ajmal Kasab]], the sole terrorist who was caught. It is the basis of the aforementioned film ''The Attacks of 26/11''.<ref name="attacksof2611">{{cite web |title=The Attacks Of 26/11 |url=http://www.attacksof2611.com/ |website=attacksof2611.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218092040/http://www.attacksof2611.com/ |archive-date=2013-02-18 |date=18 February 2013}}</ref>

*''[[The Siege: The Attack on the Taj]]'' is a non-fiction book by [[Cathy Scott-Clerk]] and [[Adrian Levy]]. It is an account of the 2008 attacks on [[The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] in Mumbai, India, during the night of 26 November 2008. The book was first published by [[Penguin Books]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-siege-takes-the-reader-into-the-heart-of-the-2611-attack/437423-40-101.html |title=The Siege takes the reader into the heart of the 26/11 attack |publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] |access-date=3 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206123948/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/the-siege-takes-the-reader-into-the-heart-of-the-2611-attack/437423-40-101.html |archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref>

*In 2014, ''Black Tornado: The Three Sieges of Mumbai 26/11''<ref>{{cite web |title=Book Review: BLACK TORNADO: THE THREE SIEGES OF MUMBAI 26/11 – Senior Journalist Sandeep Unnithan's extensively researched book and first ever semi-official account of the deadliest terror attack on India |url=https://www.indiastrategic.in/book-review-black-tornado-the-three-sieges-of-mumbai-2611/ |website=India Strategic |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=26/11 Mumbai terror attacks: Films, books and documentaries that encapsulate the horrors of a city under siege |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/2611-mumbai-terror-attacks-films-books-and-documentaries-that-encapsulate-the-horrors-of-a-city-under-siege-9054511.html |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref> was published by Indian journalist Sandeep Unnnithan, a non-fiction book, presented a blow-by-blow account of the terrorist strike and how the siege of [[Mumbai]] was thwarted by India's security forces. The book covers the heroic efforts of Marine Commandos of [[Indian Navy]] as well as an ill-equipped yet valiant [[Mumbai Police]]. But its primary focus is on the 51 Special Action Group of [[National Security Guards]], commanded by the decorated [[Indian Army]] Special Forces officer, then Colonel, now [[Brigadier]]. [[Sunil Sheoran]] [[Sena Medal]] (Bar). The book delves into the reasons for the delayed arrival of the NSG, including incredible facts like the then Home Minister of India, [[Shivraj Patil]], wanted to fly in the NSG aircraft and came 1 hour late to board the plane which inturn delayed the NSG's arrival into the city and that the then Southern Army Commander, Lt. General. Noble Thamburaj, notoriously toured the [[Taj Mahal Palace Hotel]] with his wife while the NSG operation was still on. It was adapted into the web series ''[[State of Siege: 26/11]]'' (2020).<ref>{{cite news |title=26/11: Southern Army Commander's terror tourism during Mumbai attack |url=https://www.dailyo.in/politics/26-11-southern-army-commanders-terror-tourism-during-mumbai-attack/story/1/807.html |access-date=5 February 2022 |ref=Sandeep Unnithan's book Black Tornado reveals that Lt Gen Noble Thamburaj toured the Taj Mahal Palace hotel with his wife on 28 November 2008 even as NSG commandos engaged four terrorists there.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sandeep Unnithan's book on 26/11 attacks to be made into a web series |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/web-series/story/sandeep-unnithan-s-book-on-26-11-attacks-to-be-made-into-a-web-series-1521688-2019-05-10 |access-date=5 February 2022}}</ref>

*Aziz Burney wrote a book titled ''26/11: RSS ki Saazish?'' ("26/11: An RSS conspiracy?") hinting that [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] was somehow linked to the attack and launched the book in presence of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader [[Digvijaya Singh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/after-nawaz-sharifs-admission-of-pakistan-role-in-2611-time-congress-apologised-to-rss-india-4467507.html |title=After Nawaz Sharif's admission of Pakistan role in 26/11, time Congress apologised to RSS, India |first=Raghav |last=Pandey |date=13 May 2018 |website=Firstpost |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-date=7 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807084400/https://www.firstpost.com/india/after-nawaz-sharifs-admission-of-pakistan-role-in-2611-time-congress-apologised-to-rss-india-4467507.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Later as ''[[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|RSS]]'' filed a case against him, he had to apologise for it.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-linking-rss-to-2611-aziz-burney-says-sorry-on-front-page/743433/0 |title=For linking RSS to 26/11, Aziz Burney says sorry on front page |first=Seema |last=Chishti |date=29 January 2011 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615140844/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/for-linking-rss-to-2611-aziz-burney-says-sorry-on-front-page/743433/0 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rss-rejects-aziz-burney-apology-to-pursue-case-against-him-1501809 |title=RSS rejects Aziz Burney apology, to pursue case against him |date=1 February 2011 |newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]] |access-date=22 May 2019 |archive-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921013013/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rss-rejects-aziz-burney-apology-to-pursue-case-against-him-1501809 |url-status=live}}</ref>

*In his 2020 memoirs, ''Let Me Say It Now'', former IPS officer [[Rakesh Maria]], who was given the responsibility of investigating the attacks and personally interrogated [[Ajmal Kasab]], revealed the extent to which terrorists had gone to ensure their bodies would be mis-identified as Hindus, to lend credence to the narrative that the attack was the handiwork of Hindu extremists, and thus provide the Pakistani authorities with [[plausible deniability]]. According to Maria, [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] wanted Kasab to be killed as a Bengaluru resident named ‘Samir Dinesh Chaudhari’, with a "red (sacred) thread" tied around his wrist to portray the attack as a case of ‘Hindu terror’, but their plan apparently did not succeed and the police nabbed Kasab. LeT had even given each terrorist a fake identity card listing an Indian address, to further strengthen the circumstantial narrative. If everything went according to plan, Kasab would have died as Chaudhari and the media would have blamed 'Hindu terrorists' for the attack. Kasab, in his confessional account, acknowledged this plot, as did [[David Coleman Headley]], who corroborated this account by confirming that the sacred threads to be worn around the terrorists' wrists to identify them as Hindus, were procured from Mumbai's [[Siddhivinayak Temple, Mumbai|Siddhivinayak Temple]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ajmal-kasab-was-given-hindu-identity-to-make-it-appear-hindu-terror-retired-ips-officer-rakesh-maria-805876.html |title=Ajmal Kasab was given Hindu identity to make it appear Hindu terror |first=Mritunjay |last=Bose |date=18 February 2020 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-date=30 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530051403/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/ajmal-kasab-was-given-hindu-identity-to-make-it-appear-hindu-terror-retired-ips-officer-rakesh-maria-805876.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/let-planned-to-project-26/11-attack-as-hindu-terror-rakesh-maria/articleshow/74192048.cms |title=LeT planned to project 26/11 attack as ''Hindu terror'': Rakesh Maria |date=18 February 2020 |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=27 April 2019 |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218203604/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/let-planned-to-project-26/11-attack-as-hindu-terror-rakesh-maria/articleshow/74192048.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

 

*[[1993 Bombay bombings]]

*[[2006 Mumbai train bombings]]

*[[2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata|Attack on American Consulate, Kolkata]]

*''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]''

*[[Sarah Avraham]]

*[[Bowbazaar Bomb Blast 1993]]

*''[[Hotel Mumbai]]''

*[[List of Islamist terrorist attacks]]

*''[[Mumbai Diaries 26/11]]''

*[[November 2015 Paris attacks]]

*''[[Phantom (2015 film)|Phantom]]''

*''[[The Siege: The Attack on the Taj]]''

*[[Survivor registry]]

*[[Westgate centre shootings]]

*[[List of massacres in India]]

*{{cite journal |title=Nizam, la tanzim (System, not organization): Do organizations matter in terrorism today? A study of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks |last1=Acharya |first1=Arabinda |last2=Marwah |first2=Sonal |year=2010 |journal=[[Studies in Conflict & Terrorism]] |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.1080/1057610X.2011.531455 |s2cid=143924893}}

*{{cite journal |title=The 2008 Mumbai terror attacks:(Re-) constructing Indian (counter-) terrorism |last=Kolås |first=Åshild |year=2010 |journal=Critical Studies on Terrorism |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=83–98 |doi=10.1080/17539151003594244 |s2cid=144063969}}

*{{cite book |last=Menon |first=Shivshankar |title=Choices: Inside the Making of India's Foreign Policy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GduACwAAQBAJ |year=2016 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[Brookings Institution Press]] |pages=60–81 |isbn=978-0-8157-2911-2}}

*{{cite journal |title=At the Threshold of Order: Responses to the Mumbai Attacks |last=Svensson |first=Ted |year=2013 |journal=[[Global Society (journal)|Global Society]] |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=283–298 |doi=10.1080/13600826.2013.790790 |s2cid=144513513}}

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*[https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/IncidentSummary.aspx?gtdid=200811260001 Incident Summary] at the [[Global Terrorism Database]]

*[https://rewardsforjustice.net/rewards/2008-mumbai-attacks-mumbai-india-november-26-29-2008/ 2008 Mumbai Attacks]. [[Rewards for Justice Program|Rewards for Justice]].

*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCAXnXTMFOY |title=Mumbai Terror Attack: Watch NSG successful in mission against Mumbai attackers |author=[[CNN-IBN]] |date=30 November 2008 |via=YouTube}}

*{{cite web |url=http://ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/MumbaiDossier/Mumbai-1-20-1st.htm |title=Mumbai Dossier |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=[[NDTV]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117212606/http://ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/MumbaiDossier/Mumbai-1-20-1st.htm |archive-date=17 January 2009}}

*{{cite web |url=http://blog.blogadda.com/2008/11/27/live-blogging-mumbai-terrorist-attacks |title=Live Blogging – Mumbai Terrorist Attacks |date=27 November 2008 |website=Blogadda}}

*{{cite news |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20090314200903140230449709332dbe7/They-said-kill-till-you-die-par-hum-bhi-insan-hain-yaar.html |title=They said, kill till you die... par hum bhi insan hain yaar |date=14 March 2009 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror |access-date=22 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020141849/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/20090314200903140230449709332dbe7/They-said-kill-till-you-die-par-hum-bhi-insan-hain-yaar.html |archive-date=20 October 2012}} [Interview of captured terrorist Mohammed Ajmal Amir Qasab]

*{{cite episode |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/episodes/mumbai-massacre-watch-the-full-episode/536/ |title=Mumbai Massacre |date=25 November 2009 |series=[[Secrets of the Dead]] |network=[[PBS]]}}

*[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/interactive/web-of-terror/ Web of Terror]. ''[[PBS Frontline]]''. [[WGBH Educational Foundation|WGBH]] ([[interactive journalism]]).