Mauryan Empire: Difference between revisions

Mauryan Empire (edit)

Revision as of 13:25, 26 October 2023

698 bytes added , 26 October 2023

Cleaning and fixing with more details

Bharatwiki Socrates

Autopatrolled, New page reviewers, Rollbackers

2,186

edits

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 | s6                     = Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era)
 | flag_s6                =
-| image_map              = Maurya Empire, c.250 BCE.png
+| image_map              = Mauryan Empire 260 BCE.png
-| image_map_caption      = Territories of the Maurya Empire conceptualized as core areas or linear networks separated by large autonomous regions in the works of scholars such as: historians [[Hermann Kulke]] and [[Dietmar Rothermund]];{{sfn|Hermann Kulke|2004|p=69-70}} [[Burton Stein]];<ref name="Stein2010">{{citation|last=Stein|first=Burton|title=A History of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QY4zdTDwMAQC&pg=GBS.PA74|year=2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-2351-1|page=74 |quote=In the past it was not uncommon for historians to conflate the vast space thus outlined with the oppressive realm described in the Arthashastra and to posit one of the earliest and certainly one of the largest totalitarian regimes in all of history. Such a picture is no longer considered believable; at present what is taken to be the realm of Ashoka is a discontinuous set of several core regions separated by very large areas occupied by relatively autonomous peoples.}}</ref> David Ludden;<ref name="Ludden2013-lead-4"/> and [[Romila Thapar]];<ref name="ConinghamYoung2015b"/> anthropologists [[Monica L. Smith]]<ref name="ConinghamYoung2015a">{{citation|last1=Coningham|first1=Robin|last2=Young|first2=Ruth|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE – 200 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaJrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA453|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-41898-7|page=453}}</ref> and [[Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah]];<ref name="ConinghamYoung2015b"/> archaeologist [[Robin Coningham]];<ref name="ConinghamYoung2015b">{{citation|last1=Coningham|first1=Robin|last2=Young|first2=Ruth|title=The Archaeology of South Asia: From the Indus to Asoka, c.6500 BCE – 200 CE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaJrCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA451|year=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-41898-7|pages=451–466}}</ref> and historical demographer [[Tim Dyson]].<ref name="Dyson2018-16b">{{citation|last=Dyson|first=Tim|title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16|year=2018|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-882905-8|pages=16–17|quote=Magadha power came to extend over the main cities and communication routes of the Ganges basin. Then, under Chandragupta Maurya (c.321–297 bce), and subsequently Ashoka his grandson, Pataliputra became the centre of the loose-knit Mauryan 'Empire' which during Ashoka's reign (c.268–232 bce) briefly had a presence throughout the main urban centres and arteries of the subcontinent, except for the extreme south.}}</ref>
+| image_map_caption     = Maximum extent of the Maurya Empire, as shown by the location of [[Edicts of Ashoka|Ashoka's inscriptions]], and visualized by ASI ([[Archeological Survey Of India]]) based on various inscriptions and Ancient Greecian and Ancient Indian texts<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.06445|title=Indian Historical Quarterly, Vol-13, Issue no.-1-4}}</ref>, modern archaeologist : [[Dougald J. W. O'Reilly]] <ref>https://books.google.nl/books?id=eyHTschgg50C&pg=PA178&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>,old archeologist [[Myra Shackley]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/atlasoftraveltou0000shac|title=Atlas of travel and tourism development|last=Shackley|first=Myra L.|date=2006|publisher=Amsterdam ; Boston : Elsevier|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7506-6348-9}}</ref>: modern historian : [[Upinder Singh]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/history-of-ancient-and-early-medeival-india-from-the-stone-age-to-the-12th-century-pdfdrive</ref>,[[Jackson J. Spielvogel]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat08edspie|title=Western civilization|last=Spielvogel|first=Jackson J.|date=2012|publisher=Boston, MA : Wadsworth Cengage Learning|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-495-91329-0}}</ref><ref>https://books.google.nl/books?id=cCdmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT143&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>[[Hugh Bowden]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/timesancientcivi0000unse|title=The Times ancient civilizations|date=2002|publisher=London : Times Books|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-00-710859-6}}</ref>;old historians:[[John Haywood (British historian)|John Haywood]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/atlasofworldhist00hayw|title=Atlas of world history|last=Haywood|first=John|date=1997|publisher=New York : Barnes & Noble Books|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-7607-0687-9}}</ref>;[[ Patrick Karl O'Brien]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/philipsatlasofwo0000unse_u6t7|title=Philip's Atlas of World History: From the Origins of Humanity to the Year 2000|date=1999|publisher=The Softback Preview|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-540-07858-5}}</ref><ref>https://books.google.nl/books?id=ffZy5tDjaUkC&pg=PA46&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>,[[H. C. Raychaudhuri]] <ref>https://www.routledge.com/India-The-Ancient-Past-A-History-of-the-Indian-Subcontinent-from-c-7000/Avari/p/book/9781138828216</ref>,[[John F. Cady]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/southeastasiaits0000cady_v1t8|title=Southeast Asia: its historical development|last=Cady|first=John F. (John Frank)|date=1964|publisher=New York, McGraw-Hill|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>,[[Gerald Danzer]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/atlasofworldhist0000danz|title=An atlas of world history|last=Danzer|first=Gerald A.|date=2000|publisher=Ann Arbor, MI : Borders Press|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-681-46572-5}}</ref>,[[Vincent Arthur Smith]];<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation|last=Smith|first=Vincent Arthur|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104%7Cyear=1920%7Cpublisher=Clarendon Press|pages=104–106}}</ref> [[Robert Roswell Palmer]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/randmcnallyatla00rand|title=Rand McNally atlas of world history|last=Rand McNally and Company|last2=Palmer|first2=R. R. (Robert Roswell)|date=1965|publisher=Chicago|others=Internet Archive}}</ref>,[[Geoffrey Parker]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/timescompacthist0000unse_g4l2|title=The Times compact history of the world|date=2008|publisher=London : Times Books|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-00-726731-6}}</ref>,[[R. C. Majumdar]];<ref name="India1950">{{citation|last1=Majumdar|first1=R. C.|last2=Raychaudhuri|first2=H. C.|last3=Datta|first3=Kalikinkar|title=An Advanced History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MyIWMwEACAAJ%7Cedition=Second%7Cyear=1950%7Cpublisher=Macmillan & Company|page=104}}</ref> and historical geographer:[[Joseph E. Schwartzberg]].<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">Schwartzberg, Joseph E. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/ ''A Historical Atlas of South Asia''] , 2nd ed. (University of Minnesota, 1992), Plate III.B.4b ([https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=055 p.18]) and Plate XIV.1a-c ([https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182 p.145]) {{!}}url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/ {{!}}date=26 January 2021</ref>
-| image_map2             = Maurya Empire, c.250 BCE 2.png
-| image_map2_caption     = Maximum extent of the Maurya Empire, as shown by the location of [[Edicts of Ashoka|Ashoka's inscriptions]], and visualized by historians: [[Vincent Arthur Smith]];<ref name="Smith1920">{{citation|last=Smith|first=Vincent Arthur|title=The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2gxAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA104|year=1920|publisher=Clarendon Press|pages=104–106}}</ref> [[R. C. Majumdar]];<ref name="India1950">{{citation|last1=Majumdar|first1=R. C.|last2=Raychaudhuri|first2=H. C.|last3=Datta|first3=Kalikinkar|title=An Advanced History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MyIWMwEACAAJ|edition=Second|year=1950|publisher=Macmillan & Company|page=104}}</ref> and historical geographer [[Joseph E. Schwartzberg]].<ref name="dsal.uchicago.edu">Schwartzberg, Joseph E. [https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/ ''A Historical Atlas of South Asia''] , 2nd ed. (University of Minnesota, 1992), Plate III.B.4b (p.18) and Plate XIV.1a-c (p.145) |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126011217/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/ |date=26 January 2021</ref>
 | capital                = [[Pataliputra]]<br />(present-day [[Patna]])