Odisha: Difference between revisions

| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) 2011 p. 73">{{cite book | title=Socio-economic Profile of Rural India (series II).: Eastern India (Orissa, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh) | publisher=Centre for Rural Studies, L.B.S. National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie | series=Socio-economic Profile of Rural India | year=2011 | isbn=978-81-8069-723-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi_rz0_1ELUC&pg=PA73 | access-date=16 August 2019 | page=73}}</ref>

'''Odisha''' (<small>English</small>: {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|d|ɪ|s|ə}},<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Odisha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516220407/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Odisha |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 May 2021 |title=Odisha |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPA-or|oɽiˈsa|lang|Or-ଓଡ଼ିଶା.oga}}), formerly '''Orissa''' ({{IPAc-en|ɒ|ˈ|r|ɪ|s|ə|,_|ɔː|-|,_|oʊ|-}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor1-last=Roach |editor1-first=Peter |editor2-last=Hartmann |editor2-first=James |editor3-last=Setter |editor3-first=Jane |year=2003 |orig-year=1917 |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place=Cambridge |isbn=3-12-539683-2}}</ref> [[List of renamed places in India|the official name until 2011]]), is an [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] located in [[East India|Eastern India]]. It is the [[List of states and union territories of India by area|8th largest state by area]], and the [[List of states and union territories of India by population|11th largest by population]]. The state has the third largest population of [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|title=ST & SC Development, Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare Department:: Government of Odisha|website=stscodisha.gov.in|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901131912/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/Aboutus.asp?GL=abt&PL=1|archive-date=1 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> It neighbours the states of [[Jharkhand]] and [[West Bengal]] to the north, [[Chhattisgarh]] to the west, and [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the south. Odisha has a [[coastline]] of {{convert|485|km}} along the [[Bay of Bengal]] in Indian Ocean.<ref name="CoastalSecurity">{{cite web |title=Coastal security |publisher=[[Odisha Police]] |url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/163 |access-date=1 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206043803/http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node%2F163 |archive-date=6 February 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The region is also known as '''Utkala''' and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, "[[Jana Gana Mana]]".<ref name="NationalAnthem">{{cite web|title=The National Anthem of India|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124230152/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/txt_janaganamana.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=24 January 2012|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref> The language of Odisha is [[Odia language|Odia]], which is one of the [[Languages of India#Classical|Classical Languages of India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/cabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1|title=Cabinet approved Odia as Classical Language|date=21 February 2014|access-date=10 October 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225144057/https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/cabinet-approved-odia-as-classical-language-1392954604-1|url-status=live}}</ref>

The ancient kingdom of [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]], which was invaded by the [[Maurya Empire|Mauryan]] Emperor [[Ashoka]] (which was again won back from them by King [[Kharavela]]) in 261 BCE resulting in the [[Kalinga War]], coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha.<ref name=GovHistory>{{cite web|title=Detail History of Orissa|url=http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|publisher=[[Government of Odisha]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061112195307/http://www.orissa.gov.in/history1.htm|archive-date=12 November 2006}}</ref> The modern boundaries of Odisha were demarcated by the [[British Raj| Indian]] government when [[Orissa Province]] was established on 1 April 1936, consisting of the Odia-speaking districts of [[Bihar and Orissa Province]].<ref name=GovHistory /> The first of April is celebrated as [[Odisha Day|Utkala Dibasa/Odisha Day]].<ref name=FlavoursOfOdisha>{{cite news|title=Utkala Dibasa hails colours, flavours of Odisha|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|access-date=1 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708211533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Utkala-Dibasa-hails-colours-flavours-of-Odisha/articleshow/33095967.cms|archive-date=8 July 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cuttack]] was made the capital of the region by [[Anantavarman Chodaganga]] in {{circa|1135}},<ref name="Chakraborty1985">{{cite book|author=Rabindra Nath Chakraborty|title=National Integration in Historical Perspective: A Cultural Regeneration in Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|access-date=30 November 2012|year=1985|publisher=Mittal Publications|pages=17–|id=GGKEY:CNFHULBK119|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515095045/http://books.google.com/books?id=PItbvfAvVggC&pg=PA17|archive-date=15 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Thereafter, [[Bhubaneswar]] became the capital of Odisha.<ref name="Kalia1994">{{cite book|author=Ravi Kalia|title=Bhubaneswar: From a Temple Town to a Capital City|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|access-date=2 February 2015|year=1994|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-1876-6|page=23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110847/https://books.google.com/books?id=F2YSPiKbmHkC&pg=PA23|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The terms ''Odisha'' and ''Orissa'' ({{Lang-or|ଓଡ଼ିଶା}}) derive from the ancient [[Prakrit]] word  ''"Odda Visaya"'' (also "''Udra Bibhasha''" or "''Odra Bibhasha''") as in the [[Tirumalai (Jain complex)|Tirumalai]] inscription of [[Rajendra Chola I]], which is dated to 1025.<ref name=orissareview>{{cite book|last1=Patel|first1=C.B|title=Origin and Evolution of the Name ODISA|date=April 2010|publisher=I&PR Department, Government of Odisha|location=Bhubaneswar|pages=28, 29, 30|url=http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf|access-date=19 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619163833/http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/28-30.pdf|archive-date=19 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sarala Das]], who translated the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' into the [[Odia language]] in the 15th century, calls the region 'Odra Rashtra' as Odisha. The inscriptions of [[Kapilendra Deva]] of the [[Gajapati Kingdom]] (1435–67) on the walls of temples in [[Puri]] call the region ''Odisha'' or ''Odisha Rajya''.<ref name="Acharya2008">{{cite book|author=Pritish Acharya|title=National Movement and Politics in Orissa, 1920–1929|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR19|access-date=3 February 2015|date=11 March 2008|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-81-321-0001-0|page=19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=LoaHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR19|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and 22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an area of 155,707&nbsp;km², which is 4.87% of total area of India, and a coastline of 450&nbsp;km.<ref name=GeographyKnowIndia>{{cite web|title=Geography of Odisha|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|website=Know India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=3 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204220248/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php?id=81|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In the eastern part of the state lies the coastal plain. It extends from the [[Subarnarekha River]] in the north to the [[Rushikulya]] River in the south. The lake [[Chilika]] is part of the coastal plains. The plains are rich in fertile [[silt]] deposited by the six major rivers flowing into the [[Bay of Bengal]]: [[Subarnarekha river|Subarnarekha]], [[Budhabalanga]], [[Baitarani]], [[Brahmani River|Brahmani]], [[Mahanadi]] and [[Rushikulya]].<ref name=GeographyKnowIndia /> The [[Central Rice Research Institute]] (CRRI), a [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]-recognised rice [[gene bank]] and research institute, is situated on the banks of Mahanadi in [[Cuttack]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuttack |url=http://odisha.gov.in/ |publisher=[[Government of Odisha]] |access-date=6 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121206115854/http://odisha.gov.in//portal/ViewDetails.asp?vchglinkid=GL010&vchplinkid=PL066&vchslinkid=SL050 |archive-date=6 December 2012 }}</ref> The stretch between Puri and Bhadrak in Odisha juts out a little into the sea, making it vulnerable to any cyclonic activity.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Alakananda |last2=Priyadarshini |first2=Subhra |title=Why Odisha is a sitting duck for extreme cyclones |journal=Nature India |date=29 May 2019 |doi=10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |doi-broken-date=31 December 2022 |url=https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |access-date=18 May 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805184844/https://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2019.69 |url-status=live }}</ref>

According to a [[Forest Survey of India]] report released in 2012, Odisha has 48,903&nbsp;km² of forests which cover 31.41% of the state's total area. The forests are classified into: dense forest (7,060&nbsp;km²), medium dense forest (21,366&nbsp;km²), open forest (forest without closed [[Canopy (biology)|canopy]]; 20,477&nbsp;km²) and [[Shrubland|scrub forest]] (4,734&nbsp;km²). The state also has [[bamboo forest]]s (10,518&nbsp;km²) and [[mangrove]]s (221&nbsp;km²). The state is losing its forests to [[Illegal logging|timber smuggling]], mining, industrialisation and [[grazing]]. There have been attempts at conservation and [[reforestation]].<ref name=ForrestCover>{{cite news|title=Study shows Odisha forest cover shrinking|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Study-shows-Odisha-forest-cover-shrinking/articleshow/11904659.cms|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to the climate and good rainfall, Odisha's evergreen and moist forests are suitable habitats for wild [[orchid]]s. Around 130 species have been reported from the state.<ref name="Orchids">{{cite book|title=Underutilized and Underexploited Horticultural Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&pg=PA116|access-date=5 February 2015|date=1 January 2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-60-8|page=116|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=-D1RR7A3HfUC&pg=PA116|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 97 of them are found in [[Mayurbhanj district]] alone. The Orchid House of [[Nandankanan Zoological Park|Nandakanan Biological Park]] hosts some of these species.<ref name=OrchidHouse>{{cite news|title=Orchid House a haven for nature lovers|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=23 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205133023/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100823/jsp/orissa/story_12842681.jsp|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[Simlipal National Park]] is a protected wildlife area and tiger reserve spread over 2,750&nbsp;km² of the northern part of [[Mayurbhanj district]]. It has 1078 species of plants, including 94 orchids. The [[sal tree]] is the primary tree species there. The park has 55 mammals, including [[barking deer]], [[Bengal tiger]], [[common langur]], [[four-horned antelope]], [[Indian bison]], [[Indian elephant]], [[Indian giant squirrel]], [[Indian leopard]], [[jungle cat]], [[sambar deer]], and [[wild boar]]. There are 304 species of birds in the park, such as the [[common hill myna]], [[Indian grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], [[Indian pied hornbill]] and [[Malabar pied hornbill]]. It also has 60 species of reptiles, notable among which are the [[king cobra]], [[banded krait]], and [[tricarinate hill turtle]]. There is also a [[mugger crocodile]] breeding programme in nearby Ramtirtha.<ref name=WWFSimilipal>{{cite web|title=Similipal Tiger Reserve|url=http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|website=[[World Wide Fund for Nature]], India|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205152048/http://www.wwfindia.org/about_wwf/critical_regions/national_parks_tiger_reserves/similipal_tiger_reserve/|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary]] is a 190&nbsp;km² protected area near the capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced the forests and are driving herds of elephants to migration. In 2002, there were about 80 elephants. But by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals have migrated toward the Barbara reserve forest, Chilika, [[Nayagarh district]], and [[Athagad]]. Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died during migration from being electrocuted by power lines or hit by trains. Outside the protected area, they are killed by [[Poaching|poacher]]s.<ref name=ElephantBanished>{{cite news|title=Banished from their homes|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]]|date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904034144/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/item/52316-banished-from-their-homes.html|archive-date=4 September 2012}}</ref><ref name=ElephantWipeout>{{cite news|title=Away from home, Chandaka elephants face a wipeout|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 August 2013|access-date=5 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205151829/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Away-from-home-Chandaka-elephants-face-a-wipeout/2013/08/23/article1747976.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Besides elephants, the sanctuary also has [[Indian leopard]]s, [[jungle cat]]s and [[chital]]s.<ref name="Negi1993">{{cite book|author=Sharad Singh Negi|title=Biodiversity and Its Conservation in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242|access-date=5 February 2015|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=978-81-85182-88-9|page=242|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=PjfVFGM4p6wC&pg=PA242|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Bhitarkanika National Park]] in [[Kendrapara district]] covers 650&nbsp;km², of which 150&nbsp;km² are mangroves. The [[Gahirmatha Beach]] in Bhitarkanika is the world's largest nesting site for [[olive ridley sea turtle]]s.<ref name="Salagrama2006">{{cite book|author=Venkatesh Salagrama|title=Trends in Poverty and Livelihoods in Coastal Fishing Communities of Orissa State, India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16|access-date=5 February 2015|year=2006|publisher=Food & Agriculture Org.|isbn=978-92-5-105566-3|pages=16–17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=3m6XG0WippUC&pg=PA16|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013 the Indian coast guard started [[Operation Oliver]] to protect the endangered sea turtle population of the region.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece |title=Coast Guard launches 'Operation Oliver' |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 November 2013 |access-date=20 June 2022 |archive-date=20 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620155343/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/coast-guard-launches-operation-oliver/article5392444.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Other major nesting grounds for the turtle in the state are [[Rushikulya]], in [[Ganjam district]],<ref name=Olive2>{{cite news|title=Olive Ridley turtles begin mass nesting|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164643/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/olive-ridley-turtles-begin-mass-nesting/article5678344.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and the mouth of the [[Devi river]].<ref name=Olive3>{{cite news|title=Mass nesting of Olive Ridleys begins at Rushikulya beach|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 March 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/15/stories/2004031505150300.htm|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Bhitarkanika sanctuary is also noted for its large population of [[salt-water crocodile]]s.<ref name=CrocCensus>{{cite news|title=Bhitarkanika Park to be Closed for Crocodile Census|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=3 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162831/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bhitarkanika-Park-to-be-Closed-for-Crocodile-Census/2013/12/03/article1925220.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> In winter, the sanctuary is also visited by migratory birds. Among the species of birds spotted in the sanctuary are the [[black-crowned night heron]], [[darter]], [[grey heron]], [[Indian cormorant]], [[Oriental white ibis]], [[purple heron]], and [[sarus crane]].<ref name=BirdCount>{{cite news|title=Bird Count Rises in Bhitarkanika|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205162754/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Bird-Count-Rises-in-Bhitarkanika/2014/09/14/article2430718.ece|archive-date=5 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The possibly endangered [[horseshoe crab]] is also found in this region.<ref name=horseshoe>{{cite news|title=Concern over dwindling horseshoe crab population|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/concern-over-dwindling-horseshoe-crab-population/article5435987.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Chilika Lake]] is a brackish water lagoon on the east coast of Odisha with an area of 1,105&nbsp;km². It is connected to the [[Bay of Bengal]] by a 35-km-long narrow channel and is a part of the Mahanadi delta. In the dry season, the tides bring in salt water. In the rainy season, the rivers falling into the lagoon decrease its salinity.<ref name="AgarwalSingh2007">{{cite book|author1=Pushpendra K. Agarwal|author2=Vijay P. Singh|title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA984|access-date=5 February 2015|date=16 May 2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7|page=984|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105110846/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&pg=PA984|archive-date=5 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Birds from places like the [[Caspian Sea]], [[Lake Baikal]], other parts of Russia, Central Asia, South-East Asia, [[Ladakh]] and the [[Himalayas]] migrate to the lagoon in winter.<ref name=ChilikaFalls>{{cite news|title=Number of birds visiting Chilika falls but new species found|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=9 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831173859/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-in-school/number-of-birds-visiting-chilika-falls-but-new-species-found/article4288574.ece|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the birds spotted there are [[Eurasian wigeon]], [[Northern pintail|pintail]], [[bar-headed goose]], [[greylag goose]], [[flamingo]], [[mallard]] and [[Goliath heron]].<ref name=SharpDropChilika>{{cite news|title=Chilika registers sharp drop in winged visitors|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/chilika-registers-sharp-drop-in-winged-visitors/article5572489.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=TwoNewChilika>{{cite news|title=Two new species of migratory birds sighted in Chilika Lake|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/two-new-species-of-migratory-birds-sighted-in-chilika-lake/article4285667.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The lagoon also has a small population of the endangered [[Irrawaddy dolphin]]s.<ref name=DolphinRise>{{cite news|title=Dolphin population on rise in Chilika Lake|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017164642/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/dolphin-population-on-rise-in-chilika-lake/article108981.ece|archive-date=17 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The state's coastal region has also had sightings of [[finless porpoise]], [[bottlenose dolphin]], [[humpback dolphin]] and [[spinner dolphin]] in its waters.<ref name=DolphinCensus>{{cite news|title=Maiden Dolphin Census in State's Multiple Places on Cards|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece|access-date=5 February 2015|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=20 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123131044/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/Maiden-Dolphin-Census-in-State%E2%80%99s-Multiple-Places-on-Cards/2015/01/20/article2627780.ece|archive-date=23 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Odisha has a total of three operational airports, 16 airstrips and 16 helipads.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html|title=Ten-year roadmap for State's civil aviation|work=The Pioneer|location=India|year=2012|quote=at present there are 17 airstrips and 16 helipads in Odisha,|access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530180524/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/85381-ten-year-roadmap-for-states-civil-aviation.html|archive-date=30 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015115504/http://www.odishanow.in/story.aspx?s_id=5551|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 October 2014|title=10-year roadmap set up to boost Odisha civil aviation|work=odishanow.in|year=2012|quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads.|access-date=5 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|title=Odisha initiate steps for intra and inter state aviation facilities|work=news.webindia123.com|year=2012|quote=Odisha has 17 airstrips and 16 helipads|access-date=5 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113150837/http://news.webindia123.com/news/Articles/India/20120803/2037069.html|archive-date=13 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The airport at Jharsuguda was upgraded to a full-fledged domestic airport in May 2018. Rourkela Airport became operational in December 2022.The government of Odisha also plans five greenfield airports at [[Angul]], [[Dhamra]], [[Kalinganagar]], [[Paradeep]] and [[Rayagada]] in an effort to boost intrastate and inter-state civil aviation. The Dhamra Port Company Limited plans to build [[Dhamra Airport]] 20&nbsp;km from [[Dhamra Port]].<ref name="TOI9">{{cite news |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms |title= Adani Group plans airport at Dhamra |work= [[Times of India]] |date= 13 November 2018 |access-date= 3 February 2020 |archive-date= 6 December 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191206015656/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/adani-group-plans-airport-at-dhamra/articleshow/66603746.cms |url-status= live }}</ref>

[[File:Barabati stadium ipl Match Pune Warriors India vs deccan chargers.jpg|thumb|[[Barabati Stadium]] in [[Cuttack]]]]

The state of Odisha has hosted several international sporting events, including the [[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup]],  [[2020 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]] and [[2023 Men's Hockey World Cup]].

*[[Sports Authority of India|SAI]] Regional Badminton Academy<ref>{{Cite web|author=Minati Singha|date=15 May 2017|title=Odisha-SAI Regional Badminton Academy inaugurated in Bhubaneswar {{!}} Bhubaneswar News – Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms|access-date=30 May 2021|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225427/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-sai-regional-badminton-academy-inaugurated-in-bhubaneswar/articleshow/58686446.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

|PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia|WILL BE DELETED.|

|See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.|