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Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala: Difference between revisions
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}}{{Hinduism small}} | }}{{Hinduism small}} | ||
{{Vaishnavism}} | {{Vaishnavism}} | ||
The '''Sri Venkateswara Swami Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] situated in the hill town of [[Tirumala]] at [[Tirupati]] in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The Temple is dedicated to [[ | The '''Sri Venkateswara Swami Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] situated in the hill town of [[Tirumala]] at [[Tirupati]] in [[Tirupati district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India. The Temple is dedicated to [[Venkateswara]], a form of [[Vishnu]], who is believed to have appeared on the earth to save mankind from trials and troubles of ''[[Kali Yuga]]''. Hence the place has also got the name Kaliyuga [[Vaikuntha]] and the deity here is referred to as Kaliyuga Prathyaksha Daivam. The temple is also known by other names like Tirumala Temple, Tirupati Temple and Tirupati Balaji Temple. Venkateswara is known by many other names: Balaji, Govinda, and Srinivasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |title=Tirumala Temple |access-date=13 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011032254/http://tirumala.org/maintemple_about.htm |archive-date=11 October 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The temple is run by [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams]] (TTD), which is under control of Andhra Pradesh Government. The head of TTD is appointed by Andhra Pradesh Government. | ||
The temple is one of the [[Pancha Kshethram]] where [[Maha Lakshmi]] was born as ''Bhargavi'' - the daughter of Maharishi Bhrigu. The other four temples of the [[Pancha Kshethram]] are [[Sarangapani temple, Kumbakonam]], [[Oppiliappan temple]], [[Nachiyar Koil]] and [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem]]. | The temple is one of the [[Pancha Kshethram]] where [[Maha Lakshmi]] was born as ''Bhargavi'' - the daughter of Maharishi Bhrigu. The other four temples of the [[Pancha Kshethram]] are [[Sarangapani temple, Kumbakonam]], [[Oppiliappan temple]], [[Nachiyar Koil]] and [[Sundararaja Perumal Temple, Salem]]. | ||
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;Anandanilayam vimanam and Garbhagriha | ;Anandanilayam vimanam and Garbhagriha | ||
The ''[[garbhagriha]]'' is the [[sanctum sanctorum]] where the presiding deity [[ | The ''[[garbhagriha]]'' is the [[sanctum sanctorum]] where the presiding deity [[Venkateswara]] resides along with other small deities. The golden entrance leads to the g''arbhagriha''. There are two more doors in between the ''bangaruvakili'' and the ''garbhagriha''. The deity is in a standing posture with four hands in different postures - one in ''varada'' posture, one placed over thigh and other two holding the ''[[Panchajanya]]'' and the ''[[Sudarshana Chakra]]''. The deity is decorated with precious ornaments. The deity bears the [[Lakshmi|goddess Lakshmi]] on the right chest and the [[Alamelu|goddess Padmavati]] on the left. Pilgrims are not allowed to enter the garbhagriha (beyond ''Kulasekharapadi'' (path). | ||
The ''[[Ananda Nilayam|Ananda Nilayam Vimanam]]'' is the main gopuram constructed over the ''garbhagriha''. This is a three-storied gopuram and has single [[Kalasam]] at its apex. It is covered with gilt copper plates and covered with a golden vase. Depictions of several deities are carved over this gopuram. On this gopuram, there is a deity of Venkateswara known as ''Vimana Venkateswara,'' which is believed{{by whom|date=March 2023}} to be exact replica of deity inside the ''garbhagriha''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sitapati |first=Pidatala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10QgAAAAMAAJ |title=Sri Venkateswara, the Lord of the Seven Hills, Tirupati |date=1968 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |pages=107 |language=en}}</ref> | The ''[[Ananda Nilayam|Ananda Nilayam Vimanam]]'' is the main gopuram constructed over the ''garbhagriha''. This is a three-storied gopuram and has single [[Kalasam]] at its apex. It is covered with gilt copper plates and covered with a golden vase. Depictions of several deities are carved over this gopuram. On this gopuram, there is a deity of Venkateswara known as ''Vimana Venkateswara,'' which is believed{{by whom|date=March 2023}} to be exact replica of deity inside the ''garbhagriha''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sitapati |first=Pidatala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=10QgAAAAMAAJ |title=Sri Venkateswara, the Lord of the Seven Hills, Tirupati |date=1968 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |pages=107 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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==Deities in the temple== | ==Deities in the temple== | ||
{{main|Venkateswara|Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Deities in Tirumala Venkateswara Temple}} | {{main|Venkateswara|Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Deities in Tirumala Venkateswara Temple}} | ||
[[ | [[Venkateswara]], an [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]] is the [[Tirumala Dhruva Bera|presiding deity of the temple]]. It is believed that the [[Moolavar|Moolavirat]] is Swayambhu (self manifested).<ref name=svayam1>{{cite book|title=Pagan Ethics: Paganism as a World Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cJOCgAAQBAJ&q=Swayambhu+tirumala&pg=PA405|access-date=24 September 2019|isbn = 9783319189239|last1 = York|first1 = Michael|date = 5 August 2015}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Lord Venkat.jpeg|thumb|250px|A replica of the [[Garbhagriha]] of the Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala depicting '''Left''' - [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]] and [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa Swami]], '''Center''' - deity Venkateswara Main Deity (Dhruva beram), '''Center bottom''' - Bhoga Srinivasa, '''Right'''- Ugra Srinivasa, Koluvu Srinivasa, [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmana]] and Sri [[Rama]], Sri [[Krishna]], [[Rukmini]] ]] | [[File:Lord Venkat.jpeg|thumb|250px|A replica of the [[Garbhagriha]] of the Venkateswara Temple in Tirumala depicting '''Left''' - [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]] and [[Malayappa swami|Malayappa Swami]], '''Center''' - deity Venkateswara Main Deity (Dhruva beram), '''Center bottom''' - Bhoga Srinivasa, '''Right'''- Ugra Srinivasa, Koluvu Srinivasa, [[Sita]] and [[Lakshmana]] and Sri [[Rama]], Sri [[Krishna]], [[Rukmini]] ]] | ||
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#'''Moolavirat''' or '''[[Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Dhruva Beram]]'''- In the centre of [[Garbha griha]], under the Ananda Nilayam Vimana, the Moolavirat of Venkateswara is seen in standing posture on lotus base, with four arms, two holding Shanka and Chakra and one in Varada posture and other in Kati posture. This deity is considered the main source of energy for the temple and adorns with the Vaishnavite nama and jewels including vajra kiritam (diamond crown), Makarakundalas, Nagabharana, Makara Kanti, [[Saligrama]] haram, Lakshmi haram.<ref name=panchaberam /> Venkateswara's consort, [[Lakshmi]] stays on the chest of the Moolavirat as Vyuha Lakshmi. | #'''Moolavirat''' or '''[[Tirumala Dhruva Bera|Dhruva Beram]]'''- In the centre of [[Garbha griha]], under the Ananda Nilayam Vimana, the Moolavirat of Venkateswara is seen in standing posture on lotus base, with four arms, two holding Shanka and Chakra and one in Varada posture and other in Kati posture. This deity is considered the main source of energy for the temple and adorns with the Vaishnavite nama and jewels including vajra kiritam (diamond crown), Makarakundalas, Nagabharana, Makara Kanti, [[Saligrama]] haram, Lakshmi haram.<ref name=panchaberam /> Venkateswara's consort, [[Lakshmi]] stays on the chest of the Moolavirat as Vyuha Lakshmi. | ||
#'''[[Bhoga Srinivasa]]''' or '''Kautuka Beram''' -- This is a small one-foot (0.3 m) silver deity which was given to the temple in 614 AD by the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] Queen Samavai for conducting festivals. Bhoga Srinivasa is always placed near the left foot of Moolavirat and is always connected to the main deity by a holy ''Sambandha Kroocha''.This deity receives many daily sevas(pleasures) on behalf of Moolavar and hence known as Bhoga Srinivasa(Telugu: Bhoga means Pleasure). This deity receives Ekanthaseva daily<ref name=bhoga1>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tiruppavai-to-replace-Suprabhata-Seva/articleshow/55865340.cms| title=Tiruppavai to replace Suprabhata Seva | work=times of india | date=8 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> and SahasraKalasabhisheka on Wednesdays. | #'''[[Bhoga Srinivasa]]''' or '''Kautuka Beram''' -- This is a small one-foot (0.3 m) silver deity which was given to the temple in 614 AD by the [[Pallava dynasty|Pallava]] Queen Samavai for conducting festivals. Bhoga Srinivasa is always placed near the left foot of Moolavirat and is always connected to the main deity by a holy ''Sambandha Kroocha''.This deity receives many daily sevas(pleasures) on behalf of Moolavar and hence known as Bhoga Srinivasa(Telugu: Bhoga means Pleasure). This deity receives Ekanthaseva daily<ref name=bhoga1>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Tiruppavai-to-replace-Suprabhata-Seva/articleshow/55865340.cms| title=Tiruppavai to replace Suprabhata Seva | work=times of india | date=8 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> and SahasraKalasabhisheka on Wednesdays. | ||
#'''[[Ugra Srinivasa]]''' or '''Snapana Beram''' - This deity represents the fearsome (Telugu: Ugra means angry) aspect of deity Venkateswara.<ref name=ugra2>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Much-awaited-Kaisika-Dwadasi-falls-on-November-11/articleshow/55271593.cms| title=Much awaited Kaisika Dwadasi falls on November 11 | work=times of india | date=6 November 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=ugra1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Fervour-marks-%E2%80%98Kaisika-Dwadasi%E2%80%99-at-Tirumala/article16443338.ece| title=Fervour marks 'Kaisika Dwadasi' at Tirumala | work=The Hindu | date=2 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> This deity was the main processional deity until 1330 CE when it was replaced by the Malayappa Swami deity.<ref name=panchaberam /> Ugra Srinivasa remains inside the sanctum sanctorum and comes out on a procession only one day in a year: on ''Kaishika Dwadasi,'' before the sunrise.<ref name= | #'''[[Ugra Srinivasa]]''' or '''Snapana Beram''' - This deity represents the fearsome (Telugu: Ugra means angry) aspect of deity Venkateswara.<ref name=ugra2>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Much-awaited-Kaisika-Dwadasi-falls-on-November-11/articleshow/55271593.cms| title=Much awaited Kaisika Dwadasi falls on November 11 | work=times of india | date=6 November 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=ugra1>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Fervour-marks-%E2%80%98Kaisika-Dwadasi%E2%80%99-at-Tirumala/article16443338.ece| title=Fervour marks 'Kaisika Dwadasi' at Tirumala | work=The Hindu | date=2 December 2016 | access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> This deity was the main processional deity until 1330 CE when it was replaced by the Malayappa Swami deity.<ref name=panchaberam /> Ugra Srinivasa remains inside the sanctum sanctorum and comes out on a procession only one day in a year: on ''Kaishika Dwadasi,'' before the sunrise.<ref name=ugra2 /><ref name=ugra1 /> This deity receives daily ''[[abhishekam]]'' on behalf of Moolavirat, giving the name Snapana Beram(Sanskrit: Snapana means cleansing) | ||
#'''[[Malayappa swami|Malayappa Swami]]''' or '''Utsava Beram''' - Malayappa is the processional deity (Utsava beram) of the Temple and is always flanked by the deities of his consorts [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]]. This deity receives all festivals like [[Srivari Brahmotsavam|Brahmotsavams]], Kalyanotsavam, Dolotsavam, Vasanthotsavam, Sahasra deepalankarana seva, Padmavati parinyotsavams, pushpapallaki, Anivara asthanam, Ugadi asthanam etc. | #'''[[Malayappa swami|Malayappa Swami]]''' or '''Utsava Beram''' - Malayappa is the processional deity (Utsava beram) of the Temple and is always flanked by the deities of his consorts [[Lakshmi|Sridevi]] and [[Bhūmi|Bhudevi]]. This deity receives all festivals like [[Srivari Brahmotsavam|Brahmotsavams]], Kalyanotsavam, Dolotsavam, Vasanthotsavam, Sahasra deepalankarana seva, Padmavati parinyotsavams, pushpapallaki, Anivara asthanam, Ugadi asthanam etc. | ||
#'''[[Koluvu Srinivasa]]''' or '''Bali Beram'''- Koluvu Srinivasa represents Bali Beram. Koluvu Srinivasa is regarded as the guardian deity of the temple that presides over its financial and economic affairs. Daily Koluvu seva(Telugu: Koluvu means engaged in) is held in the morning, during which, the previous day's offerings, income, expenditures are notified to this deity, with a presentation of accounts. Panchanga sravanam also is held at the same time during which that particular days [[Tithi]], sunrise and sunset time, nakshatra are notified to the Venkateswara. | #'''[[Koluvu Srinivasa]]''' or '''Bali Beram'''- Koluvu Srinivasa represents Bali Beram. Koluvu Srinivasa is regarded as the guardian deity of the temple that presides over its financial and economic affairs. Daily Koluvu seva(Telugu: Koluvu means engaged in) is held in the morning, during which, the previous day's offerings, income, expenditures are notified to this deity, with a presentation of accounts. Panchanga sravanam also is held at the same time during which that particular days [[Tithi]], sunrise and sunset time, nakshatra are notified to the Venkateswara. | ||
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To manage the huge number of Devotees visiting the temple, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam constructed two Vaikuntam Queue Complexes: one in the year 1983 and the other in the year 2000. Vaikuntam Queue complexes have rooms where Devotees can sit and wait until their turn for Darshan. According to tradition, it is important for a devotee to have darshan of Bhuvaraha swamy temple lying on the northern banks of Swami Pushkarini before having Darshan of Venkateswara in the main temple.<ref name=darshan1>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|title = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Sri Bhu Varaha Swamy Temple}}</ref> | To manage the huge number of Devotees visiting the temple, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam constructed two Vaikuntam Queue Complexes: one in the year 1983 and the other in the year 2000. Vaikuntam Queue complexes have rooms where Devotees can sit and wait until their turn for Darshan. According to tradition, it is important for a devotee to have darshan of Bhuvaraha swamy temple lying on the northern banks of Swami Pushkarini before having Darshan of Venkateswara in the main temple.<ref name=darshan1>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/Varaha_TempleLegend.aspx|title = Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Sri Bhu Varaha Swamy Temple}}</ref> | ||
Recently, the administration introduced a separate queue for pedestrian pilgrims. Free but limited number of biometric tokens are issued for the pilgrims to access this special queue. Tokens are provided on a first-come, first-served basis. The pilgrims can worship [[ | Recently, the administration introduced a separate queue for pedestrian pilgrims. Free but limited number of biometric tokens are issued for the pilgrims to access this special queue. Tokens are provided on a first-come, first-served basis. The pilgrims can worship [[Venkateswara]] on the allotted time slots issued in the token. There are two entry points for the foot-path pilgrims: Alipiri Mettu and Srivari Mettu. Alipiri Mettu is open round the clock, whereas Srivari Mettu is open from 6am - 6pm.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=G. P |title=Early closure of Srivari Mettu footpath mooted |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/early-closure-of-srivari-mettu-footpath-mooted/article5094927.ece |access-date=6 June 2022 |work=The Hindu |date=4 September 2013 |language=en-IN}}</ref> | ||
{{See also|Vaikuntam Queue Complex}} | {{See also|Vaikuntam Queue Complex}} | ||
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==Songs and hymns== | ==Songs and hymns== | ||
[[Suprabhatam#Venkateshwara Suprabhatam|Venkateswara Suprabhatam]] is the first and pre-dawn seva performed to [[ | [[Suprabhatam#Venkateshwara Suprabhatam|Venkateswara Suprabhatam]] is the first and pre-dawn seva performed to [[Venkateswara]] at Sayana Mandapam inside sanctum sanctorum of Tirumala Temple. 'Suprabhatam' is a Sanskrit term which literally means 'Good Morning' and is meant to wake up the deity from His celestial sleep.<ref name=suprabhatham>{{cite book |last=V.K. |first=Subramanian |title=Sacred Songs of India, Volume 10 |publisher=Abhinav publications |page=59 |isbn=81-7017-444-9|year=1996 }}</ref><ref name=song>{{cite web|url = http://www.tirumala.org/Suprabhatam.aspx|publisher= Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|title =Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Suprabhatam|access-date=29 July 2015}}</ref> Venkateswara Suprabhatam hymns were composed by [[Prathivadhi Bhayankaram Annangaracharya]] during 13th century and consists of 70 slokas in four parts including Suprabhatam(29), Stotram(11), Prapatti(14) and Mangalasasanam(16).<ref name=suprabhatham /><ref name=song/> The thirteenth sloka of Venkateswara Suprabhatam is as follows:<ref name=suprabhatham /> | ||
<blockquote> | <blockquote> | ||
{{Col-begin|width=100%}} | {{Col-begin|width=100%}} | ||
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{{Cquote|One with Lakshmi! One who grants boons! Friend of all the worlds! Abode of Sri Lakshmi! The matchless ocean of compassion! One having a charming form on account of the chest which is the abode of Sri Lakshmi! Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. ॥ 13 ॥}} | {{Cquote|One with Lakshmi! One who grants boons! Friend of all the worlds! Abode of Sri Lakshmi! The matchless ocean of compassion! One having a charming form on account of the chest which is the abode of Sri Lakshmi! Lord of Venkatachala! May it be an auspicious dawn to Thee. ॥ 13 ॥}} | ||
</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
[[Annamacharya|Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (Annamayya), the poet saint<ref name=annam1>{{cite book | title =Poet Saints of India| publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | year = 1996 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA145| isbn = 9788120718838 }}</ref> of 14th century, one of the greatest Telugu poets and a great devotee of Venkateswara, had sung 32000 songs in praise of Venkateswara.<ref name=annam3>{{cite book | title = 101 Mystics of India| publisher = Abhinav Publications | year = 2006 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KPPWvkKXwCwC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA97| isbn = 9788170174714 }}</ref | [[Annamacharya|Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (Annamayya), the poet saint<ref name=annam1>{{cite book | title =Poet Saints of India| publisher = Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd | year = 1996 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA145| isbn = 9788120718838 }}</ref> of 14th century, one of the greatest Telugu poets and a great devotee of Venkateswara, had sung 32000 songs in praise of Venkateswara.<ref name=annam1 /><ref name=annam3>{{cite book | title = 101 Mystics of India| publisher = Abhinav Publications | year = 2006 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=KPPWvkKXwCwC&q=annamacharya&pg=PA97| isbn = 9788170174714 }}</ref> All his songs which are in Telugu and Sanskrit, are referred to as Sankirtanas and are classified as Sringara Sankirtanalu and Adhyatma Sankirtanalu.<ref name=annam1 /> | ||
==The Seven Hills== | ==The Seven Hills== | ||
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[[Annamacharya|Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (or Annamayya) (22 May 1408 – 4 April 1503) was the official songmaster of the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, and a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] composer who composed around 36000 keertanas,<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/s-p-sailaja-keeps-audience-spellbound/article2940784.ece?| title=S. P. Sailaja keeps audience spellbound |newspaper=The Hindu News|date=28 February 2012|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> many of which were in praise of Venkateswara, the presiding deity of the temple. | [[Annamacharya|Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya]] (or Annamayya) (22 May 1408 – 4 April 1503) was the official songmaster of the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, and a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] composer who composed around 36000 keertanas,<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/s-p-sailaja-keeps-audience-spellbound/article2940784.ece?| title=S. P. Sailaja keeps audience spellbound |newspaper=The Hindu News|date=28 February 2012|access-date=2 March 2013}}</ref> many of which were in praise of Venkateswara, the presiding deity of the temple. | ||
[[Hathiram Bhavaji]] was a saint from [[Ayodhya]] who visited [[Tirumala]] around 1500 CE<ref name="Sri Venkateswara by Shantha">{{cite book|last1=Shantha|first1=Nair|title=Sri Venkateswara: Lord Balaji and his holy abode of Thirupati|date=2013|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|location=Mumbai|isbn=978-81-8495-445-6|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CY9eAAAAQBAJ&q=Hathiram+Bhavaji&pg=PT84|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> on a pilgrimage and became a devotee of [[ | [[Hathiram Bhavaji]] was a saint from [[Ayodhya]] who visited [[Tirumala]] around 1500 CE<ref name="Sri Venkateswara by Shantha">{{cite book|last1=Shantha|first1=Nair|title=Sri Venkateswara: Lord Balaji and his holy abode of Thirupati|date=2013|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|location=Mumbai|isbn=978-81-8495-445-6|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CY9eAAAAQBAJ&q=Hathiram+Bhavaji&pg=PT84|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> on a pilgrimage and became a devotee of [[Venkateswara]].<ref name="speakingtree">{{cite web|last1=Ramachandra Pai|first1=N. A.|title=Hathiram Baba|url=http://www.speakingtree.in/blog/hathiram-baba|website=speakingtree.in|publisher=Speeking Tree|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="panditbooking">{{cite web|last1=Team|first1=panditbooking|title=The Story of Lord Balaji's favorite devotee Hathiramji Baba and the name of Balaji to the Lord of Tirupati|url=http://spiritual.panditbooking.com/hathiramji-baba/|website=spiritual.panditbooking.com|publisher=Panditbooking|access-date=26 September 2016}}</ref> | ||
==Religious significance== | ==Religious significance== | ||
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==Nearby temples== | ==Nearby temples== | ||
{{main|List of Hindu temples in Tirupati}} | {{main|List of Hindu temples in Tirupati}} | ||
There are many ancient temples nearby [[Tirumala]]. [[Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur|Sri Padamavathi Temple]] is temple dedicated to [[Alamelu|Padmavathi]], the wife of [[ | There are many ancient temples nearby [[Tirumala]]. [[Padmavathi Temple, Tiruchanur|Sri Padamavathi Temple]] is temple dedicated to [[Alamelu|Padmavathi]], the wife of [[Venkateswara]], situated at [[Tiruchanur]] which is 5 km from [[Tirupati]]. [[Srikalahasti Temple|Srikalahasteeswara Temple]] is the temple dedicated to [[Shiva]] which represents ''Vayu'' (air) form of elements of Nature, is situated at [[Srikalahasti]] which is 38 km from Tirupati. [[Vinayaka Temple, Kanipakam|Sri Varasiddhi Vinayaka Temple]], situated at [[Kanipakam]] town, is a 10th-century Temple dedicated to [[Vinayaka]] at 75 km from Tirupati. Other than these, temples like Govindaraja Temple, Kalyana Venkateswara Temple(Srinivasa Mangapuram), [[Sri Kodandaramaswami Temple|Kodandarama Temple]], [[Kapila Theertham]] are situated within the Tirupati city. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||