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{{short description|Fielding position in cricket}} | {{short description|Fielding position in cricket}} | ||
{{Use British English|date=February 2013}} | {{Use British English|date=February 2013}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} | ||
[[Image:Cricket wicket keeper.jpg|thumb|Wicket-keeper in characteristic [[full squatting position]], facing a delivery from a slow pace or [[spin bowling|spin bowler]]]] | [[Image:Cricket wicket keeper.jpg|thumb|Wicket-keeper in characteristic [[full squatting position]], facing a delivery from a slow pace or [[spin bowling|spin bowler]]]] | ||
[[Image:Gilly_and_the_slips.jpg|thumb|Wicket-keeper in characteristic [[partial squatting position]] (together with [[Slip (cricket)|slip fielders]]), facing a delivery from a [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]].]] | [[Image:Gilly_and_the_slips.jpg|thumb|Wicket-keeper in characteristic [[partial squatting position]] (together with [[Slip (cricket)|slip fielders]]), facing a delivery from a [[Fast bowling|fast bowler]].]] | ||
The '''wicket-keeper''' in the sport of [[cricket]] is the player on the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding side]] who stands behind the [[wicket]] or stumps being watchful of the [[batsman]] and ready to take a [[Caught|catch]], [[Stumped|stump]] the batsman out and [[run out]] a batsman when occasion arises. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding side permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards.<ref name=Law27>{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-the-wicket-keeper/ |title=Law 27 – The wicket-keeper |publisher=MCC |access-date=29 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001123050/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-the-wicket-keeper/ |archive-date=1 October 2017 | The '''wicket-keeper''' in the sport of [[cricket]] is the player on the [[fielding (cricket)|fielding side]] who stands behind the [[wicket]] or stumps being watchful of the [[batsman]] and ready to take a [[Caught|catch]], [[Stumped|stump]] the batsman out and [[run out]] a batsman when occasion arises. The wicket-keeper is the only member of the fielding side permitted to wear gloves and external leg guards.<ref name=Law27>{{cite web |url=https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-the-wicket-keeper/ |title=Law 27 – The wicket-keeper |publisher=MCC |access-date=29 September 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001123050/https://www.lords.org/mcc/laws-of-cricket/laws/law-27-the-wicket-keeper/ |archive-date=1 October 2017 }}</ref> The role of the keeper is governed by Law 27 of the [[Laws of Cricket]].<ref name=Law27/> | ||
[[Image:Strauss_dismissal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Adam Gilchrist]] of [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] [[List of cricket terms#S|standing up]] to the stumps against [[England | [[Image:Strauss_dismissal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Adam Gilchrist]] of [[Australia cricket team|Australia]] [[List of cricket terms#S|standing up]] to the stumps against [[England cricket team|England]] during the fourth test of the [[2005 Ashes series]] in England.]] | ||
== Stance == | == Stance == | ||
Initially, during the bowling of the ball the wicket-keeper crouches in a full [[squatting position]] but | Initially, during the bowling of the ball the wicket-keeper crouches in a full [[squatting position]] but partly stands up as the ball is received. Australian wicket-keeper [[Sammy Carter]] (1878 to 1948) was the first to squat on his haunches rather than bend over from the waist (stooping).<ref>''The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket'', Oxford, Melbourne, 1996, p. 100.</ref> | ||
== Purposes == | == Purposes == | ||
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* The most common dismissal effected by the keeper is for him to ''[[catch (cricket)|catch]]'' a ball that has nicked the batsman's bat, called an ''edge'', before it bounces. Sometimes the keeper is also in the best position to catch a ball which has been hit high in the air. More catches are taken by wicket-keepers than by any other fielding position. | * The most common dismissal effected by the keeper is for him to ''[[catch (cricket)|catch]]'' a ball that has nicked the batsman's bat, called an ''edge'', before it bounces. Sometimes the keeper is also in the best position to catch a ball which has been hit high in the air. More catches are taken by wicket-keepers than by any other fielding position. | ||
* The keeper can [[Stumped|stump]] the batsman by using the ball to remove the [[bail (cricket)|bails]] from the [[stump (cricket)|stumps]], if the batsman is out of his [[crease (cricket)|crease]] after a delivery has passed the stumps into the keeper's hands. The keeper must then dislodge the bail(s) and the batsman is out if he is still outside the crease. | * The keeper can [[Stumped|stump]] the batsman by using the ball to remove the [[bail (cricket)|bails]] from the [[stump (cricket)|stumps]], if the batsman is out of his [[crease (cricket)|crease]] after a delivery has passed the stumps into the keeper's hands. The keeper must then dislodge the bail(s) and the batsman is out if he is still outside the crease. | ||
* When the ball is hit into the outfield, the keeper moves close to the stumps to catch the return throw from a fielder and, if possible, to ''[[run out]]'' a batsman. | * When the ball is hit into the outfield, the keeper moves close to the stumps to catch the return throw from a fielder and, if possible, to ''[[run out]]'' a batsman by collecting the ball in his gloves and putting down the wicket. | ||
* If the batter & non-striker attempt to run a [[Bye (cricket)|bye]] following the batsman missing or not playing a shot the wicket keeper can throw the ball at the stumps after he catches the delivery. In outfield cricket it is a rare play due to the high chance of the non-striker being put out. This play is more common during [[Indoor cricket]] games and it is common for indoor cricket wicket-keepers to only wear a single glove in order to make throws to the non-striker's end easier to hit with. | |||
* The only example of the [[Obstructing the field]] dismissal in Test Cricket came from a batter attempting to hit the ball away from a catch being taken by the wicket-keeper. | |||
A keeper's position depends on the [[ | A keeper's position depends on the [[Bowling (cricket)|bowler]]: for [[fast bowling]] he will squat some distance from the stumps, in order to have time to react to edges from the batsman, while for slower bowling, he will come much nearer to the stumps (known as "standing up"), to pressure the batsman into remaining within the crease or risk being stumped. The more skilled the keeper, the faster the bowling to which he is able to "stand up", for instance [[Godfrey Evans]] often stood up to [[Alec Bedser]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/12543.html|title=Godfrey Evans|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=8 November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016081830/http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/12543.html|archive-date=16 October 2014}}</ref> | ||
Like the other players on a cricket team | Like the other players on a cricket team the keepers will bat during the team's batting innings. At elite levels wicket-keepers are generally expected to be proficient batters averaging considerably more than specialist bowlers. This [[Wicket-keeper-batsman]] form became popular in the 1990's as the Australian national team saw success when elevating [[Adam Gilchrist]] to the team after the retirement of [[Ian Healy]]. Healy averaged 27.39 and 4,356 runs total from his 119 Test Matches, and is viewed as a specialist wicket-keeper who had improved his marginally effective batting toward the end of his career. Gilchrist on the other hand was a dominating, powerful batsman from the start, playing 96 Test Matches with a 47.60 average with 5,570 total runs despite playing 23 less matches. Gilchrist's success effectively forced the specialist wicket-keeper into extinction at the top levels of the sport as teams could no long afford to pick a mediocre or poor batsman in the position as long as the player who was chosen could perform up to basic standards of the wicket-keeper position when fielding. | ||
== Legal specifications of wicket-keeping gloves == | == Legal specifications of wicket-keeping gloves == | ||
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[[Image:Wicket-Keeping Gloves.jpg|thumb|A pair of wicket-keeping gloves. The webbing which helps the keeper to catch the ball can be seen between the thumb and index fingers.]] | [[Image:Wicket-Keeping Gloves.jpg|thumb|A pair of wicket-keeping gloves. The webbing which helps the keeper to catch the ball can be seen between the thumb and index fingers.]] | ||
Law 27.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that: | Law 27.2, which deals with the specifications for wicketkeepers' gloves, states that: | ||
*If ... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support. | *If ... the wicket-keeper wears gloves, they shall have no webbing between the fingers except joining index finger and thumb, where webbing may be inserted as a means of support. | ||
*If used, the webbing shall be a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks. | *If used, the webbing shall be a single piece of non-stretch material which, although it may have facing material attached, shall have no reinforcements or tucks. | ||
*The top edge of the webbing shall not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb and shall be taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended.<ref name=Law27/> | *The top edge of the webbing shall not protrude beyond the straight line joining the top of the index finger to the top of the thumb and shall be taut when a hand wearing the glove has the thumb fully extended.<ref name=Law27/> | ||
== Substitutes == | == Substitutes == | ||
Substitutes were previously not allowed to keep wicket, but this restriction was lifted in the 2017 edition of the [[Laws of Cricket]]. | Substitutes were previously not allowed to keep wicket, but this restriction was lifted in the 2017 edition of the [[Laws of Cricket]]. | ||
This rule was sometimes suspended, by agreement with the captain of the batting side. For example, during the England–New Zealand [[test cricket|Test | This rule was sometimes suspended, by agreement with the captain of the batting side. For example, during the England–New Zealand [[test cricket|Test match]] at [[Lord's]] in 1986, England's specialist keeper, [[Bruce French (cricketer)|Bruce French]], was injured while batting during England's first innings. England then used four keepers in New Zealand's first innings: [[Bill Athey]] kept for the first two overs; 45-year-old veteran [[Bob Taylor (cricketer)|Bob Taylor]] was pulled out of the sponsor's tent to keep for overs 3 to 76; [[Bobby Parks (cricketer)|Bobby Parks]], the Hampshire keeper, was called up for overs 77 to 140; and Bruce French kept wicket for the final ball of the innings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153677.html|title=England v New Zealand 1986|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520062238/http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/153677.html|archive-date=20 May 2012}}</ref> | ||
[[Arthur Jones (English cricketer)|Arthur Jones]] was the first substitute to keep wicket in a Test match, when he did so [[Australian cricket team in England in 1905|against Australia]] at [[The Oval]] in 1905.<ref name="Jones">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149540.html |title=The limpet |access-date=18 August 2017 | | [[Arthur Jones (English cricketer)|Arthur Jones]] was the first substitute to keep wicket in a Test match, when he did so [[Australian cricket team in England in 1905|against Australia]] at [[The Oval]] in 1905.<ref name="Jones">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149540.html |title=The limpet |access-date=18 August 2017 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo|date=29 July 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818140101/http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/149540.html |archive-date=18 August 2017 }}</ref> Virat Kohli once happened to substitute MS Dhoni, as the latter had to attend for his nature's call. This incident happened in 2015 during India vs Bangladesh ODI match.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Kohli Replaced Dhoni as Wicketkeeper for One Over |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/when-kohli-replaced-dhoni-in-a-match-for-wicket-keeping-know-why-he-was-scared-3814487.html |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Playing without a wicket-keeper== | ==Playing without a wicket-keeper== | ||
There is no rule stating a team must play a wicket-keeper.<ref name="FoxSport">{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/natwest-t20-blast-video-worcestershire-wicketkeeper-daryl-mitchell-moves-to-outfield/story-e6frf3g3-1227386920086 |title=NatWest T20 Blast video: Worcestershire wicketkeeper Daryl Mitchell moves to outfield |access-date=7 June 2015 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> On 5 June 2015 during a [[2015 NatWest t20 Blast|T20 Blast game]] between the [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire Rapids]] and the [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire Steelbacks]], Worcestershire chose not to play a wicket-keeper in the 16th over of the match.<ref name="sportskeeda">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/english-county-side-creates-controversy-by-having-no-wicket-keeper-behind-the-stumps |title=English county side creates controversy by having no wicket-keeper behind the stumps |access-date=7 June 2015 |work=sportskeeda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608235646/http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/english-county-side-creates-controversy-by-having-no-wicket-keeper-behind-the-stumps |archive-date=8 June 2015 | There is no rule stating a team must play a wicket-keeper.<ref name="FoxSport">{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/cricket/natwest-t20-blast-video-worcestershire-wicketkeeper-daryl-mitchell-moves-to-outfield/story-e6frf3g3-1227386920086 |title=NatWest T20 Blast video: Worcestershire wicketkeeper Daryl Mitchell moves to outfield |access-date=7 June 2015 |work=Fox Sports}}</ref> On 5 June 2015 during a [[2015 NatWest t20 Blast|T20 Blast game]] between the [[Worcestershire County Cricket Club|Worcestershire Rapids]] and the [[Northamptonshire County Cricket Club|Northamptonshire Steelbacks]], Worcestershire chose not to play a wicket-keeper in the 16th over of the match.<ref name="sportskeeda">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/english-county-side-creates-controversy-by-having-no-wicket-keeper-behind-the-stumps |title=English county side creates controversy by having no wicket-keeper behind the stumps |access-date=7 June 2015 |work=sportskeeda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608235646/http://www.sportskeeda.com/cricket/english-county-side-creates-controversy-by-having-no-wicket-keeper-behind-the-stumps |archive-date=8 June 2015 }}</ref> Their keeper, [[Ben Cox]], became an extra fielder at [[Fielding (cricket)#Fielding position names and locations|fly slip]] while spinner [[Moeen Ali]] bowled.<ref name="sportskeeda" /> The umpires consulted with each other and agreed that there was nothing in the rules to prevent it from happening.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/county-cricket-2015/content/story/884583.html |title=Worcestershire ditch keeper as Dhoni gives idea for controversial ploy |access-date=7 June 2015 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> | ||
==Leading international wicket-keepers== | ==Leading international wicket-keepers== | ||
===Test=== | ===Test=== | ||
The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283791.html|publisher= | The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Test cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283791.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=15 August 2018|title=Wicketkeeping Records most Test Match dismissals in a career}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!Total dismissals | !Total dismissals | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 ||[[ | | 1 || [[Mark Boucher]]||{{cr|SA}}|| 147 || 532 || 23 || 555 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || [[Adam Gilchrist]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 96 || 379 || 37 || 416 | | 2 || [[Adam Gilchrist]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 96 || 379 || 37 || 416 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| 4 || [[Rod Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 96 || 343 || 12 || 355 | | 4 || [[Rod Marsh]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 96 || 343 || 12 || 355 | ||
|- | |||
| 5 ||[[MS Dhoni]]||{{cr|IND}}|| 90 || 256 || 38 || 294 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan=2|6 || [[Brad Haddin]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 66 || 262 || 8 || 270 | | rowspan=2|6 || [[Brad Haddin]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 66 || 262 || 8 || 270 | ||
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| 8 || [[Alan Knott]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 95 || 250 || 19 || 269 | | 8 || [[Alan Knott]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 95 || 250 || 19 || 269 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || | | 9 || [[BJ Watling]] || {{cr|NZ}} || 73 || 249 || 8 || 257 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 10 || [[Matt Prior]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 79 || 243 || 13 || 256 | | 10 || [[Matt Prior]] || {{cr|ENG}} || 79 || 243 || 13 || 256 | ||
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===ODI=== | ===ODI=== | ||
The following are the top | The following are the top wicket-keepers by total dismissals in one day cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283792.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 September 2019|title=Wicketkeeping Records most ODI dismissals in a career}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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!Total dismissals | !Total dismissals | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 1 || [[ | | 1 || [[Kumar Sangakkara]] || {{cr|SL}} || 353 || 383 || 99 || 482 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 2 || [[Adam Gilchrist]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 287 || 417 || 55 || 472 | | 2 || [[Adam Gilchrist]] || {{cr|AUS}} || 287 || 417 || 55 || 472 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 3 || [[MS Dhoni]] || {{cr|IND}} || 341 || 321 || 123 || 444 | | 3 || [[MS Dhoni]] || {{cr|IND}} || 341 || 321 || 123 || 444 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 || [[Mark Boucher]] || {{cr|RSA}} || 295 || | | 4 || [[Mark Boucher]] || {{cr|RSA}} || 295 || 403 || 22 || 424 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || [[Moin Khan]] || {{cr|PAK}} || 219 || 214 ||73 || 287 | | 5 || [[Moin Khan]] || {{cr|PAK}} || 219 || 214 ||73 || 287 | ||
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===T20I=== | ===T20I=== | ||
The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Twenty20 International cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283793.html|publisher= | The following are the top 10 wicket-keepers by total dismissals in Twenty20 International cricket.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283793.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 September 2019|title=Wicketkeeping Records most T20I Match dismissals in a career}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| 4 || '''[[Mushfiqur Rahim]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || 81 || 30 || 28 || 58 | | 4 || '''[[Mushfiqur Rahim]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || 81 || 30 || 28 || 58 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 || '''[[Mohammad Shahzad]]''' || {{cr|AFG}} || 65 || 26 || 28 || 54 | | 5 || '''[[Mohammad Shahzad]]''' || {{cr|AFG|2013}} || 65 || 26 || 28 || 54 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 6 || '''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || 38 || 36 || 10 || 46 | | 6 || '''[[Quinton de Kock]]''' || {{cr|SA}} || 38 || 36 || 10 || 46 | ||
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| 7 || [[Kumar Sangakkara]] || {{cr|SRI}} || 56 || 25 || 20 || 45 | | 7 || [[Kumar Sangakkara]] || {{cr|SRI}} || 56 || 25 || 20 || 45 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 8 || '''[[ | | 8 || '''[[Sarfaraz Ahmed]]''' || {{cr|PAK}} || 55 || 34 || 10 || 44 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 9 || [[Brendon McCullum]] || {{cr|NZL}} || 71 || 24 || 8 || 32 | | 9 || [[Brendon McCullum]] || {{cr|NZL}} || 71 || 24 || 8 || 32 | ||
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{{Cricket positions}} | {{Cricket positions}} | ||
{{Wicket-keepers in Test cricket}} | {{Wicket-keepers in Test cricket}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wicket-Keeper}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Wicket-Keeper}} | ||
[[Category:Cricket terminology]] | [[Category:Cricket terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Partial squatting position]] | [[Category:Partial squatting position]] | ||
[[Category:Wicket-keepers]] | |||
[[Category:Cricket]] | |||