.svg)
16,599
edits
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant: Difference between revisions
m
Updated the article +/-
m (Removed empty portal template using script) |
Ajay Kumar (talk | contribs) m (Updated the article +/-) |
||
| Line 33: | Line 33: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant''' (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction of unit 5 & 6 of | '''Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant''' (or Kudankulam NPP or KKNPP) is the largest<ref>{{Cite web|title=Construction of unit 5 & 6 of India's largest nuclear power plant in Kudankulam commences|url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/construction-of-unit-5-6-of-indias-largest-nuclear-power-plant-in-kudankulam-commences-394688|access-date=2022-02-17|website=WION|language=en}}</ref> [[Nuclear power plant|nuclear power station]] in India, situated in [[Kudankulam]] in the [[Tirunelveli district]] of the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. Construction on the plant began on 31 March 2002,<ref name="iaea.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=852 |title=PRIS – Albert's-1 – Reactor Details |publisher=Iaea.org |date=2002-03-31 |access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> but faced several delays due to opposition from local fishermen.<ref name="business-standard1">{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/commercial-operation-of-kudankulam-plant-delayed-further-113011300023_1.html |title=Commercial operation of Kudankulam plant delayed further |newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=2013-01-13 |access-date=2013-07-14}}</ref><ref name=professor>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130209/jsp/nation/story_16541617.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322090610/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130209/jsp/nation/story_16541617.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 March 2014|title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible}}</ref> KKNPP is scheduled to have six [[VVER|VVER-1000]] reactors built in collaboration with [[Atomstroyexport]], the Russian state company and [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited]] (NPCIL), with an installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity.<ref name="frontline1">{{cite web|last=Subramanian|first=T.S.|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/kudankulam-ready-for-more/article9266675.ece |title=Kudankulam ready for more |publisher=Frontline |date=11 November 2016 |access-date=2016-12-22}}</ref> | ||
Unit 1 was synchronised with the southern power grid on 22 October 2013 and since then, has been generating electricity at its warranted limit of 1,000 MW.<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kudankulam-unit-1-synchronised-with-southern-power-grid/article5260352.ece |title= Wait for Kudankulam power ends; unit 1 linked to grid |work= [[Business Line]] |date= 2013-10-22 |access-date= 2013-12-06}}</ref> The original cost of the two units was {{INR}} 13,171 [[crore]], but it was later revised to {{INR}} 17,270 crore (US$2.6 billion). Russia advanced a credit of {{INR}} 6,416 crore (US$0.97 billion) for both the units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/ready-to-run/article4944731.ece?homepage=true |title=Ready to run |publisher=Frontline |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> Unit 2 attained criticality on 10 July 2016 and was synchronised with the electricity grid on 29 August. | Unit 1 was synchronised with the southern power grid on 22 October 2013 and since then, has been generating electricity at its warranted limit of 1,000 MW.<ref name="thehindubusinessline1">{{cite news|url= http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/kudankulam-unit-1-synchronised-with-southern-power-grid/article5260352.ece |title= Wait for Kudankulam power ends; unit 1 linked to grid |work= [[Business Line]] |date= 2013-10-22 |access-date= 2013-12-06}}</ref> The original cost of the two units was {{INR}} 13,171 [[crore]], but it was later revised to {{INR}} 17,270 crore (US$2.6 billion). Russia advanced a credit of {{INR}} 6,416 crore (US$0.97 billion) for both the units.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontline.in/the-nation/ready-to-run/article4944731.ece?homepage=true |title=Ready to run |publisher=Frontline |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=2013-07-29}}</ref> Unit 2 attained criticality on 10 July 2016 and was synchronised with the electricity grid on 29 August. | ||
| Line 75: | Line 75: | ||
Construction began on 31 March 2002, with [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India|Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd]] (NPCIL) predicting that the first unit would be operational in March 2007, instead of the original target of December 2007.<ref name="frontline1"/> | Construction began on 31 March 2002, with [[Nuclear Power Corporation of India|Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd]] (NPCIL) predicting that the first unit would be operational in March 2007, instead of the original target of December 2007.<ref name="frontline1"/> | ||
A small [[port]] became operational in Kudankulam on 14 January 2004. This port was established to receive [[barge]]s carrying over-sized [[light water reactor]] equipment from ships anchored at a distance of {{convert|1.5|km}}. Until 2004, materials had to be brought in via road from the port of [[Thoothukudi]], risking damage during transportation.<ref name="koodam4">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/01/17/stories/2004011700940600.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : Kudankulam port becomes operational|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref> In 2008, negotiations on building four additional reactors at the site began. Though the capacity of these reactors | A small [[port]] became operational in Kudankulam on 14 January 2004. This port was established to receive [[barge]]s carrying over-sized [[light water reactor]] equipment from ships anchored at a distance of {{convert|1.5|km}}. Until 2004, materials had to be brought in via road from the port of [[Thoothukudi]], risking damage during transportation.<ref name="koodam4">{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/01/17/stories/2004011700940600.htm|title=The Hindu Business Line : Kudankulam port becomes operational|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com}}</ref> In 2008, negotiations on building four additional reactors at the site began. Though the capacity of these reactors had not been declared, it was expected that the capacity of each reactor will be 1,200 MW (1.2 GW).<ref>{{cite news | url = http://in.reuters.com/article/topNews/idINIndia-31900120080212 | title = Russia, India edge closer to major nuclear deal | author = Dmitry Sergeev | work = Reuters | date = 1 February 2008 | access-date =1 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20081203/884/twl-india-russia-to-sign-deal-on-new-nuc_1.html | title = India, Russia to sign deal on new nuclear reactors | access-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206080407/http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20081203/884/twl-india-russia-to-sign-deal-on-new-nuc_1.html |archive-date=6 December 2008 }}</ref> The new reactors would bring the total capacity of the power plant to 6,800 MW (6.8 GW). | ||
The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of third and fourth units was performed on 17 February 2016 and [[AERB]] authorised the first pour of concrete on 19 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/bhoomi-pooja-performed-for-kudankulam-3rd-4th-units_1856550.html |title = Bhoomi pooja performed for Kudankulam 3rd, 4th units |publisher = Zee Media Corporation Ltd. |date = 17 February 2016 | access-date = 18 February 2016 | The ground-breaking ceremony for construction of third and fourth units was performed on 17 February 2016 and [[AERB]] authorised the first pour of concrete on 19 June 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://zeenews.india.com/news/tamil-nadu/bhoomi-pooja-performed-for-kudankulam-3rd-4th-units_1856550.html |title = Bhoomi pooja performed for Kudankulam 3rd, 4th units |publisher = Zee Media Corporation Ltd. |date = 17 February 2016 | access-date = 18 February 2016}}</ref> Construction of the third and fourth units started on 29 June 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/news/construction-of-kudankulam-npp-2nd-stage-has-commenced/|title=Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM global leader in nuclear technologies nuclear energy|website=www.rosatom.ru}}</ref> AERB granted excavation permit for Unit 5 and 6 in 14 November 2018 and concerete pour begun in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Surendra|title=Make in India push: India likely to produce nuclear fuel with Russia's help|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/make-in-india-push-india-likely-to-produce-n-fuel-with-russias-help/articleshow/70982319.cms|access-date=24 September 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref name="aerb_56">{{cite web |title=e-Newsletter, October – December 2018 |url=https://www.aerb.gov.in/images/PDF/e-Newsletter-Oct-Dec-2018-R7.pdf |website=Atomic Energy Regulatory Board |access-date=16 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="fpc_34">{{cite web|date=23 June 2017|title=AERB grants FPC clearance for Kudankulam units 3 and 4|url=https://www.aerb.gov.in/storage/images/PDF/p23062017.pdf|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Atomic Energy Regulatory Board}}</ref> Construction of units 5 and 6 commenced on 29 June 2021. Unit 5 is expected to be ready for commissioning in December 2026, while unit 6 is expected to be ready by September 2027. | ||
}}</ref> Construction of the third and fourth units started on 29 June 2017.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.rosatom.ru/en/press-centre/news/construction-of-kudankulam-npp-2nd-stage-has-commenced/|title=Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM global leader in nuclear technologies nuclear energy|website=www.rosatom.ru}}</ref> AERB granted excavation permit for Unit 5 and 6 in 14 November 2018 and concerete pour begun in 2020.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Singh|first1=Surendra|title=Make in India push: India likely to produce nuclear fuel with | |||
Unit 5 expected to be ready for commissioning in December 2026, while unit 6 is expected to be ready by September 2027. | |||
===Cyber-attack=== | ===Cyber-attack=== | ||
| Line 95: | Line 93: | ||
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721014654/http://www.rosatom.ru/upload/iblock/0be/0be1220af25741375138ecd1afb18743.pdf | | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160721014654/http://www.rosatom.ru/upload/iblock/0be/0be1220af25741375138ecd1afb18743.pdf | ||
| archive-date=21 July 2016| url-status = live | | archive-date=21 July 2016| url-status = live | ||
| access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref> Construction is by NPCIL and [[Atomstroyexport]]. When completed the plant will become the largest nuclear power generation complex in India producing a cumulative 2 GW of electric power.<ref name="companyname">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/10/12/stories/2008101251200100.htm|title=NPCIL to go into details with 4 reactor suppliers}}</ref> Both units are water-cooled, water-moderated power reactors.<ref name="reactypes">{{cite web|url=http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|title=Nuclear Power Plant Type|access-date=28 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320083312/http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|archive-date=20 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=npcil-kun12>{{cite web| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/koodankulam-to-start-production-in-40-days/940736/|title= Koodankulam to start production in 40 days}}</ref><ref name=wnn-kudankulam>{{cite web | | access-date = 21 July 2016}}</ref> Construction is by NPCIL and [[Atomstroyexport]]. When completed the plant will become the largest nuclear power generation complex in India producing a cumulative 2 GW of electric power.<ref name="companyname">{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/10/12/stories/2008101251200100.htm|title=NPCIL to go into details with 4 reactor suppliers}}</ref> Both units are water-cooled, water-moderated power reactors.<ref name="reactypes">{{cite web|url=http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|title=Nuclear Power Plant Type|access-date=28 March 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320083312/http://www.icjt.org/npp/podrobnosti.php?drzava=11&lokacija=628|archive-date=20 March 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=npcil-kun12>{{cite web| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/koodankulam-to-start-production-in-40-days/940736/|title= Koodankulam to start production in 40 days|date= 24 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=wnn-kudankulam>{{cite web | ||
| url = http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp | | url = http://www.npcil.nic.in/kapp.asp | ||
| title = Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1 & 2 and | | title = Kudankulam Atomic Power Project 1 & 2 and | ||
| Line 102: | Line 100: | ||
==Operations== | ==Operations== | ||
The first reactor of the plant attained criticality on 13 July 2013 and was connected to the grid three months later.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-goes-critical/articleshow/21061780.cms |title=Kudankulam nuclear plant goes critical |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2013-07-14 |access-date=2013-07-14}} {{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news/birds-started-nesting-in-area-surrounding-npp-of-kudankulam-5770977289_1.html|title=Birds started nesting in area surrounding NPP of Kudankulam|date=2 September 2013|publisher=India Info Online|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1">[http://www.mumbaimirror.com/news/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-begins-power-generation/articleshow/24524616.cms Kudankulam nuclear plant begins power generation]. Mumbai Mirror (22 October 2013). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref> It started commercial operation from 31 December 2014.<ref>{{cite | The first reactor of the plant attained criticality on 13 July 2013 and was connected to the grid three months later.<ref name="indiatimes1">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-goes-critical/articleshow/21061780.cms |title=Kudankulam nuclear plant goes critical |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2013-07-14 |access-date=2013-07-14}} {{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news/birds-started-nesting-in-area-surrounding-npp-of-kudankulam-5770977289_1.html|title=Birds started nesting in area surrounding NPP of Kudankulam|date=2 September 2013|publisher=India Info Online|access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=":1">[http://www.mumbaimirror.com/news/india/Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-begins-power-generation/articleshow/24524616.cms Kudankulam nuclear plant begins power generation]. Mumbai Mirror (22 October 2013). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.</ref> It started commercial operation from 31 December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/Kudankulam-reactor-attains-full-capacity/article11640228.ece|title=Kudankulam reactor attains full capacity|first=A.|last=Sudhakar|newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 June 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The second unit achieved criticality on 10 July 2016 and was connected to the grid in August.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india.aspx |title=Nuclear Power in India | Indian Nuclear Energy - World Nuclear Association |access-date=2016-09-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160906112259/http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-g-n/india.aspx |archive-date= 6 September 2016 }}</ref> Commercial operation started on 15 October 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20161015/1479295038.html|title=Путин и Моди запустили второй энергоблок АЭС "Куданкулам"|date=15 October 2016|website=РИА Новости}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Second-unit-of-Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-starts-fission/articleshow/53143042.cms |title=Second unit of Kudankulam nuclear plant starts fission |date=10 July 2016 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[Times Internet]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710173710/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Second-unit-of-Kudankulam-nuclear-plant-starts-fission/articleshow/53143042.cms |archive-date=10 July 2016 |url-status=live |access-date=21 July 2016 }}</ref> | ||
The [[Kerala State Electricity Board]] (KSEB) board members have approved signing of a [[power purchase agreement]] (PPA) with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) for sourcing electricity from the Kudankulam nuclear power project (KKNPP). | The [[Kerala State Electricity Board]] (KSEB) board members have approved signing of a [[power purchase agreement]] (PPA) with the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL) for sourcing electricity from the Kudankulam nuclear power project (KKNPP). | ||
| Line 114: | Line 112: | ||
==Opposition== | ==Opposition== | ||
People had been opposing the plant since its proposal in 1979. The proposal however, was halted because of the protests. It was brought back in 2000, and construction started under the government of [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/a-decade-on-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-protesters-say-still-face-ordeal-101654455406226.html | title=A decade on, Kudankulam nuclear plant protesters say still face ordeal | date=6 June 2022 }}</ref> | |||
In 2011, thousands from the vicinity of the plant protested against it, fearing a nuclear disaster, in the wake of the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]<ref name=nzh11>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/article.cfm?c_id=39&objectid=10762102 |title=Indian activists fear nuclear plant accident |author=Rahul Bedi |date=28 October 2011 |work=NZ Herald }}</ref> According to the protesters, evacuation of people in the event of a nuclear disaster would be impossible.<ref name="sathishmls1">{{cite web|url=https://www.transcend.org/tms/2011/08/thirteen-reasons-why-we-do-not-want-the-koodankulam-nuclear-power-project/|title=Thirteen Reasons Why We Do Not Want the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Project|website=TRANSCEND Media Service}}</ref> According to S P Udayakumar, of the [[People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy]], "the nuclear plant is unsafe". However, in 2012, the chief of India's nuclear energy programme, Dr [[Srikumar Banerjee]], called the plant "one of the safest" in the world.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kudankulam-one-of-safest-reactors-lanka-s-fears-unfounded-india-s-nuclear-chief-196617 | title=Kudankulam one of safest reactors, Lanka's fears unfounded: India's nuclear chief | work=NDTV | date=12 April 2012 | access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> In December 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that hundreds of villagers in the region were largely ignorant of the risks and benefits of the plant.<ref name="Hindu Fear ignorance">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/at-kudankulams-core-is-fear-ignorance-and-anger/article4154421.ece | title=At Kudankulam's core is fear, ignorance and anger | date=2 December 2012 | access-date=22 October 2013}}</ref> | In 2011, thousands from the vicinity of the plant protested against it, fearing a nuclear disaster, in the wake of the [[Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster]]<ref name=nzh11>{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/article.cfm?c_id=39&objectid=10762102 |title=Indian activists fear nuclear plant accident |author=Rahul Bedi |date=28 October 2011 |work=NZ Herald }}</ref> According to the protesters, evacuation of people in the event of a nuclear disaster would be impossible.<ref name="sathishmls1">{{cite web|url=https://www.transcend.org/tms/2011/08/thirteen-reasons-why-we-do-not-want-the-koodankulam-nuclear-power-project/|title=Thirteen Reasons Why We Do Not Want the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Project|website=TRANSCEND Media Service}}</ref> According to S P Udayakumar, of the [[People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy]], "the nuclear plant is unsafe". However, in 2012, the chief of India's nuclear energy programme, Dr [[Srikumar Banerjee]], called the plant "one of the safest" in the world.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kudankulam-one-of-safest-reactors-lanka-s-fears-unfounded-india-s-nuclear-chief-196617 | title=Kudankulam one of safest reactors, Lanka's fears unfounded: India's nuclear chief | work=NDTV | date=12 April 2012 | access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref> In December 2012, ''[[The Hindu]]'' reported that hundreds of villagers in the region were largely ignorant of the risks and benefits of the plant.<ref name="Hindu Fear ignorance">{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/at-kudankulams-core-is-fear-ignorance-and-anger/article4154421.ece | title=At Kudankulam's core is fear, ignorance and anger | date=2 December 2012 | access-date=22 October 2013}}</ref> | ||
| Line 123: | Line 122: | ||
There have also been rallies and protests in favour of commissioning this nuclear power plant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2898930.ece |title=Rally seeks power generation at Kudankulam plant|date=16 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2926774.ece |title=Blood donation camp in support of N-plant|date=24 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref> | There have also been rallies and protests in favour of commissioning this nuclear power plant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2898930.ece |title=Rally seeks power generation at Kudankulam plant|date=16 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article2926774.ece |title=Blood donation camp in support of N-plant|date=24 February 2012|work=The Hindu }}</ref> | ||
On, 24 February 2012, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] blamed foreign [[NGO]]s for protests at the power plant. News agencies reported that three NGOs had diverted donations earmarked for religious and social causes to the protests, in violation of foreign exchange regulations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/foreign-ngos-behind-kudankulam-protests-pm/story-eKdHevXTKMXvCpqBpTo5uL.html |title=5 NGOs diverted foreign funds to fuel Kudankulam stir|date=24 February 2012|work=hindustantimes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kudankulam-protests-3-ngos-lose-licence-for-diverting-funds-224821.html|title=Kudankulam protests: 3 NGOs lose licence for diverting funds|website=Firstpost}}</ref> | On, 24 February 2012, Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] blamed foreign [[NGO]]s for protests at the power plant. News agencies reported that three NGOs had diverted donations earmarked for religious and social causes to the protests, in violation of foreign exchange regulations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/foreign-ngos-behind-kudankulam-protests-pm/story-eKdHevXTKMXvCpqBpTo5uL.html |title=5 NGOs diverted foreign funds to fuel Kudankulam stir|date=24 February 2012|work=hindustantimes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/kudankulam-protests-3-ngos-lose-licence-for-diverting-funds-224821.html|title=Kudankulam protests: 3 NGOs lose licence for diverting funds|website=Firstpost|date=25 February 2012 }}</ref> | ||
Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sudipto Mondal|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523002413/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2014|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> | Supporters of the power plant in Idinthakarai village have been targeted by opponents using [[improvised explosive device]]s.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sudipto Mondal|title=Explosions at village near Kudankulam plant: Reports|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523002413/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bombs-go-off-at-village-near-kudankulam-nuclear-plant-reports-/article1-1221664.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 May 2014|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=11 December 2014}}</ref> | ||
The [[Church of South India]] and the [[National Council of Churches]] opposed the power plant and supported the protests against it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/churches-back-kudankulam-stir/article4122068.ece|title=Churches back Kudankulam stir|date=22 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Supporters of the power plant and the government have alleged that the protest against the power plant was instigated by churches and funded by foreign sources. The protestors dismissed the allegation of foreign funding, but said that seeking support from church was "natural" as many protestors were Christian localities living in the vicinity of the Reactor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Biswajit |last2=G. S. Mudur |title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-professor-and-the-politics-in-anti-nuclear-crucible/cid/332630 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref> | The [[Church of South India]] and the [[National Council of Churches]] opposed the power plant and supported the protests against it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/churches-back-kudankulam-stir/article4122068.ece|title=Churches back Kudankulam stir|date=22 November 2012|newspaper=The Hindu}}</ref> Supporters of the power plant and the government have alleged that the protest against the power plant was instigated by churches and funded by foreign sources. The protestors dismissed the allegation of foreign funding, but said that seeking support from church was "natural" as many protestors were Christian localities living in the vicinity of the Reactor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Biswajit |last2=G. S. Mudur |title=The professor and the politics in anti-nuclear crucible |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/the-professor-and-the-politics-in-anti-nuclear-crucible/cid/332630 |work=The Telegraph |date=9 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 156: | Line 154: | ||
| Total || 2,000 MW | | Total || 2,000 MW | ||
|} | |} | ||
As of | As of 1st December 2021, the government is considering to increase its capability to 6000 MW, on completion of KKNPP-3 & 4 (2 X 1000 MW) and KKNPP-5 & 6 (2 X 1000 MW) which are presently under construction. | ||
==Kudankulam Alley== | ==Kudankulam Alley== | ||
| Line 207: | Line 205: | ||
|14 November 2018 | |14 November 2018 | ||
|December 2026 (planned) | |December 2026 (planned) | ||
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news | | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-06-30|title=Construction of Kudankulam nuclear reactors 5 and 6 begins|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/construction-of-kudankulam-nuclear-reactors-5-and-6-begins/article35046691.ece|access-date=2021-06-30|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|KKNPP-6 | |KKNPP-6 | ||
| Line 226: | Line 224: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.npcil.nic.in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd] | *[http://www.npcil.nic.in Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd] | ||
*[http://www.selectourfuture.org/map/ta/ Nuclear Plant | *[http://www.selectourfuture.org/map/ta/ Navigation map of the Nuclear Plant (Tamil language)] | ||
{{Nuclear power in India}} | {{Nuclear power in India}} | ||
| Line 238: | Line 236: | ||
[[Category:Anti-nuclear movement in India]] | [[Category:Anti-nuclear movement in India]] | ||
[[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]] | [[Category:2013 establishments in Tamil Nadu]] | ||
[[Category:Cybercrime in India]] | |||