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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} | ||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Shantiniketan | | name = Shantiniketan | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Shantiniketan''' is a neighbourhood of [[Bolpur]] town in the [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]], approximately 152 km north of [[Kolkata]]. It was established by [[ | '''Shantiniketan''' is a [[neighbourhood]] of [[Bolpur]] town in the [[Bolpur subdivision]] of [[Birbhum district]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]], approximately 152 km north of [[Kolkata]]. It was established by [[Maharshi Devendranath Tagore]], and later expanded by his son, [[Rabindranath Tagore]] whose vision became what is now a university town with the creation of [[Visva-Bharati]].<ref name="Santiniketan">Pearson, WW.: ''Santiniketan Bolpur School of Rabindranath Tagore'', illustrations by [[Mukul Dey]], The Macmillan Company, 1916</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In 1863, [[Debendranath Tagore]] took on permanent lease {{convert|20|acre|m2}} of land, with two {{ | In 1863, [[Debendranath Tagore]] took on permanent lease {{convert|20|acre|m2}} of land, with two {{transliteration|bn|chhatim}} ([[Alstonia scholaris]]) trees, at an annual payment of Rs. 5, from Bhuban Mohan Sinha, the [[talukdar]] of Raipur, Birbhum. He built a guest house there and named it ''Shantiniketan'' (the abode of peace). Gradually, the whole area came to be known as Shantiniketan.<ref name="intro">Basak, Tapan Kumar, ''Rabindranath-Santiniketan-Sriniketan (An Introduction)'', p. 2, B.B.Publication</ref> | ||
[[ | [[File:Upasana Griha - Northern View - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5299.JPG|thumb|left|Upasana Griha, the glass prayer hall Devendranath built]] | ||
Rabindranath Tagore first visited Shantiniketan on 27 January | [[Binoy Ghosh]] says that [[Bolpur]] was a small place in the middle of the 19th century. It grew as Shantiniketan grew. A certain portion of Bolpur was a part of the ''[[zamindari]]'' of the Sinha family of Raipur. Bhuban Mohan Sinha had developed a small village in the Bolpur area and named it Bhubandanga. It was just opposite Shantiniketan of those days. Bhubandanga was the den of a gang of notorious dacoits, who had no compunction in killing people. It led to a situation of conflict and confrontation, but the leader of the gang, ultimately, surrendered to Debendranath, and they started helping him in developing the area. There was a {{transliteration|bn|chhatim}} tree under which Debendranath used to meditate. Inspired by [[The Crystal Palace]] built originally in [[Hyde Park, London]], to house the [[Great Exhibition]] of 1851 and later relocated, Debendranath constructed a 60-foot × 30-foot hall for [[Brahmo Samaj|Brahmo]] prayers. The roof was tiled and the floor had white marble, but the rest of the structure was made of glass. From its earliest days, it was a great attraction for people from all around.<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part I, 1976 edition, pages 299-304, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata</ref> | ||
Rabindranath Tagore first visited Shantiniketan on 27 January 1878 when he was 17 years old. In 1888, Debendranath dedicated the entire property for the establishment of a Brahmavidyalaya through a trust deed. In 1901, Rabindranath started a Brahmacharyaashrama and it came to be known as [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] from 1925.<ref name=binoyghosh/><ref name=history>{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/History.html | title = Visva Bharati| work= History| publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 25 July 2019}}</ref> In 1913, Rabindranath Tagore won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Hjärne |first=H<!--arald-->.|publication-date=10 December 1913|year=1913|title=The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913: Rabindranath Tagore—Award Ceremony Speech|publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/press.html|access-date=25 July 2019<!--|quote=Tagore's ''Gitanjali: Song Offerings'' (1912), a collection of religious poems, was one of his works that especially attracted the attention of the selecting critics.-->}}</ref> It was a new feather in the cap of the [[Tagore family]] which was the leading family contributing to the enrichment of life and society in Bengal in many fields of activity over a long period of time.<ref>Deb, Chitra, ''Jorasanko and the Thakur Family'', Pages 64-65, in ''Calcutta: The Living City'', Volume I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Oxford University Press.</ref> The environment at [[Jorasanko Thakur Bari]], one of the bases of the Tagore family in Kolkata, was filled with literature, music, painting, and theatre.<ref>''Jorasanko and the Thakur Family'' by Chitra Deb in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, page 66</ref> Founded in 1921 by Rabindranath Tagore, [[Visva-Bharati University|Visva Bharati]] was declared to be a [[Central University (India)|central university]] and an institute of national importance, in 1951.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/Visva_Bharati.html | title = Visva Bharati| work= About Visva-Bharati| publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 25 July 2019}}</ref> | |||
==Topography== | ==Topography== | ||
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Shantiniketan is situated at {{coord|23.68|N|87.68|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Shanti_Niketan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Santiniketan]</ref> at an average elevation of 56 metres (187 feet). | Shantiniketan is situated at {{coord|23.68|N|87.68|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Shanti_Niketan.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Santiniketan]</ref> at an average elevation of 56 metres (187 feet). | ||
The area is flanked on two sides by the rivers, the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and the [[Kopai River|Kopai]]. Santiniketan earlier had an extensive forest cover, but substantial soil erosion gave certain areas a barren look, the resulting phenomenon is locally known as ''[[khoai]]''. However, as a result of the consistent efforts by botanists, plants and trees from all over India flourish in parts of the town. Although the overall environment of the surrounding areas | The area is flanked on two sides by the rivers, the [[Ajay River|Ajay]] and the [[Kopai River|Kopai]]. Santiniketan earlier had an extensive forest cover, but substantial soil erosion gave certain areas a barren look, the resulting phenomenon is locally known as ''[[khoai]]''. However, as a result of the consistent efforts by botanists, plants and trees from all over India flourish in parts of the town. Although the overall environment of the surrounding areas has changed with time, the core area of Santiniketan has retained its closeness with nature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Santiniketan |url=http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/Santiniketan.html}}</ref> | ||
<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked | <small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked on the map are linked in the larger full-screen map.</small> | ||
In the 2011 census, Santiniketan | In the 2011 census, Santiniketan was not identified as a separate place. In the map of the Bolpur-Sriniketan CD block on page 718 of [http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1908_PART_A_DCHB_BIRBHUM.pdf District Census Handbook Birbhum (Part A)], the area occupied by Santiniketan is shown as a part of Bolpur municipal area and [[Sriniketan]] is shown as a part of [[Surul]], a [[census town]]. | ||
===Notable places=== | ===Notable places=== | ||
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[[File:Mural - Nandalal Bose - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5547.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Mural by [[Nandalal Bose]]]] | [[File:Mural - Nandalal Bose - Santiniketan 2014-06-29 5547.JPG|200px|thumb|left|Mural by [[Nandalal Bose]]]] | ||
The Ashram Complex is the oldest area of Santiniketan, where Debendranath built the ''Santiniketan Griha'' and the beautiful stained glass prayer hall, in the second half of the 19th century. [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] came up after Rabindranath started residing in Santiniketan. It has beautiful frescoes by Nandalal Bose. ''Natun Bari'' was built in 1902 for residential purposes. ''Kalo Bari'' is a unique structure of mud and coal tar and profusely decorated. There are numerous other houses: ''Dehali'', ''Santoshalaya'', ''Singha Sadan'', ''Dwijaviram'', ''Dinantika'', ''Taladwaj'', ''Chaitya'', ''Ghantatala'', ''Panthasala'', ''Ratan Kuthi'', ''Malancha'' and others – each with an interesting story that makes it historically relevant.<ref name=unesco /> | The Ashram Complex is the oldest area of Santiniketan, where Debendranath built the ''Santiniketan Griha'' and the beautiful stained glass prayer hall, in the second half of the 19th century. [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] came up after Rabindranath started residing in Santiniketan. It has beautiful frescoes by Nandalal Bose. ''Natun Bari'' was built in 1902 for residential purposes. ''Kalo Bari'' is a unique structure of mud and coal tar and is profusely decorated. There are numerous other houses: ''Dehali'', ''Santoshalaya'', ''Singha Sadan'', ''Dwijaviram'', ''Dinantika'', ''Taladwaj'', ''Chaitya'', ''Ghantatala'', ''Panthasala'', ''Ratan Kuthi'', ''Malancha'' and others – each with an interesting story that makes it historically relevant.<ref name=unesco /> | ||
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] with [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1940]] | [[File:Jawaharlal Nehru and Rabindranath Tagore.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] with [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1940]] | ||
Visva Bharati was established as a centre for culture | Visva Bharati was established as a centre for culture to explore the arts, language, humanities, music etc. Specialised institutes came up in different fields: [[Cheena Bhavana]], Hindi Bhavana, [[Kala Bhavana]], [[Sangit Bhavana]], Bhasa Bhavana, Nippon Bhavana, Bangladesh Bhavana and others. Many of these institutes with myriad structures have been decorated by illustrious artists.<ref name=unesco /> | ||
"The landscape of Shantiniketan is dotted with sculptures by Ramkinkar Baij (1906–1980), larger-than-life figures of Santals who were in reality part of the landscape. A Santal family, complete with dog, a group of workers running along at the call of the mill, their clothes flying in the air, a thresher, all situated along the main road. When Ramkinkar created Sujata, an elongated figure of one of the disciples of Buddha, he placed it just a little distance from the seated Buddha. Nandalal planted Eucalyptus saplings in the area, knowing that one day these tall trees would be a perfect setting | "The landscape of Shantiniketan is dotted with sculptures by Ramkinkar Baij (1906–1980), larger-than-life figures of Santals who were in reality part of the landscape. A Santal family, complete with a dog, a group of workers running along at the call of the mill, their clothes flying in the air, and a thresher, all situated along the main road. When Ramkinkar created Sujata, an elongated figure of one of the disciples of Buddha, he placed it just a little distance from the seated Buddha. Nandalal planted Eucalyptus saplings in the area, knowing that one day these tall trees would be a perfect setting for Ramkinkar's Sujata. It was Nandalal Bose, who created an environment where art would be a part of life and the children of Santiniketan have grown absorbing these beautiful monuments as they have the oxygen in the air."<ref name=unesco /> | ||
==The Tagore family at Shantiniketan== | ==The Tagore family at Shantiniketan== | ||
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[[Pratima Devi (painter)|Pratima Devi]], Rathindranath's wife, had active links with Visva Bharati from a very young age. She lived in Santinketan till her death in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/PratimaDevi.html|title=Pratima Devi (1893-1969)|publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | [[Pratima Devi (painter)|Pratima Devi]], Rathindranath's wife, had active links with Visva Bharati from a very young age. She lived in Santinketan till her death in 1969.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/PratimaDevi.html|title=Pratima Devi (1893-1969)|publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | ||
Mira Devi, Rabindranath's youngest daughter, after her failed marriage, lived in ''Malancha'' built for her in the Ashrama complex in 1926. She died at Santiniketan in 1969. [[Krishna Kripalani]], husband of Nandita (Buri), daughter of Mira Devi, taught at Santiniketan for nearly 15 years, beginning 1933. Krishna Kripalani's biography of Tagore was amongst the best | Mira Devi, Rabindranath's youngest daughter, after her failed marriage, lived in ''Malancha'' built for her in the Ashrama complex in 1926. She died at Santiniketan in 1969. [[Krishna Kripalani]], husband of Nandita (Buri), daughter of Mira Devi, taught at Santiniketan for nearly 15 years, beginning in 1933. Krishna Kripalani's biography of Tagore was amongst the best written.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://sesquicentinnial.blogspot.com/2013/03/marriage-of-nandita-daughter-of-mira.html| title = Marriage of Nandita (daughter of Mira), granddaughter of Rabindranath | publisher = Smarak Grantha |access-date = 5 August 2019}}</ref><ref name=unesco/> | ||
[[Dwijendranath Tagore]], Rabindranath's eldest brother, spent the last twenty years of his life at Santiniketan.<ref name="Dutta">Dutta, Hirendranath, ''Santiniketaner Ek Jug'', {{in lang|bn}}, pp27-32, Viswa Bharati Granthan Vighag, {{ISBN|81-7522-329-4}}.</ref> He lived in ''Dwaijaviram'' in the Ashrama complex.<ref name=unesco/> | [[Dwijendranath Tagore]], Rabindranath's eldest brother, spent the last twenty years of his life at Santiniketan.<ref name="Dutta">Dutta, Hirendranath, ''Santiniketaner Ek Jug'', {{in lang|bn}}, pp27-32, Viswa Bharati Granthan Vighag, {{ISBN|81-7522-329-4}}.</ref> He lived in ''Dwaijaviram'' in the Ashrama complex.<ref name=unesco/> | ||
[[Dinendranath Tagore]], Dwijendranath's grandson, was principal of Sangit Bhavana in its earliest years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/DinendranathTagore.html| title = Dinendranath Tagore | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 3 August 2019}}</ref> ''Dinantika'', built in 1939, housed the ''Cha chakra'', where staff members of Visva Bharati met over a cup of tea for meetings and relaxation.<ref name=unesco/> | [[Dinendranath Tagore]], Dwijendranath's grandson, was the principal of Sangit Bhavana in its earliest years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/DinendranathTagore.html| title = Dinendranath Tagore | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 3 August 2019}}</ref> ''Dinantika'', built in 1939, housed the ''Cha chakra'', where staff members of Visva Bharati met over a cup of tea for meetings and relaxation.<ref name=unesco/> | ||
[[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]], daughter of [[Satyendranath Tagore]], started living in Santiniketan in 1941 and took charge of Sangit Bhavana. She was acting vice-chancellor for a short period.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/IndiradeviChaudhurani.html|title= Indiradevi Choudhrani |publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | [[Indira Devi Chaudhurani]], daughter of [[Satyendranath Tagore]], started living in Santiniketan in 1941 and took charge of Sangit Bhavana. She was acting vice-chancellor for a short period.<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/IndiradeviChaudhurani.html|title= Indiradevi Choudhrani |publisher=Visva-Bharati|access-date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | ||
Supriyo Tagore, great grandson of Satyendranath, was a student of Patha Bhavana and Visva Bharati University before going abroad to complete his education. He retired as the longest serving principal of Patha Bhavana. He now runs Sisu Tirtha, an institution for orphans mainly from | Supriyo Tagore, great-grandson of Satyendranath, was a student of Patha Bhavana and Visva Bharati University before going abroad to complete his education. He retired as the longest-serving principal of Patha Bhavana. He now runs Sisu Tirtha, an institution for orphans mainly from economically disadvantaged tribals, near Santiniketan. His son, Sudripta, with wide-ranging experience in the field of education, is also engaged in setting up a school, at Ruppur near Santiniketan, embodying the ideas of Rabindranath.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Being-Rabindranath-Tagore/articleshow/20377102.cms| title = Being Rabindranath Tagore|first= Jhimli|last= Mukherjee Pandey| publisher = The Times of India, 1 June 203 |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/at-home-with-tagore/232686| title = At Home With Tagore | publisher = Outlook, 2 October 2006 |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/another-tagore-legacy/articleshow/64241439.cms | title = Another Tagore Legacy | publisher = Pune Mirror, 20 May 2018 |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Photo gallery== | ==Photo gallery== | ||
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==Climate== | ==Climate== | ||
The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 10-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season). Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded | The climate of Shantiniketan is moderately warm, with summer temperatures at around 35-42 °C (maximum) and winter at 10-15 °C (minimum). Summer is felt for three months, March, April and May. December, January and February are the winter months. June, July, August and September see heavy rainfall, these four months are known as monsoon (rainy season). Shantiniketan saw its highest temperature rising 47.0 °C, on 10 June 1966. The lowest temperature ever recorded was 4.9 °C, on 9 January 2013. The annual average temperature is 26.2 °C. About 1480mm of rain falls per year, with 76 days the rain. | ||
The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]]. | The area is classified as an "[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]" (tropical savanna climate) under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]]. | ||
{{Shantiniketan weatherbox}} | {{Shantiniketan weatherbox}} | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
[[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] is well connected with [[Sealdah Railway Station]], [[Howrah Station]], [[Kolkata Railway Station]], [[Malda Town]], [[New Jalpaiguri]] etc of [[West Bengal]] & [[Guwahati Railway Station]] of [[Assam]]. | [[Bolpur Shantiniketan railway station]] is well connected with [[Sealdah Railway Station]], [[Howrah Station]], [[Kolkata Railway Station]], [[Malda Town]], [[New Jalpaiguri]] etc. of [[West Bengal]] & [[Guwahati Railway Station]] of [[Assam]]. | ||
There is direct AC Volvo bus service of WBTC from [[Kolkata]] to Bolpur Shantiniketan (Kolkata-Bolpur-Suri & Suri-Bolpur-Kolkata). | There is a direct AC Volvo bus service of WBTC from [[Kolkata]] to Bolpur Shantiniketan (Kolkata-Bolpur-Suri & Suri-Bolpur-Kolkata). | ||
Bus and private cars are available from [[Kolkata]] (outstation cab service of [[Ola Cabs]], [[Uber]] from Kolkata), Durgapur City Centre Bus Stop, Katwa, Berhampore and soon from [[Santragachi Railway Station]] in [[Howrah]]. | Bus and private cars are available from [[Kolkata]] (outstation cab service of [[Ola Cabs]], [[Uber]] from Kolkata), Durgapur City Centre Bus Stop, Katwa, Berhampore and soon from [[Santragachi Railway Station]] in [[Howrah]]. | ||
==About visva Bharati== | ==About visva Bharati== | ||
Shantiniketan is a university town with varied educational facilities. At the school level are [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] and [[Siksha Satra]]. Apart from | Shantiniketan is a university town with varied educational facilities. At the school level are [[Patha Bhavana, Santiniketan|Patha Bhavana]] and [[Siksha Satra]]. Apart from several courses in humanities, science and education, [[Visva-Bharati]] offers a range of music, dance and art courses and emphasizes language courses. Sangit Bhavana offers courses in Rabindra Sangit, Hindustani classical vocal, sitar, esraj, tabla, pakhawaj, Kathakali dance and Manipuri dance. [[Kala Bhavana]] offers courses in painting, mural, sculpture, graphic art, design (textiles/ ceramics) and history of art. The university offers specialised 4-year courses in Persian, Tibetan, Chinese and Japanese. Bhasa Bhavana offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Arabic & Persian, Bengali, Chinese, Hindi, Indo-Tibetan, Japanese, Odia, Santali and Sanskrit. Vidya Bhavana offers 1-year courses in Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Marathi, Odia, Pali, Persian, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali, Tamil, Tibetan and Urdu. It also offers 2-year courses in Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, French, German, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Marathi, Odia, Pali, Persian, Russian, Sanskrit, Santali, Tamil, Tibetan and Urdu. There are certificate courses in leather craft, bookbinding & hand-made packaging, batik work and hand-made paper making. Shantiniketan offers courses in the field of agriculture and rural development. Only a selective list is presented here to give an idea of the range of courses offered.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/BachelorDegree.html | title = Visva Bharat|work=Bachelor Degree | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.visvabharati.ac.in/PostgraduateSyllabus.html | title = Visva Bharat|work= Syllabus for Post Graduate courses | publisher = Visva Bharati |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
The town is known for its literary and artistic heritage, with the notable figures being [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Nandalal Bose]]. In addition, the [[Visva Bharati]] also serves as Shantiniketan's cultural | The town is known for its literary and artistic heritage, with the notable figures being [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and [[Nandalal Bose]]. In addition, the [[Visva Bharati]] also serves as Shantiniketan's cultural centre.<ref name=unesco/> | ||
==Poush Mela== | ==Poush Mela== | ||
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==Festivals at Shantiniketan== | ==Festivals at Shantiniketan== | ||
In Shantiniketan, seasonal changes bring their own | In Shantiniketan, seasonal changes bring their own colours and beauties with various festivals. The emphasis in organising these festivals is on traditional Indian forms and rituals. Numerous festivals range from ''Basanta Utsav'' and ''Barsha Mangal'' to ''Maghotsav'' and ''Rabindra Jayanti''.<ref name="festival">{{cite web | url = http://www.bolpur-santiniketan.com/| title = Welcome to Bolpur Santiniketan| publisher = Bolpur-Santiketan.com |access-date = 26 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
[[Holi]], the festival of colours, is celebrated in its | [[Holi]], the festival of colours, is celebrated in its style at Santiniketan – it is called ''Basanta Utsav'' and welcomes the arrival of spring. The programme starts in the morning with singing and dancing to Tagore's tunes by the students and ends with spreading coloured powders (called ‘[[Gulal|abir]]’) and expression of festive wishes. After the formal Visva Bharati programme, other programmes follow. ''Barsha Mangal'' is celebrated with cultural programmes in July–August. ''Ananda Bazar'' is a fair for handicrafts by the students, held on Mahalaya day. Before leaving for the puja vacations students celebrate ''Sharad Utsav''. ''Nandan Mela'' marks Nandalal Bose's birth anniversary (on 1–2 December) and is a special attraction for art lovers. ''Briksharopan'' and ''Halkarshan'' emphasise man's closeness to nature and are held on 22-23 [[Shraavana]] (August). ''[[Maghotsab of Brahma Samaj|Maghotsab]]'', celebrating the founding of the Brahmo Samaj, is held on 11 [[Magh (Bengali calendar)|Magh]] (towards the end of January). Various anniversaries and cultural programmes are organised throughout the year. 25 [[Baisakh]] (7-8 May) is the birthday of Rabindranath Tagore but his birth anniversary is celebrated along with and subsequent to the [[Pahela Baishakh|Bengali New Year]] (mid-April onwards).<ref name=festival/> | ||
==Sinha Sadan== | ==Sinha Sadan== | ||
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== Sonajhuri haat == | == Sonajhuri haat == | ||
Every Saturday and Sunday, one can visit the ''haat'' (or market) at Sonajhuri, close to Shantiniketan. This is a village market and one can buy local handicrafts and listen to folk music sung by tribal groups . Sonajhuri haat is a great place to see and collect wooden crafts, [[terracotta]] crafts, raw metal ornaments, [[dhokra]] art and | Every Saturday and Sunday, one can visit the ''haat'' (or market) at Sonajhuri, close to Shantiniketan. This is a village market and one can buy local handicrafts and listen to folk music sung by tribal groups. Sonajhuri haat is a great place to see and collect wooden crafts, [[terracotta]] crafts, raw metal ornaments, [[dhokra]] art and locally made clothes. It is an excellent place to experience the local culture of Shantiniketan. {{citation needed|date=September 2019}} | ||
==Around Santiniketan picture gallery== | ==Around Santiniketan picture gallery== | ||
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==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* [[UNESCO]]: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5495 Santiniketan] (on the Tentative List since 2010) | * [[UNESCO]]: [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5495 Santiniketan] (on the Tentative List since 2010) | ||
*[https://santiniketantravelguide.com/what-to-see-in-santiniketan/ Places to visit in Santiniketan 2019] | *[https://santiniketantravelguide.com/what-to-see-in-santiniketan/ Places to visit in Santiniketan 2019] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428212144/https://santiniketantravelguide.com/what-to-see-in-santiniketan/ |date=28 April 2019 }} | ||
{{ | |||
{{Bengal Renaissance}} | {{Bengal Renaissance}} | ||
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]] | [[Category:Cities and towns in Birbhum district]] | ||
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Birbhum district]] | [[Category:Tourist attractions in Birbhum district]] | ||
[[Category:World Heritage | [[Category:World Heritage Sites in India]] | ||