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'''Cherayi Panicker''' was the army [[Commander-in-chief]] of the | '''Cherayi Panicker''' was the army [[Commander-in-chief]] of the [[Zamorin |Zamorin dynasty]]. They belong to the [[Thiyyar]] caste, That was a status or title given by the [[Zamorin]] to selected families in the [[Malappuram]] district and the adjoining [[Thrissur district]]. Today descendants of two branches reside in present day [[Ponnani]] taluk and [[Chavakkad]] area of Malappuram district. In the past, the Panikanmars were the main soldiers of the Zamorin king.<ref>R.Ranganatha Puja,(1948) Vol.1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=yLg1h6j5HcQC&q=cherayi+panikar Legacy: The world's heritage''"] Basel mission book depot, page. 183</ref> Cherai [[Kalari]] was very popular at that time [[Kalaripayattu|i]] still exists.<ref>{{cite book|last=Edgar Thurston|year=1906|title=Caste and Tribes Southern India|publisher=Regachari Google books}}</ref> | ||
== | ==Against 1766 Hyder Ali== | ||
According to M.S.A.Rao "The Thiyyar formed part of the army of the [[Zamorin of Calicut]], which fought against [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]]. The Zamorin bestowed upon the head of the Thiyyar family in the North Malabar, the title of cherayi panikkar (proficient in arm)".<ref name="fff">{{cite book|last=M.S.A.Rao|year=1987|title=social movements and social transformation a study of two back word|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ&q=cherayi+panicker|publisher= manohar publication.|page=24|isbn=9780836421330}}</ref> The Cherayi Panickars in Ponnani taluk were reputed for their proven mastery over the war science and their excellence in the tactics of swordsmanship. They were given privileges at par with the nobles and lords by the Zamootiri.<ref>{{cite book|last=S.N.Sadasivan|year=2000|title=A Social History of India|publisher=APH Publishing, Google books|pages=352–353|isbn=9788176481700}}</ref> | According to M.S.A.Rao "it was in 1732, at the invitation of the chief of Palakkad, that Mysore forces marched to Kerala for the first time. They appeared again in 1735, and in 1737 they raided the Zamorin's frontier outposts. In 1745, the Mysore forces fought three battles with the Calicut warriors. In 1756 they invaded Calicut for the fifth time. The chief of Palakkad had placed himself under the protection of the King of Mysore, agreeing to pay an annual tribute of 12,000 fanams. The Faujdar of Dindigul, Hyder Ali, sent Mukhdam Sahib, with 2000 cavalry, 5,000 infantry, and 5 guns to Kerala. The Zamorin tried to buy off the enemy by promising (Treaty, 1756) to refrain from molesting Palakkad and pay 12 lakh rupees for the expenses of the expedition. However the Zamorin was unable pay anything to Hyder Ali.[5] In 1766, 12,000 Mysore forces under Hyder Ali marched to Malabar from Mangalore. Mysore's intentions were made easy by the help they received from the Muslims in Malabar. Ali Raja of Kannur, a Muslim ruler in northern Kerala, also helped the invading forces. The Thiyyar formed part of the army of the [[Zamorin of Calicut]], which fought against [[Hyder Ali]] and [[Tipu Sultan]]. The Zamorin bestowed upon the head of the Thiyyar family in the North Malabar, the title of cherayi panikkar (proficient in arm)".<ref name="fff">{{cite book|last=M.S.A.Rao|year=1987|title=social movements and social transformation a study of two back word|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWEiAQAAMAAJ&q=cherayi+panicker|publisher= manohar publication.|page=24|isbn=9780836421330}}</ref> The Cherayi Panickars in Ponnani taluk were reputed for their proven mastery over the war science and their excellence in the tactics of swordsmanship. They were given privileges at par with the nobles and lords by the Zamootiri.<ref>{{cite book|last=S.N.Sadasivan|year=2000|title=A Social History of India|publisher=APH Publishing, Google books|pages=352–353|isbn=9788176481700}}</ref> | ||
==History== | |||
The position of Cherai Panikkar is a name given by Samuthiri. A very famous Kalari temple in South Malabar belongs to the Cherai Panikkans. The size of Cherai Kalari is forty feet. After studying in the country, Thacholi Othenan studied at Kalari for two years.<ref name="gjsk">{{cite book|last=K.S. Sasindhar|year=1987|title=Vanneri Nadu, Cherayi Kalari|publisher=K.M Raheem|pages=147–148}}</ref> Othenan came here to learn the technique of vagal or 'pak', which involves training in a large well dug to a specific extent in layers, and some other rare techniques. From this it can be understood that the fame of Cherai Kalari reached North Malabar years ago (this is the ancestral home of the Cherai Kalari of Malabar in the 13th century Northern songs).<ref name="gjsk"/> | |||
This tharavaat has the Kalarithara and the Kavu, which houses the Karimani Nagam, who has accumulated centuries of experience.<ref name="gjsk"/> The father and gurus who founded Kalari in the early days, the idol of "Gurukalachha" and Lord Ganesha with Lakshmi, Shiva deity are still preserved there. Valachan Sword and Muchan Way are still preserved here. Two brothers of the original family had a disagreement about the Angam and one brother divided the Cherai land into two and established another Kalari.<ref name="gjsk"/> Crossing the Purappadan bridge, a temple and a kalari were erected near the Kanoli Canal on the west, which later became known as the Cherai Padinjakara kalari. The Panikans who were the origin of the family were known as Cherai Kishkekara Kalari.<ref name="gjsk"/> | |||
There are special ponds here for warriors going to wars and Mamangam to take ritual bath and fast. The Moolasthana temple with four knots has been preserved without much change even today.<ref name="gjsk"/> The Samuthiri had authorized them to march and conduct kalari from Chetua in Ponnani taluk to Changaramkulam Narani river on the Arabian Sea.<ref name="gjsk"/> Two generations ago Kunjunnipanikars and Unni Panikars were the last Kalari Asanas. Realizing that they would have to lay down their arms during the Malabar Rebellion, when the British banned Kalari, proud clansmen buried their weapons in a nearby well, along with valuables and other palm fronds, to escape humiliation.<ref name="gjsk"/> | |||
Legend has it that many places, lands and power were acquired by the Cherais because they had sent a group of soldiers to the Samoothiri in Mamangam. These clans had special authority with the Kodungallur temple.<ref name="gjsk"/> History has it that the altar on the north side of the Kodungallur Temple belonged to the Cherai Panikkars. The Mukkuvas, who are fishermen in the Arabian Sea, used to keep a share of the catch in their family till the next generation. Food and rice will be given in return.<ref name="gjsk"/> | |||
==[[Mamankam festival|Mamangam]]== | |||
Kander Menon's songs describe the heroic history of Kandar Menon of Vatonneveet and his son Ithappu, who went to Tirunnavaya and fought against the soldiers of the Samothiri at Mamangam in the year 1683 of year. [[Putumanna Kandaru Menon]] and Ithappu who reached the stage on the day of Mamanka and reached the stage by bravely fighting many of the Zamorin army and reached the stage. Unniraman, a soldier of the Samuthir in Madappuram, who saw him approaching the Samuthir, killed Ithapu with a sword.<ref name="nh"/><ref name="gg">{{cite book|last=P.E. Menon|year=1988|title=Innalathe Gandhyakaranmar|publisher=Sahityapravarthaka Sahakarana Sangham|page=303}}</ref> Immediately Kander Menon jumped into the crowd and Nambioli, who was standing in front of Cherai Panicker (Chettuvayi), cut down the doctors and collided with Cherai Panicker, a scholar. Cherai Panicker, who has been pitied many times, had a tough fight with Menon. Before Kander Menon, all the efforts of the builders failed and his hand began to grow weak and limp. That's when Panicker made a fake. It slashed at Menon's thigh, causing Kander Menon to fall to his knees on the floor. Menon, who was about to fall and die, looked at Panicker's Nabi and kicked him before dying.<ref name="nh">{{cite book|last=M.G.S.Narayanan|year=2006|title=Calicut The City of Truth Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhNuAAAAMAAJ&q=kandar+menon+panikkar|publisher=University of Calicut-michael university|pages=163–166|isbn=9788177481044}}</ref><ref>Adoor K.K.Ramachandran Nair (1973) Kerala Charithrathile chila Vismruthiyayana.University of California, p.74-83</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138940 | jstor=44138940 | title=Caver—The Suicide Squad of Valluvanad | last1=Pallath | first1=Jayarani | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | year=1976 | volume=37 | pages=233–239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Panikkassery Velayudhan|year=1980|title=Keralacaritrapathanannal:articles, chiefly on the history of Kerala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYsJAQAAIAAJ&q=%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D|publisher=Kottayam Vidharanam Book stall|page=206}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||