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{{Short description|Term for socially or educationally disadvantaged | {{Short description|Term for socially or educationally disadvantaged group of people in India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}} | ||
'''Other Backward Class''' is a collective term used by the [[Government of India]] to classify [[caste]]s which are educationally or socially | |||
The '''Other Backward Class''' is a collective term used by the [[Government of India]] to classify [[caste]]s which are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with [[Forward caste|General castes]], [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the [[Mandal Commission]] report of 1980, and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] took place.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBCs-form-41-of-population-Survey/articleshow/2328117.cms|title=OBCs form 41% of population: Survey |website=The Times of India|date=September 2007 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/india/27792478_1_obc-count-obc-numbers-nsso | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020047/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/india/27792478_1_obc-count-obc-numbers-nsso | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-12-03 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=OBc count: 52 or 41%?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/nov/01quota.htm|title=OBCs make up 41% of population: Survey|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070526112503/http://in.news.yahoo.com/060524/43/64i2a.html What is India's population of other backward classes?],''Yahoo News''.</ref> | |||
In the [[Indian Constitution]], OBCs are described as '''socially and educationally backward classes''' (SEBC), and the Government of India is enjoined to ensure their social and educational development — for example, the OBCs are entitled to 27% reservations in [[public sector]] employment and higher education. The list of OBCs maintained by the Indian [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]] is dynamic, with castes and communities being added or removed depending on social, educational and economic factors. In a reply to a question in [[Lok Sabha]], Union Minister [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]] informed that as in January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government services is 21.57% and has shown an increasing trend since September, 1993.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|author=Baral, Maitree|date=17 July 2019|url=https://www.ndtv.com/jobs/representation-of-reserved-categories-in-government-services-2071143|title=Representation of reserved categories in central govt jobs}}</ref> Likewise, in 2015, at educational institutions, funds meant for OBC students under the reservation policy were not used properly or were underused in cases of upgrading infrastructure as well as in violation of faculty recruitment of OBCs according to the 49% reservation policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/funds-not-used-fully-in-educational-institutions-for-obc-reservation/articleshow/50300703.cms?from=mdr|title=Funds not used fully in educational institutions for OBC reservation|date=23 December 2015|access-date=4 March 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> | In the [[Indian Constitution]], OBCs are described as '''socially and educationally backward classes''' (SEBC), and the Government of India is enjoined to ensure their social and educational development — for example, the OBCs are entitled to 27% reservations in [[public sector]] employment and higher education. The list of OBCs maintained by the Indian [[Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment]] is dynamic, with castes and communities being added or removed depending on social, educational and economic factors. In a reply to a question in [[Lok Sabha]], Union Minister [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]] informed that as in January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government services is 21.57% and has shown an increasing trend since September, 1993.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|author=Baral, Maitree|date=17 July 2019|url=https://www.ndtv.com/jobs/representation-of-reserved-categories-in-government-services-2071143|title=Representation of reserved categories in central govt jobs}}</ref> Likewise, in 2015, at educational institutions, funds meant for OBC students under the reservation policy were not used properly or were underused in cases of upgrading infrastructure as well as in violation of faculty recruitment of OBCs according to the 49% reservation policy.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/funds-not-used-fully-in-educational-institutions-for-obc-reservation/articleshow/50300703.cms?from=mdr|title=Funds not used fully in educational institutions for OBC reservation|date=23 December 2015|access-date=4 March 2019|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> | ||
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==Government obligation== | ==Government obligation== | ||
Under Article 340 of the Indian Constitution, it is obligatory for the government to promote the welfare of the OBCs. | Under Article 340 of the Indian Constitution, it is obligatory for the government to promote the welfare of the OBCs. | ||
{{ | {{blockquote|The president may by order appoint a commission consisting of such persons as he thinks fit to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC) within the territory of India and the difficulties under which they labour and to make recommendations as to the steps that should be taken by the union or any state to remove such difficulties and as to improve their condition and as to the grants that should be made, and the order appointing such commission shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission. ... A commission so appointed shall investigate the matters referred to them and present to the president a report setting out the facts as found by them and making such recommendation as they think proper.|Article 340 of the Indian Constitution}} | ||
A 1992 decision of the Supreme Court of India resulted in a requirement that 27% of civil service positions be reserved for members of OBCs.<ref name="12011/68/93"/> In a reply to a question in [[Lok Sabha]], Union Minister [[Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)|Jitendra Singh]] informed that as in January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government jobs is 21.57%.<ref name="auto1"/> | |||
==Socio-economic status== | |||
There existed huge disparity among various castes and communities classified as Other Backward Class, even prior to the implementation of the reservation policy in government jobs and educational institutions, as per the recommendation of Mandal Commission report. While, a major section of Other Backward Castes was extremely backward, there existed a section, which owned considerable land and employed [[Scheduled Castes]] (SC) as agricultural labourers. In the agitation for implementation of the report of Mandal Commission, Scheduled Castes supported the Other Backward Castes, but after the implementation of these recommendations on the direction of [[Supreme Court of India]], the tension between a section of OBCs and SCs increased.<ref name=TF>{{cite book|title=Dalits, Subalternity and Social Change in India|year=2018|editor1 = Ajit K. Pandey|editor2=Ashok K. Pankaj|place=United Kingdom|publisher=Taylor & Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dHd0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT21 |pages=21–23|isbn=9780429785184 }}</ref> | |||
In some states of North India, the [[Yadav]]s, [[Kurmi]]s and the [[Koeri]]s, which were called "upper-OBC", were well off, due to ownership of sizeable amount of land.<ref name=TF/> The abolition of [[Zamindari system]] in post independence India raised many of the members of these communities to the status of landlords.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3tqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT185 |first=Zarhani|last=Seyed Hossein|title=Governance and Development in India A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar After Liberalization|place=United Kingdom|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2018|isbn=9781351255189 }}</ref> Following the [[Green Revolution in India]], their landholdings and economic prosperity increased further; they acquired education and became an active participants in the government jobs. Further, after the [[Mandal Commission protests of 1990|Mandal agitation]] subsided in North India, OBC leaders gained political power to outnumber the upper caste legislators in most of the north indian states. This led to formation of OBC led government in many states of North India. They also ended up by claiming the high ritual status, which is defined as ''[[Sanskritisation]]''.<ref name=TF/> | |||
However, the OBC consolidation in some of the states of north India like [[Bihar]], left many other OBC communities away from the development process. The political and economic prosperity was cornered by the dominant Backward Castes like [[Koeri]], [[Kurmi]] and [[Yadav]]; this was witnessed in formation of political blocs in the state after 1995, in which, either side was dominated by these three castes.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IVxODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT66|last=Kumar|first=S.|year=2018|title=Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns|place=India|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9789352805860 }}</ref> | |||
Within this section of OBCs called upper-OBC, there also exists disparity in educational attainment and political mobilisation. While the Yadavs were biggest beneficiary in political achievements, their political progress didn't improve their position in caste hierarchy and spread of education among them also remained less as compared to more educationally advanced communities like [[Kurmi|Awadhia Kurmi]], [[Koeri]] and [[Bania (caste)|Bania]]. Since the Yadavs were associated with cattle herding in contrast to other upper-OBCs, who were owner cultivator, trespassing into field of landlords and regular struggle with latter was a challenge for their survival.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Tilak D.|last=Gupta.|title= "Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics."|journal=Economic and Political Weekly| volume= 27|issue= 26|year=1992|pages=1304–06|jstor=4398537}}</ref> | |||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
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Below is the distribution of population of each religion by caste categories, obtained from merged sample of Schedule 1 and Schedule 10 of available data from the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 55th (1999–2000) and [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sachar |first=Rajindar |title=Sachar Committee Report(2004-2005) |publisher=Government of India |year=2006 |url=http://www.biharanjuman.org/sachar_committee_report.pdf |access-date=2008-09-27 }}</ref> | Below is the distribution of population of each religion by caste categories, obtained from merged sample of Schedule 1 and Schedule 10 of available data from the [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 55th (1999–2000) and [[National Sample Survey Organisation]] 61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sachar |first=Rajindar |title=Sachar Committee Report(2004-2005) |publisher=Government of India |year=2006 |url=http://www.biharanjuman.org/sachar_committee_report.pdf |access-date=2008-09-27 }}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width:45%; text-align:center;" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px | {| class="wikitable sortable" width:45%; text-align:center;" style="float:right; margin-left: 10px" | ||
|- style="background: #E9E9E9" | |- style="background: #E9E9E9" | ||
|+ Distribution of Population of each religion by caste categories | |+ Distribution of Population of each religion by caste categories | ||
! Religion/Caste !! [[Scheduled Caste|SC]]s !! [[ | ! Religion/Caste !! [[Scheduled Caste|SC]]s !! [[Scheduled Tribes|ST]]s !! OBCs !! [[Forward caste|General/Others]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Hinduism]] || 22.2% || 5% || 40.8% || 28% | | [[Hinduism]] || 22.2% || 5% || 40.8% || 28% | ||
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# Bringing order to the Central list of OBCs by removing any repetitions. | # Bringing order to the Central list of OBCs by removing any repetitions. | ||
The committee will have to deliver the report in 12 weeks of its constitution.<ref>{{Cite | The committee will have to deliver the report in 12 weeks of its constitution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/panel-to-split-obcs-into-sub-categories/articleshow/60200439.cms|title=Panel to split OBCs into sub-categories |website=The Times of India|date=24 August 2017 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> The lower OBCs form around 35% of the population in Uttar Pradesh. OBC sub-categorisation have already been implemented at State level by 11 states : West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Bihar, Jammu and kashmir region and Haryana, and the union territory of Puducherry.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/obc-sub-categorisation-an-idea-that-bloomed-for-bjp-in-up/article19545617.ece|title=OBC sub-categorisation: An idea that bloomed for BJP in U.P.|first=Nistula|last=Hebbar|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 August 2017|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The term of the commission has been extended to 31 May 2019. Its report stated that prime beneficiaries of 97% OBC reservation includes Yadav, Kurmi, Jat (Jats of Rajasthan except those of Bharatpur and Dholpur district are in Central OBC list), Saini, Thevar, Ezhava and Vokkaliga castes.<ref name="sarakariacommision">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jobs-admissions-97-of-central-obc-quota-benefits-go-to-just-under-25-of-its-castes-5482443/|title=Jobs, admissions: 97% of Central OBC quota benefits go to just under 25% of its castes|date=7 December 2018|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Legal disputes== | ==Legal disputes== | ||
===Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India=== | ===Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India=== | ||
The term [[creamy layer]] was first coined by Justice Krishna Iyer in 1975 in State of Kerala vs NM Thomas case, wherein he observed that "the danger of 'reservation', it seems to me, is three-fold. Its benefits, by and large, are snatched away by the top creamy layer of the 'backward' caste or class, thus keeping the weakest among the weak always weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |title=Supreme Court of India Order |website=The Judgement Information System |access-date=27 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054031/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anish |last2=Giri |first2=Aaleya |date=12 September 2015 |title=Scourge of Reservation: The Invisible Creamy Layer |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |url-status=live |newspaper=The Pioneer |type=Op-ed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914234705/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |archive-date=2015-09-14}}</ref> 1992 [[Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India]] judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 per cent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-Judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-order-reserved/|title=Explained: Order reserved|date=23 March 2015|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/building-a-just-society/|title=For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector|date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Plea-to-reconsider-judgment-in-Indra-Sawhney-case-of-1992/article14821432.ece|title=Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 August 2007|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other group like SC or ST. The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008 and Rs 600,000 in 2013.<ref>{{Cite | The term [[creamy layer]] was first coined by Justice Krishna Iyer in 1975 in State of Kerala vs NM Thomas case, wherein he observed that "the danger of 'reservation', it seems to me, is three-fold. Its benefits, by and large, are snatched away by the top creamy layer of the 'backward' caste or class, thus keeping the weakest among the weak always weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |title=Supreme Court of India Order |website=The Judgement Information System |access-date=27 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054031/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/qrydisp.asp?tfnm=5862 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Anish |last2=Giri |first2=Aaleya |date=12 September 2015 |title=Scourge of Reservation: The Invisible Creamy Layer |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |url-status=live |newspaper=The Pioneer |type=Op-ed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914234705/http://www.dailypioneer.com/columnists/oped/scourge-of-reservation-the-invisible-creamy-layer.html |archive-date=2015-09-14}}</ref> 1992 [[Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India]] judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 per cent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-Judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as "creamy layer".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-order-reserved/|title=Explained: Order reserved|date=23 March 2015|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/building-a-just-society/|title=For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector|date=23 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Plea-to-reconsider-judgment-in-Indra-Sawhney-case-of-1992/article14821432.ece|title=Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992|newspaper=The Hindu|date=23 August 2007|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other group like SC or ST. The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008 and Rs 600,000 in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raise-creamy-layer-to-Rs-10-5-lakh-OBC-panel/articleshow/47155884.cms|title=Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel |website=The Times of India|date=5 May 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> In October 2015, [[National Commission for Backward Classes]] proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to Rs 1.5 million should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBC-panel-backs-off-wont-make-creamy-layer-reservation-criteria-stringent/articleshow/49545470.cms|title=OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent |website=The Times of India|date=27 October 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into 'backward', 'more backward' and 'extremely backward' blocs and divide 27% quota amongst them in proportion to their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs don't corner the quota benefits.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBC-sub-division-relaxing-creamy-layer-is-a-must-NCBC-tells-govt/articleshow/49532421.cms|title=OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt |website=The Times of India|date=26 October 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Raise-creamy-layer-to-Rs-10-5-lakh-OBC-panel/articleshow/47155884.cms|title=Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel |website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 May 2015 }}</ref> In August 2017, NDA government announced the creamy layer ceiling in the OBC category from getting reservation in jobs, has been raised from Rs 6 lakh a year to Rs 8 lakh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/creamy-layer-income-cap-for-obcs-raised-to-rs-8l-per-annum-says-arun-jaitley/story-Otgdlzn41jjDBrW41MncrK.html|title='Creamy layer' income bar for OBCs raised, new panel for sub-categories|date=23 August 2017|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
===Supreme Court interim stay=== | ===Supreme Court interim stay=== | ||
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On 10 April 2008 the Supreme Court of India upheld the government's initiative of 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions. The Court has categorically reiterated its prior stand that those considered part of the "[[Creamy layer]]" should be excluded by government-funded institutions and by private institutions from the scope of the reservation policy. The verdict produced mixed reactions from supporting and opposing quarters. | On 10 April 2008 the Supreme Court of India upheld the government's initiative of 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions. The Court has categorically reiterated its prior stand that those considered part of the "[[Creamy layer]]" should be excluded by government-funded institutions and by private institutions from the scope of the reservation policy. The verdict produced mixed reactions from supporting and opposing quarters. | ||
Several criteria to identify the portion of the population comprising the "creamy layer" have been recommended, including the following:<ref name=telegraphcutoff>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080411/jsp/frontpage/story_9123781.jsp|title=New Cutoff for OBCs|date=11 April 2008|access-date=2008-04-11|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> | Several criteria to identify the portion of the population comprising the "creamy layer" have been recommended, including the following:<ref name=telegraphcutoff>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080411/jsp/frontpage/story_9123781.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412105903/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080411/jsp/frontpage/story_9123781.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 April 2008|title=New Cutoff for OBCs|date=11 April 2008|access-date=2008-04-11|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India}}</ref> | ||
* Children of those with family income above {{INR}} 250,000 a year, and then {{INR}} 450,000 a year {{as of|lc=yes|2008|October}} and now {{INR}} 800,000 a year, should be considered creamy layer, and excluded from the reservation quota. | * Children of those with family income above {{INR}} 250,000 a year, and then {{INR}} 450,000 a year {{as of|lc=yes|2008|October}} and now {{INR}} 800,000 a year, should be considered creamy layer, and excluded from the reservation quota. | ||
* Children of doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, actors, consultants, media professionals, writers, bureaucrats, defence officers of colonel and equivalent rank or higher, high court and Supreme Court judges, and all central and state government Class A and B officials should be excluded. | * Children of doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, actors, consultants, media professionals, writers, bureaucrats, defence officers of colonel and equivalent rank or higher, high court and Supreme Court judges, and all central and state government Class A and B officials should be excluded. | ||
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===Supreme Court scrapped Jat Reservations in Central OBCs list=== | ===Supreme Court scrapped Jat Reservations in Central OBCs list=== | ||
In March 2015, Supreme Court of India scrapped Jat Reservations saying that [[Jat people|Jats]] are not socially and economically backward in reference with [[National Commission for Backward Classes]]' (NCBC) opinion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/714288/the-one-paragraph-from-the-supreme-courts-jat-quota-judgment-that-slams-competitive-backwardness|title=The one paragraph from the Supreme Court's Jat quota judgment that slams competitive backwardness|first=Rohan|last=Venkataramakrishnan|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/723177/why-is-the-media-outraging-against-obc-reservations-when-its-the-higher-castes-who-have-cornered-jobs|title=Why is the media outraging against OBC reservations when it's the higher castes who have cornered jobs?|first=Indrajit|last=Roy|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/714430/the-daily-fix-supreme-court-reminds-india-that-the-third-word-in-obc-is-class-not-caste|title=The Daily Fix: Supreme Court reminds India that the third word in OBC is 'class' not 'caste'|first=Rohan|last=Venkataramakrishnan|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/jats-put-in-obc-as-per-constitutional-mandate-centre-to-sc/|title=Jats put in OBC as per Constitutional mandate: Centre to SC|date=5 April 2015}}</ref> Supreme Court judgement quashed the proposed inclusion of Jats in Central list of OBCs on the basis that Jats are already given OBC status in 9 States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/verdict-on-scrapping-quota-for-jats/article7061406.ece|title=Centre moves Supreme Court seeking review of Jat quota verdict|first=Legal|last=Correspondent|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> On 21 July 2015, Supreme Court rejected Centre's review plea for its verdict of quashing Jat reservation in OBCs.<ref>{{Cite | In March 2015, Supreme Court of India scrapped Jat Reservations saying that [[Jat people|Jats]] are not socially and economically backward in reference with [[National Commission for Backward Classes]]' (NCBC) opinion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/714288/the-one-paragraph-from-the-supreme-courts-jat-quota-judgment-that-slams-competitive-backwardness|title=The one paragraph from the Supreme Court's Jat quota judgment that slams competitive backwardness|first=Rohan|last=Venkataramakrishnan|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/723177/why-is-the-media-outraging-against-obc-reservations-when-its-the-higher-castes-who-have-cornered-jobs|title=Why is the media outraging against OBC reservations when it's the higher castes who have cornered jobs?|first=Indrajit|last=Roy|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/714430/the-daily-fix-supreme-court-reminds-india-that-the-third-word-in-obc-is-class-not-caste|title=The Daily Fix: Supreme Court reminds India that the third word in OBC is 'class' not 'caste'|first=Rohan|last=Venkataramakrishnan|website=Scroll.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/jats-put-in-obc-as-per-constitutional-mandate-centre-to-sc/|title=Jats put in OBC as per Constitutional mandate: Centre to SC|date=5 April 2015}}</ref> Supreme Court judgement quashed the proposed inclusion of Jats in Central list of OBCs on the basis that Jats are already given OBC status in 9 States.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/verdict-on-scrapping-quota-for-jats/article7061406.ece|title=Centre moves Supreme Court seeking review of Jat quota verdict|first=Legal|last=Correspondent|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 April 2015|access-date=4 March 2019|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> On 21 July 2015, Supreme Court rejected Centre's review plea for its verdict of quashing Jat reservation in OBCs.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/OBC-status-for-Jats-SC-quashes-Centres-review-plea/articleshow/48160573.cms|title=OBC status for Jats: SC quashes Centre's review plea |website=The Times of India|date=21 July 2015 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Christians== | ==Christians== | ||
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The [[Kerala]] government grants OBC reservation benefits to [[Latin Catholics of Malabar|Latin Catholics of Kerala]], [[Anglo-Indian|Anglo Indians]] and [[Latin Catholics of Malabar|Nadar Christians]] included in [[Church of South India|South India United Church]] (SIUC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralapsc.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&id=338&Itemid=198|title=List of SCs - STs - OBCs | Kerala Public Service Commission, Government of Kerala, India|website=www.keralapsc.gov.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> | The [[Kerala]] government grants OBC reservation benefits to [[Latin Catholics of Malabar|Latin Catholics of Kerala]], [[Anglo-Indian|Anglo Indians]] and [[Latin Catholics of Malabar|Nadar Christians]] included in [[Church of South India|South India United Church]] (SIUC).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralapsc.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&id=338&Itemid=198|title=List of SCs - STs - OBCs | Kerala Public Service Commission, Government of Kerala, India|website=www.keralapsc.gov.in|access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> | ||
The [[Government of Maharashtra]] grants OBC reservation benefits to [[East Indians|East | The [[Government of Maharashtra]] grants OBC reservation benefits to [[East Indians|East Indian Catholics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=शासन निर्णय (Official GR) |url=https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/Government%20Resolutions/English/20060307125652001.pdf |publisher=Government of Maharashtra |access-date=19 February 2020}}</ref> | ||
== | ==Politically important social groups listed as OBC== | ||
* [[Koli people|Koli]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Koli community leaders meet, seek their due from political parties |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/ahmedabad/report-koli-community-leaders-meet-seek-their-due-from-political-parties-2574525 |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> in the National<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuo5Ww/EcQPqeqoATXAB7p/QEBF7wOoZVUZeNdA4Fs5xoHN3KPmF8ST |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> as well as state list of [[Goa]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa OBC caste list 2022 |url=https://www.goa.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/citizens-charter-Sc-OBC.pdf |date=2022 |website=Goa.Gov.in}}</ref> [[Gujarat]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Other Backward Class |url=https://sje.gujarat.gov.in/ddcw/List-of-Socially-and-Educationally-Backward-Classes-of-Gujarat-State?lang=English |website=Gujarat.Gov.In}}</ref> [[Daman and Diu]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLt8a5dxY/huUNOVKOPzPpwDQRscORk2BsrMUNMDn9VLxMp5itOVUUVl |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsxd+9+s0uIb26Ezq2qkkg0dpU9tRhvabO7KGCVKcnUGj1m3h4/aFWT |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Karnataka]],<ref>{{Cite news |author=Staff Reporter |date=2019-01-06 |title=Koli leaders demand inclusionof all sub-groups in list of STs |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/koli-leaders-demand-inclusionof-all-sub-groups-in-list-of-sts/article25927832.ece |access-date=2022-11-06 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koli community hopeful of getting ST tag in Karnataka |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/koli-community-hopeful-of-getting-st-tag-in-karnataka/articleshow/59305521.cms |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Commission for Backward Classes |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsN+CCWgSsv8+uAyaBuDqnRoSLrvXbEEJTY+y0eazrlMjhC5BUvBdUU |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> | |||
* [[Rajput]]s in National<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsThxqt53NPf0ggPwu7BzPqq3bdU2%2bMS4jCYieqRNO1XcIozUEJpyYh| title=Central OBC list, Karnataka|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref><ref name="Central OBC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/cl/karnataka.pdf|title=PDF - National OBC list for Karnataka}}</ref> as well as State<ref name="Karnataka">{{cite web|title=CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000, Dated:30th March 2002. |url=http://kpsc.kar.nic.in/New%20Cast%20List.htm |website=KPSC |publisher=Karnataka Government |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920230051/http://kpsc.kar.nic.in/New%20Cast%20List.htm |archive-date=20 September 2014 }}</ref> OBC list of Karnataka. | * [[Rajput]]s in National<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsThxqt53NPf0ggPwu7BzPqq3bdU2%2bMS4jCYieqRNO1XcIozUEJpyYh| title=Central OBC list, Karnataka|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref><ref name="Central OBC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/cl/karnataka.pdf|title=PDF - National OBC list for Karnataka}}</ref> as well as State<ref name="Karnataka">{{cite web|title=CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000, Dated:30th March 2002. |url=http://kpsc.kar.nic.in/New%20Cast%20List.htm |website=KPSC |publisher=Karnataka Government |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920230051/http://kpsc.kar.nic.in/New%20Cast%20List.htm |archive-date=20 September 2014 }}</ref> OBC list of Karnataka. | ||
* [[Khatri]]s in the National<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv%2b2hza1cVSjGj2lbN6VTmq%2fWN4CcSyOxTDAvIblVnkv9NFuhO%2bdz42| title=Central OBC list, Tamil Nadu|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref> as well as State<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 59}}</ref> OBC list of Tamil Nadu. Khatris in the state OBC list of Maharastra.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bartievalidity.maharashtra.gov.in/ccvis_pdf/download/caste/caste_list.pdf|title=Caste List|website=bartievalidity.maharashtra.gov.in |publisher=|access-date=4 August 2021|page=18}}</ref> | * [[Khatri]]s in the National<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv%2b2hza1cVSjGj2lbN6VTmq%2fWN4CcSyOxTDAvIblVnkv9NFuhO%2bdz42| title=Central OBC list, Tamil Nadu|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2020-11-30}}</ref> as well as State<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/bclist.htm |title= List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu |website= |publisher=Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu |access-date=6 March 2021|quote= Sl.No 59}}</ref> OBC list of Tamil Nadu. Khatris in the state OBC list of Maharastra.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bartievalidity.maharashtra.gov.in/ccvis_pdf/download/caste/caste_list.pdf|title=Caste List|website=bartievalidity.maharashtra.gov.in |publisher=|access-date=4 August 2021|page=18}}</ref> | ||
* [[Urs (surname)|Aras (Urs)]] community of the [[Wadiyar dynasty|Mysore Wodeyars]] in Karnataka.<ref name="Arasu community included in Backward Classes 2A category">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-arasu-community-included-in-backward-classes-2a-category-1637160|title=Arasu community included in Backward Classes 2A category|date=2012-01-13|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> | * [[Urs (surname)|Aras (Urs)]] community of the [[Wadiyar dynasty|Mysore Wodeyars]] in Karnataka.<ref name="Arasu community included in Backward Classes 2A category">{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-arasu-community-included-in-backward-classes-2a-category-1637160|title=Arasu community included in Backward Classes 2A category|date=2012-01-13|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> | ||
* [[Kathi people|Kathi]]s in the central list of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuo5Ww%2fEcQPqeqoATXAB7p%2fQEBF7wOoZVUZeNdA4Fs5xoHN3KPmF8ST| title=Central OBC list, Gujarat|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref> | * [[Kathi people|Kathi]]s in the central list of Gujarat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuo5Ww%2fEcQPqeqoATXAB7p%2fQEBF7wOoZVUZeNdA4Fs5xoHN3KPmF8ST| title=Central OBC list, Gujarat|website=National Commission for Backward Classes|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref> | ||
* [[Ahoms]] in the central list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvrfca7yFSI%2F925Go7SY9937UQ98B5lbFdbKCi85fJtx2wivIdOyNDx | title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2021-02-17}}</ref> | * [[Ahoms]] in the central list.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvrfca7yFSI%2F925Go7SY9937UQ98B5lbFdbKCi85fJtx2wivIdOyNDx | title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2021-02-17}}</ref> | ||
* [[Jat]]s | * [[Jat]]s in state list of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Chhattisgarh. However only the Jats of Rajasthan – excluding those of Bharatpur district and Dholpur district – are entitled to reservation of central government jobs under the OBC reservation.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-was-first-state-to-extend-obc-benefits-to-jats-in-1999/articleshow/51103445.cms |title=Rajasthan was first state to extend obc benefits to jats in 1999|newspaper=Timesofindia.com|access-date= 23 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="Govt list">{{cite web |url=https://sje.rajasthan.gov.in/Default.aspx?PageID=67 |title=List of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of Rajasthan State |website=sje.rajasthan.gov.in |access-date= 28 December 2020}}</ref> | ||
* [[Yadav]]s in many states list except Punjab.<ref>https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/uttarpradesh.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/firozpur-13022363.html | title='अहीर-यादव' को पिछड़ी श्रेणी में शामिल न करने से रोष }}</ref> | |||
==Listed Brahmins & other priestly communities== | ==Listed Brahmins & other priestly communities== | ||
* [[Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins]] in the states of Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka.<ref> | * [[Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins]] in the states of Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka.<ref> | ||
{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvX4YwLqUBC2NUPs1mZbhKbKhWJfmW+7ZgXWaQGOVNjwfOOnQuzOlde|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsThxqt53NPf0ggPwu7BzPqgy3u3lupJmQLsT8/MjBlhiG/b0Het9uX|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> | {{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvX4YwLqUBC2NUPs1mZbhKbKhWJfmW+7ZgXWaQGOVNjwfOOnQuzOlde|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsThxqt53NPf0ggPwu7BzPqgy3u3lupJmQLsT8/MjBlhiG/b0Het9uX|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> | ||
* | * [[Bhargava|Bhargava Dakaut]] or [[Joshi]] Brahmins in the states of Rajasthan,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/user_panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv31HvqDjLo2b6bRBzpX69AuevOb6OGP5DsC5gpIwo1/UhqMgvCp07Y|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2018-12-23}}</ref> Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi | ||
* [[Kattaha Brahmin]] in the state of Rajasthan.<ref name="auto"/> | * [[Kattaha Brahmin]] in the state of Rajasthan.<ref name="auto"/> | ||
* [[Saurashtra Brahmin]]s in the states of Tamil Nadu<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv+2hza1cVSjGj2lbN6VTmq/WN4CcSyOxTDAvIblVnkv9NFuhO+dz42|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> and Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvX4YwLqUBC2NUPs1mZbhKbP42N+Xtmvwb+Hm6V1GqYkr6sDSgvI/Sb|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> | * [[Saurashtra Brahmin]]s in the states of Tamil Nadu<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLv+2hza1cVSjGj2lbN6VTmq/WN4CcSyOxTDAvIblVnkv9NFuhO+dz42|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> and Kerala.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvX4YwLqUBC2NUPs1mZbhKbP42N+Xtmvwb+Hm6V1GqYkr6sDSgvI/Sb|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|website=www.ncbc.nic.in|access-date=2019-02-06}}</ref> | ||
* Goswami | * [[Goswami]] Brahmin in some states ( Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar central list in notified general categories) Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat in obc. | ||
* [[Bairagi (caste)|Bairagi]] in the states of [[Chandigarh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLs6Ml5fN1KWlysLFJ9ZZUT0wVyipx/cKbXgvxsxWmh8vAkBPMBJGs/L|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL/PpW8Y55aF3GqmP+6qk0h|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe/6LJkoytsMWec|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Haryana]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLtSFTL0ASsWZiEMIyxBfIugSJe8arywMwfWfPq16O6iHdjTWVqYIXVu|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvnHHKZ9t8g+EgijzJVQtho7CaGSXROrDtM9fybcBvLdUE90UeQwWqY|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Jharkhand]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLtntPZrP1xnZG8nZ34XuoBfsHwTY/8cYIdPy3GhAzIle6lduoM7zNVH|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM/vPkOo88fWK/s/LWkaxMKHeos/c/Kys|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Odisha]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLs9KFQF7Vtb/nFssWGD/Stdd0AoHuDmMlE1cjWi2dtJRwAnui0pITyJ|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Punjab]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuTMjHNGD7tLAGJDr0rFZ6gQLuDB/be2VQawqI1srOZXpS98tTBZQrI|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ+l0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj+VqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> | * Dhiman and [[Jangid]] Brahmins in the states of [[Chandigarh]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Delhi]],<ref name=":1" /> [[Haryana]],<ref name=":2" /> [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name=":3" /> [[Punjab]],<ref name=":4" /> [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name=":5" /> [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name=":6" /> | ||
* Gurav or | * [[Bairagi (caste)|Bairagi]] in the states of [[Chandigarh]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLs6Ml5fN1KWlysLFJ9ZZUT0wVyipx/cKbXgvxsxWmh8vAkBPMBJGs/L|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Chhattisgarh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL/PpW8Y55aF3GqmP+6qk0h|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Delhi]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe/6LJkoytsMWec|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Haryana]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLtSFTL0ASsWZiEMIyxBfIugSJe8arywMwfWfPq16O6iHdjTWVqYIXVu|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Himachal Pradesh]],<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvnHHKZ9t8g+EgijzJVQtho7CaGSXROrDtM9fybcBvLdUE90UeQwWqY|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Jharkhand]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLtntPZrP1xnZG8nZ34XuoBfsHwTY/8cYIdPy3GhAzIle6lduoM7zNVH|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM/vPkOo88fWK/s/LWkaxMKHeos/c/Kys|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Odisha]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLs9KFQF7Vtb/nFssWGD/Stdd0AoHuDmMlE1cjWi2dtJRwAnui0pITyJ|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Punjab]],<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuTMjHNGD7tLAGJDr0rFZ6gQLuDB/be2VQawqI1srOZXpS98tTBZQrI|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ+l0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> [[Uttarakhand]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=National Commission for Backward Classes|url=http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj+VqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|access-date=2020-12-28|website=www.ncbc.nic.in}}</ref> | ||
* [[Gurav]] or Shaiva Brahmin in the state of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxzhDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|title=Contested Capital: Rural Middle Classes in India: Rural Middle Classes in India|page=57|author=Maryam Aslany|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=3 December 2020|isbn=9781108836333}}</ref> | |||
* | |||
==Lists== | ==Lists== | ||
| Line 169: | Line 179: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
[[Category: Other Backward Classes| ]] | *[http://socialjustice.nic.in/ Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India] | ||
[[Category: Reservation in India]] | *[http://ncbc.nic.in/index.html National Commission for Backward Classes], [http://ncbc.nic.in/backward-classes/index.html central list by state] | ||
[[Category: Caste system in India]] | |||
[[Category: Political terminology in India]] | {{Caste in India}} | ||
[[Category:Other Backward Classes| ]] | |||
[[Category:Reservation in India]] | |||
[[Category:Caste system in India]] | |||
[[Category:Political terminology in India]] | |||