Warangal: Difference between revisions

| name                           = Warangal  

| other_name                     = Orugallu, Ekashila Nagaram

| settlement_type                 = [[City]]

| image_skyline                   = WarangalMontage.jpg

| image_alt                       = Montage of Warangal city images.

| image_caption                   = Clockwise from top: City view as seen from Govindarajula hill, [[Kakatiya University]], [[Warangal Fort]], [[Thousand Pillar Temple]], [[Kakatiya Kala Thoranam]]

| map_alt                         =  

| map_caption                     =  

| pushpin_map                     = India Telangana#India

| pushpin_label_position         = right

| pushpin_map_alt                 =  

| pushpin_map_caption             =  

| coordinates                     = {{coord|18.0|N|79.58|E|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type               = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]

| subdivision_name               = {{flag|India}}

| subdivision_type1               = [[States and territories of India|State]]

| subdivision_name1               = [[Telangana]]

| subdivision_type2               = [[List of districts of India|District]]

| subdivision_name2               = [[Warangal district]]

| nickname                       = [[Warangal Tri-City|Tri-City]]

| established_title               = Founded

| established_date               = 1163 AD

| founder                         = [[Kakatiya dynasty]]

| government_type                 = [[Municipal Corporation]]

| governing_body                 = [[Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation|GWMC]]<br />[[Kakatiya Urban Development Authority|KUDA]]

| leader_title                   = [[Mayor]]

| leader_name                     = [[Gundu Sudha Rani]]

| leader_party                   = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]

| unit_pref                       = Metric

| area_footnotes                 = <ref name="profile">{{cite web |title=Budget Estimates for the Year 2017–2018 and Revised Budget Estimates for the Year 2016–2017 |url=https://gwmc.gov.in/RTI%20pdfs/Chapter-XII.pdf |website=Greater Warangal Municipal Corporation |access-date=6 June 2019 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="metro">{{cite web|title=About Kakatiya Urban Development Authority|url=http://kuda.co.in/about.php|website=Kakatiya Urban Development Authority}}</ref>

| total_type                     = [[City]]

| area_total_km2                 = 406.97

| area_metro_km2                 = 1805

| elevation_footnotes             =  

| elevation_m                     = 266

| population_total               = 830,281

| population_as_of               = 2011

| population_footnotes           = <ref name="aboutgwmc">{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://gwmc.gov.in/aboutUs.aspx|website=[[GWMC]]|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="totalpop">{{cite web|title=STATEMENT SHOWING THE REVENUE VILLAGE WISE 2011 CENSUS POPULATION FIGURES IN WARANGAL DISTRICT|url=https://gwmc.gov.in/attachments/CENSUS-2011-POPULATION.pdf|website=[[GWMC]]|access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="profile" />

| population_density_km2         = 2000

| population_metro               = 1.3 million

| population_rank                 = [[List of cities in Telangana by population|2nd (Telangana)]]

| population_demonym             = Warangalite,

| demographics_type1             = Languages

| demographics1_title1           = Official

| demographics1_info1             = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]

| timezone1                       = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]

| utc_offset1                     = +5:30

| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]

| postal_code                     = 506001–506019

| area_code                       = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91–0870]]

| area_code_type                 = Telephone code

| registration_plate             = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|TS-03<br />AP-36 (Former)]]

| website                         = {{URL|http://www.gwmc.gov.in/}}

| footnotes                       =  

| official_name                   =  

'''Warangal''' ({{audio|Warangal.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a city in the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. It is the second largest city in Telangana with a population of {{formatnum:830281}} per [[2011 Census of India]],<ref name="aboutgwmc" /><ref name="totalpop" /> and spreading over an {{convert|406|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="profile" />  

It is one of the eleven cities in the country to have been chosen for the [[Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana]] scheme by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hridayindia.in/warangal/|title=Warangal {{!}} Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY)|website=hridayindia.in|access-date=2016-07-13}}</ref> It was also selected as a ''[[smart city]]'' in the "fast-track competition", which makes it eligible for additional investment to improve urban infrastructure and industrial opportunities under the [[Smart Cities Mission]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Lucknow-Warangal-among-13-smart-cities-announced-by-govt./article14337157.ece|title=Lucknow, Warangal among 13 smart cities announced by govt.|date=2016-05-24|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-07-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108143347/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Lucknow-Warangal-among-13-smart-cities-announced-by-govt./article14337157.ece|archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref>

The three urban cities [[Kazipet]], [[Hanamkonda]] and Warangal are together known as [[Warangal Tri-City]]. The three cities are connected by National Highway 163 ([[Hyderabad]]–[[Bhuvanagiri, Telangana|Bhuvanagiri]]–Warangal–[[Bhopalpatnam]]). The major stations are Kazipet Junction railway station and Warangal railway station.

During the 160 years of [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] rule between 1163 - 1323, Warangal was referred with various names like ''Orugallu'', ''Ekasila Nagaram'', or ''Omatikonda'' all these means a 'single stone' referring to a huge granite boulder present in the Warangal fort.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hridayindia.in/warangal/ |title = HRI Day India}}</ref> When the Kakatiya dynasty was defeated by [[Delhi Sultanate]] in 1323, ruler Juna Khan conquered the city and renamed it as Sultanpur.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7ZZzk8cXh8C&q=warangal+named+as+sultanpur&pg=PA86 | title=Series-16 Indian History–Medieval India}}</ref> Later [[Musunuri Nayaks]] recaptured Warangal in 1336 A. D. and named it Orugallu again.

Warangal was the ancient capital of Kakatiya dynasty.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historic Landmarks of the Deccan |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.106468 |last=Haig |first=Thomas Wolseley |author-link=Wolseley Haig |year=1907 |place=Allahabad |publisher=The Pioneer Press |page=66}}</ref> It was ruled by many kings such as Beta Raja I, Prola Raja I, Beta Raja II, Prola Raja II, [[Rudradeva]], Mahadeva, Ganapathideva, [[Prataparudra]] and [[Rani Rudrama Devi]] who is the only woman to rule over Telugu region. Beta Raja I is the founder of Kakatiya Dynasty and ruled the kingdom for 30 years and was succeeded by his son Prola Raja I who shifted his capital to [[Hanamkonda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Kakatiya Dynasty (Kakatiya Empire, Kakatiyas)| url=https://www.importantindia.com/9551/kakatiya-dynasty/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920063344/http://www.importantindia.com:80/9551/kakatiya-dynasty/| archive-date=20 September 2017|url-status=dead |date=2013-12-13}}</ref>

During the rule of Ganapathideva, the capital was shifted from Hanamkonda to Warangal.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/warangal/wa01.html | title=Ancient India| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130010224/http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/india/warangal/wa01.html| archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref> Kakatiya Period Inscriptions praised Warangal as best city within all of Telugu region up to shores of the Ocean.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C&q=warangal+best|title=Precolonial India in Practice: Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra|last=Cynthia|first=Talbot|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2001-09-20|isbn=978-0-19-803123-9|page=37}}</ref> The Kakatiyas left many monuments, including an impressive fortress, four massive stone gateways, the Swayambhu temple dedicated to [[Shiva]], and the [[Ramappa temple]] situated near Ramappa Lake. The cultural and administrative distinction of the Kakatiyas was mentioned by [[Marco Polo]]. After the defeat of [[Prataparudra II]], the [[Musunuri Nayaks]] united 72 Nayak chieftains and captured Warangal from [[Delhi Sultanate]] and ruled for fifty years. After the demise of the Nayaks, Warangal was part of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] and then the Sultanate of [[Golconda]].

The [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] emperor [[Aurangzeb]] conquered [[Golconda]] in 1687, and it remained part of the Mughal empire until the southern provinces of the empire split away to become the state of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] in 1724, which included the Telangana region and some parts of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Karnataka]]. Hyderabad was annexed to India in 1948, and became an [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] called as Hyderabad state. In 1956 Hyderabad state was partitioned as part of the [[States Reorganisation Act]], and Telangana, the [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-speaking region of Hyderabad state, which includes Warangal, became part of Andhra Pradesh. After the Telangana movement, Telangana state was formed on 2 June 2014, Warangal became part of Telangana State.

{{India census population

|title=Warangal city population

|footnote=Sources:<ref name="Census 1951-61">{{cite book|title=Process of urban fringe development: A model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buz5csyXFmwC|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|page=25|last=Gopi|first=K.N|year=1978|access-date=6 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Census Hyderabad">{{cite web|title=Economy, population and urban sprawl a comparative study of urban agglomerations of Banglore and Hyderabad, India using remote sensing and GIS techniques|url=http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|last1=Iyer|first1=Neelakantan Krishna|last2=Kulkarni|first2=Sumati|last3=Raghavaswam|first3=V.|page=21|date=13 June 2007|publisher=circed.org|access-date=10 December 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201030200/http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="greater Hyderabad">{{cite web|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above, census 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|page=11|year=2011|publisher=Government of India|access-date=10 December 2012}}</ref>}}

In October 2012, the corporation conducted ''Clean Cities Championship'', which invited professionals from 57 municipalities across the state for effective waste management and was won by [[Khammam Municipal Corporation]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Trash-driving/article15616669.ece|title=Trash driving|last=Acharya|first=Keya|date=2012-11-24|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-04-07|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205182319/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Trash-driving/article15616669.ece|archive-date=5 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/11/making-waste-management-a-sport-in-india/|title=Making Waste Management a Sport in India|website=www.ipsnews.net|access-date=2019-04-07|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201150112/http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/11/making-waste-management-a-sport-in-india/|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|last1=Malhotra|first1=Meghna|last2=Baradi|first2=Manvita|last3=Centre -UMC|first3=Urban Management|title=Compendium Of Good Practices in Solid Waste Management, March 2015|url=https://www.academia.edu/22906452|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406141137/https://www.academia.edu/22906452/Compendium_Of_Good_Practices_in_Solid_Waste_Management_March_2015|archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> Following the event, Warangal became the first city in India to achieve 100% door-to-door [[Municipal solid waste|MSW collection]]. About 70% of households started practicing two-bin MSW segregation into wet and dry waste. 420 cement bins and 128 dumpsters were removed from locations across Warangal making it a no dump city.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Malhotra|first1=Meghna|last2=Baradi|first2=Manvita|last3=Centre -UMC|first3=Urban Management|title=Compendium Of Good Practices in Solid Waste Management, March 2015|url=https://www.academia.edu/22906452|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406141137/https://www.academia.edu/22906452/Compendium_Of_Good_Practices_in_Solid_Waste_Management_March_2015|archive-date=6 April 2019}}</ref> GWMC was able to reduce the MSW going to landfill by 30% to 40%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.npcindia.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/7.2-Annex-for-NPC-Warangal.pdf|title=National Productivity Council India: Clean Cities Championship Case Study}}</ref> and the dumpyard with significantly reduced load is, in phases, being converted into a nature park with [[vermicompost]]ing sheds.<ref name="auto1"/>

The city hosts second-biggest grain market of Asia, located in Enumamula.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiagrowing.com/Telangana/Warangal/Hanamkonda/Enumamula|title=Enumamula Village, Hanamkonda Mandal, Warangal |publisher=India Growing |access-date=19 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326103159/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Telangana/Warangal/Hanamkonda/Enumamula |archive-date=26 March 2014 }}</ref> [[Information Technology]] is another sector in which the city is making steady progress with its Incubation centre at [[Madikonda]]. Recently [[Tech Mahindra]] & [[Cyient]] have opened their development centres and many other IT majors like [[Mindtree]], quadrant resource will be opening their offices shortly.<ref>{{cite web|author=Special Correspondent |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-Telangana/stpiwarangal-woos-investors/article5647745.ece|title=STPI-Warangal woos investors|work=The Hindu|date=3 February 2014|access-date=19 April 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/it-incubation-centre-inaugurated-in-warangal-116021900844_1.html | title=IT Incubation Centre inaugurated in Warangal | work=Business Standard | date=19 February 2016 | access-date=5 July 2016 | author=Press Trust of India| url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307154831/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/it-incubation-centre-inaugurated-in-warangal-116021900844_1.html | archive-date=7 March 2020 }}</ref>

The city is connected to major cities and towns by means of road and railways. [[National Highway (India)|National]] and [[state highways]] that pass through the city are, [[National Highway 163 (India)(old numbering)|National Highway 163]], connecting [[Hyderabad]] and [[Bhopalpatnam]]; NH 563 connecting [[Ramagundam]] and [[Khammam]]; State highway 3. [[TSRTC]] operates buses to various destinations from Hanamkonda and Warangal bus stations of the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bus Stations|url=http://www.tsrtc.telangana.gov.in/BusStations.php|website=[[TSRTC]]|access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Nearly 78 City buses run in various routes across the city and sub urban areas while 45 city buses run from city to nearby villages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Guntur-still-awaits-city-RTC-services/articleshow/43761506.cms|title=Guntur still awaits city RTC services|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127040728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Guntur-still-awaits-city-RTC-services/articleshow/43761506.cms|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>

Warangal has an [[Warangal Airport|airport]] built by the Nizams at Mamnoor in 1930. It was largest airport in undivided India with 1,875 acres of land, a 6.6-km runway, a pilot and staff quarters, a pilot training centre and more than one terminal. Many cargo services and Vayudoot services were served. During the [[Sino-Indian War|Indo-China war]], it served as a hangar for government aircraft due to Delhi airport being a target in combat. It remained in service until 1981.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-era-airport-lies-neglected/articleshow/9402208.cms|title=Nizam-era airport lies neglected – Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2016-07-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020152607/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Nizam-era-airport-lies-neglected/articleshow/9402208.cms|archive-date=20 October 2020}}</ref>

The residents of the city are often referred as ''Warangalites''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Paying tribute to new State in style|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/paying-tribute-to-new-state-in-style/article7273396.ece|access-date=15 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=2 June 2015|language=en-IN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204120730/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/paying-tribute-to-new-state-in-style/article7273396.ece|archive-date=4 December 2020}}</ref> The [[Warangal Fort]], [[Thousand Pillar Temple]] and the [[Ramappa Temple]] which was inscribed in the list of [[World Heritage sites]] recognised by [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Centre|first1=UNESCO World Heritage|title=The Glorious Kakatiya Temples and Gateways – UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5889/|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=28 June 2016|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308083849/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5889/|archive-date=8 March 2021}}</ref> [[Bhadrakali Temple, Warangal|Bhadrakali Temple]], [[Padmakshi Temple]], Mettu Gutta, [[Govinda Rajula Gutta]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Warangal]], [[Syed Shah Afzal Biabani|Kazipet Dargah]], Ursu Gutta, and Erragattu Gutta are the other notable destinations of various religions. Bhadrakali Lake, Waddepally Lake, and Dharmasagar Lake are the water bodies notable for tourism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Regions ::: Visit Telangana – Official Tourism Information for Telangana|url=http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/regions/warangal.html|website=www.telanganatourism.gov.in|access-date=28 June 2016}}</ref>

[[Bhadrakali Temple, Warangal|Bhadrakali Temple]] lake is being developed into the largest first Geo-Bio-Diversity cultural park in the country, with promenades, historic caves, suspension bridges, natural trails, nesting ground and ecological reserves.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/warangals-cultural-heritage-set-to-get-a-boost-under-hriday-project/article7507399.ece|title=Destination Warangal|date=2015-08-06|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-07-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125001733/https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/warangals-cultural-heritage-set-to-get-a-boost-under-hriday-project/article7507399.ece|archive-date=25 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Not-Hyderabad-Warangal-now-tourism-hotspot/articleshow/49351037.cms|title=Not Hyderabad, Warangal now tourism hotspot &#124; Hyderabad News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105180101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Not-Hyderabad-Warangal-now-tourism-hotspot/articleshow/49351037.cms|archive-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>

The [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism]] has awarded Warangal as the best heritage city, at the National Tourism Awards for the year 2014–2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/madhya-pradesh-received-award-for-comprehensive-development-of-tourism-2944373/|title=Madhya Pradesh receives award for comprehensive development of tourism|date=30 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201094808/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/madhya-pradesh-received-award-for-comprehensive-development-of-tourism-2944373/|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref> This is third time in a row for the city to get this award since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Warangal-wins-best-heritage-city-award/article14545178.ece|title=Warangal wins best heritage city award|date=1 August 2016|via=www.thehindu.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201065225/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Warangal-wins-best-heritage-city-award/article14545178.ece|archive-date=1 December 2020}}</ref>

Festivals in the city include, a floral festival of [[Bathukamma]] being celebrated by women of the city, worshiping the goddess with different flowers for nine days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bathukamma-festivities-in-the-air/article6442465.ece|title=Bathukamma: Festivities in the air|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|access-date=28 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118143829/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bathukamma-festivities-in-the-air/article6442465.ece|archive-date=18 January 2021}}</ref> The women carry their ''Bathukamma'' to the nearest temple of their locality, then they clap, sing and dance rhythmically around the Bathukamma.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bathukamma-festivities-to-begin-from-sept-24/article6432089.ece|title=Bathukamma festivities to begin from Sept. 24|author=Gollapudi Srinivasa Rao|work=The Hindu|access-date=28 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229091519/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/bathukamma-festivities-to-begin-from-sept-24/article6432089.ece|archive-date=29 February 2020}}</ref> Along with Bathukamma, [[Bonalu]] is also declared as a state festival on 15 June 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Bonalu-Bathukamma-declared-state-festivals/articleshow/36677768.cms|title=Bonalu, Bathukamma declared state festivals|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228193000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Bonalu-Bathukamma-declared-state-festivals/articleshow/36677768.cms|archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Other festivals are, [[Sammakka Saralamma Jatara]] (Medaram Jatara), a popular religious congregation in the honour of Goddess at [[Medaram]] of [[Warangal district]].

*[[Anandhi]], film actress

*[[Tharun Bhascker]], film director

*[[Arjun Erigaisi]], Chess Grandmaster

*[[Kothapalli Jayashankar]], professor

*[[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]], cricketer

*[[P. V. Narasimha Rao]], former Prime Minister of India

* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}