Rupnagar: Difference between revisions

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| name                     = Rupnagar

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| settlement_type         = City

| image_skyline           = {{photomontage

| photo1a = Satluj S058.JPG

| photo2a = Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg

| photo2b = Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib , Kotla Nihang, Roopnagar, Punjab, India.jpg

| photo3a = Shahi Mulakaat Sthan Maharaja Ranjit Singh Runagar Image Credit Entrepreneur Rudhrah Gourav.jpg

| photo3b = Ropar Wetland 03.jpg

| photo4a = 2 River Satluj Sutlej Ropar Dam and Bridge in Rupnagar Punjab India.jpg

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}}'''Rupnagar'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar {{!}} India {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rupnagar |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupnagar {{!}} Districts Profile {{!}} NRI Affairs Department |url=http://nripunjab.gov.in/rupnagar-district.htm |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=nripunjab.gov.in}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ʊ|p|n|ə|g|ər}}; [[List of renamed places in India|formerly known as]] '''Ropar''') is a city and a [[municipal council]] in [[Rupnagar district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]. Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the [[Indus Valley civilization]]. Rupnagar is nearly {{Convert|43|km|abbr=on}} to the northwest of [[Chandigarh]] (the nearest [[airport]] and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by [[Himachal Pradesh]] to the north and [[Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district]] to its west.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of District {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/map-of-district/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib, Gurdwara Solkhian and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by a  [[Raja]] called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=rupnagar city etymology |url=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/ropar/city-introduction/ |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>

=== Indus Valley civilization<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indus civilization {{!}} History, Location, Map, Artifacts, Language, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Indus-civilization |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ===

[[File:Indus Valley Civilization site, Roopnagar (Rupar), Punjab, India.jpg|thumb|left|Indus Civilization site, Rupnagar (Ropar), Punjab, India]]Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the [[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar-Hakra]] beds.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kodwani |first=Sunny |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9OBKvgAACAAJ |title=Harappan Towns and Cities: Indus Valley Civilization, Indian Historical Tales |date=2016-09-11 |publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform |isbn=978-1-5375-4228-7 |language=en}}</ref> There is an Archaeological Museum<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archeological Museum {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/tourist-place/archeological-museum/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first [[Harappan civilisation|Harappan]] site of Independent India.<ref name=":0" /> These excavations reveal a cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] and copper and bronze implements.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://rupnagar.nic.in/html/asi_museum.htm|title=ASI Museum - Rupnagar|website=rupnagar.nic.in|access-date=2017-07-12}}</ref>

== Historical Background ==

S. Hari Singh Rais of Sialba conquered Ropar in [[1763|1763 A.D]]. and established his state . His son Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Districts of India- Socio-economic statistical data of Rupnagar District, Punjab |url=https://www.indiastatdistricts.com/punjab/rupnagar-district |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.indiastatdistricts.com}}</ref>

The [[climate]] of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in the south west [[monsoon]] season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four [[season]]s. The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west [[monsoon]] season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes the post-monsoon or transition season. The [[temperature]] ranges from a minimum of {{Convert|1|C}} in winter to {{Convert|47|C}} in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative [[humid]]ity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual [[rainfall]] in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall is received during June through September.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Climate and Rainfall - Rupnagar |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/demography/ |url-status=live |access-date=2017-12-26 |website=rupnagar.nic.in}}</ref>

The city has one of the three important wetlands of the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] State known as Rupnagar Wetland or [[Ropar Wetland]].It was declared as a [[Ramsar site]] in 2002<ref>{{Cite web |title=RAMSAR Wetland Sites |url=http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Database/ramsar_wetland_sites_8224.aspx |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.wiienvis.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Komal |last2=Khattar |first2=J. I. S. |last3=Singh |first3=D. P. |last4=Singh |first4=Yadvinder |date=2021 |title=New records of desmids from Ropar wetland (a Ramsar Site) of Punjab, India |url=https://horizonepublishing.com/journals/index.php/PST/article/view/1229 |journal=Plant Science Today |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=1037–1048 |doi=10.14719/pst.2021.8.4.1229 |s2cid=238645818 |issn=2348-1900|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1161 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Vinod Kumar|date=Jan 28, 2020 |title=Three more Punjab wetlands get Ramsar site tag {{!}} Chandigarh News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/three-more-punjab-wetlands-get-ramsar-site-tag/articleshow/73676841.cms |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ropar Wetland |url=https://sandrp.in/tag/ropar-wetland/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=SANDRP |language=en}}</ref> This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the [[Sutlej|Sutlej River]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://punjabtourism.gov.in/Punjab.html#/attraction/59/ropar-wetland|title=Punjab Tourism|website=punjabtourism.gov.in|access-date=2017-12-26}}</ref> The area has a large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 [[mammal]]ian, 154 [[bird]], 35 [[fish]], 9 [[arthropod]], 11 [[rotifer]] and 10 [[protozoa]]n species. This important ecological zone is located in the [[Sivalik Hills|Shivalik]] foothills of the [[Lower Himalayan Range|Lower Himalayas]] and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] state of India, by building a head regulator.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKGitHv-DTAC |title=DKGitHv-DTAC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jain |first1=Sharad K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&dq=ropar+head&pg=PA493 |title=Hydrology and Water Resources of India |last2=Agarwal |first2=Pushpendra K. |last3=Singh |first3=Vijay P. |date=2007-05-16 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-5180-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RMpKAAAAYAAJ&q=ropar+head |title=The Journal of Cytology and Genetics |date=1990 |publisher=Society of Cytologists and Geneticists, India |language=en}}</ref> The total area of the wetland is {{Convert|1365|ha}}. The wetland is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast.

* [[File:NH205-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 205 (India)|NH 205]] that connects [[Chandigarh]], [[Kurali]] to [[Kiratpur Sahib]], [[Himachal Pradesh]] via Rupnagar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relation: NH205 (3210477) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/3210477 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}</ref>

*[[File:NH103A-IN.svg|25px]] [[National Highway 103A (India)|NH 103A]] connects [[Hoshiarpur]] to Rupnagar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Highway 103A (NH103A) Travel Guide - Roadnow |url=https://roadnow.in/e/national-highway-103A-NH103A |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=roadnow.in}}</ref>

As per 2011 India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2022 |title=Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/demography/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=2004-06-16 |access-date=2008-11-01 |website=rupnagar.nic.in|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rupnagar District Population Census 2011-2022, Punjab literacy sex ratio and density |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/district-at-a-glance/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Experts |first=Arihant |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhrzDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Rupnagar%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA243 |title=Know Your State Punjab |date=2019-06-04 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-131-6766-2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9XsZ0G5URAC |title=Census of India, 2011: pt.1. Provisional population totals |date=2011 |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab |language=en}}</ref>

* Smart IT Ventures Private Limited

[[File:Maingateiitropar.jpg|thumb|200x200px|The Indian Institute of Technology, ROPAR.]]

Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either [[Central Board of Secondary Education|Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)]] or [[Punjab School Education Board|Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)]] or [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)]]  and follow the [[Education in India|10+2 plan]] of education.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools {{!}} Rupnagar Web Portal {{!}} India |url=https://rupnagar.nic.in/public-utility-category/schools/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Rupnagar houses the [[Indian Institute of Technology Ropar]] which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satulj,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Institute of Technology Ropar {{!}} भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान रोपड़ |url=https://www.iitrpr.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.iitrpr.ac.in}}</ref> the [[Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page - Best colleges in Chandigarh IETBhaddal |url=https://ietbhaddal.edu.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ietbhaddal.edu.in}}</ref> and Government College, Ropar<ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt College Ropar |url=https://www.govtcollegeropar.org/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.govtcollegeropar.org}}</ref> (affiliated to [[Punjabi University|Punjabi University, Patiala]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjabi University, Patiala {{!}} Higher Education Institute {{!}} NAAC "A" Grade {{!}} Punjab |url=http://www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.punjabiuniversity.ac.in}}</ref>).

* [[Himanshi Khurana]], Indian model

* [[Rattan Chand]], Senior bureaucrat for the Government of India

* [[Kanshi Ram]], Indian politician<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-09 |title=How 'manyavar' Kanshiram stood up for a colleague and changed Indian politics |url=https://theprint.in/politics/how-manyavar-kanshiram-stood-up-for-a-colleague-and-changed-indian-politics/131612/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-15 |title=Kanshi Ram – A Great Indian Politician and Social Reformer |url=https://www.beaninspirer.com/kanshi-ram-a-great-indian-politician-and-social-reformer/ |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=www.beaninspirer.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

* [[Surjit Bindrakhia]], Punjabi singer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surjit Bindrakhia |url=https://open.spotify.com/artist/2tcB32mxjVzmLcyfGizWNX |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Spotify |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-15 |title=PTC Punjabi- Live Gurbani {{!}} World's No.1 Punjabi Entertainment Channel |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/surjit-bindrakhia-birth-anniversary-special-know-some-lesser-known-facts-and-hit-songs-by-the-legend |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=PTC Punjabi |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Rana K. P. Singh]], Indian politician<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-27 |title=Know the new Punjab Vidhan Sabha speaker, Rana KP Singh |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/know-the-new-punjab-vidhan-sabha-speaker-rana-kp-singh/story-OBx8t4LsHiXdQJwnb7cwOI.html |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Tribune News |title=Indian Constitution is best, says Rana KP |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jalandhar/indian-constitution-is-best-says-rana-kp-32316 |access-date=2022-06-22 |website=Tribuneindia News Service |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Indus Valley civilization]]

{{reflist}}

 

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&q=ropar Location of Ropar in IVC map]

[[Category:Indus Valley civilisation sites]]